Index

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  L  M  N  O  P  R  S  T  U  V  W 

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A

ABORT option

SHUTDOWN statement, 1-17, 5-15, 5-16, 5-25, 6-13

active online redo log

loss of group, 6-10

alert log, 6-17

checking after RESETLOGS, 5-35

ALTER DATABASE statement

BACKUP CONTROLFILE clause, 1-19, 4-4, 4-14

TO TRACE option, 4-14

CLEAR LOGFILE clause, 6-9

CLEAR UNARCHIVED LOGFILE clause, 2-14

DATAFILE ONLINE option, 5-30

NORESETLOGS option, 4-16, 5-34

RECOVER ... FROM option, 5-6, 5-10

RECOVER AUTOMATIC LOGFILE option, 5-13

RECOVER LOGFILE option, 5-12

RESETLOGS option, 4-16, 5-16, 5-17, 5-34

ALTER SYSTEM statement

ARCHIVE ALL option

using to archive online redo logs, 1-19

RESUME option, 4-11

SUSPEND option, 4-11

ALTER TABLESPACE statement

BEGIN BACKUP option, 4-5, 4-9

END BACKUP option, 4-9

applications

errors

recovery after, 1-12

applying log files

SQL*Plus, 5-11

archived redo logs, 2-14, 2-23

ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE ALL statement, 1-19

applying during media recovery, 5-9, 5-12

automating application, 5-11

definition, 1-10

deleting after recovery, 5-7

displaying information, 2-16

enabling automatic archival, 2-20

errors during recovery, 5-14

location during recovery, 5-9

loss of, 6-11

multiplexing, 2-21

normal transmission of, 2-23

restoring to disk, 5-6

specifying destinations for, 2-21

standby transmission of, 2-23

status information, 2-4, 2-16

transmitting, 2-23

using for recovery

in non-default location, 5-10

ARCHIVELOG mode, 2-18

advantages, 2-19

archiving, 2-17

backup strategies when using, 3-5

datafile loss in, 6-3

definition of, 2-18

distributed databases, 3-9

overview, 1-11

running in, 2-18

strategies for backups in, 3-5

archiving

advantages, 2-17

after inconsistent closed backups, 1-19

after open backups, 1-19

ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE ALL statement, 1-19

disadvantages, 2-17

viewing information on, 2-4, 2-16

AS SELECT option

CREATE TABLE statement, 5-3

AUTORECOVERY option

SET statement, 5-11

avoiding dangerous backup techniques, 3-10

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B

backup and recovery

definition, 1-3

BACKUP CONTROLFILE clause

ALTER DATABASE statement, 1-19, 4-3

BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE clause

ALTER DATABASE statement, 4-3, 4-14

backup methods, 1-20, 1-22

comparison of, 1-22

backup strategy

overview, 1-12 to 1-23

backups

after OPEN RESETLOGS option, 3-8

after structural changes to database, 3-7

ARCHIVELOG mode in, 3-5

choosing a strategy, 3-4 to 3-11

closed, 4-4

consistent, 1-23, 4-3

whole database, 1-16

control file, 2-6, 2-8, 4-13

datafile, 1-15

DBVERIFY utility, 4-16

definition, 1-2

distributed databases, 3-9

ARCHIVELOG mode, 3-9

NOARCHIVELOG mode, 3-9

Export utility, 3-10

frequency, 1-23, 3-6

golden rule, 3-2

guidelines, 3-2 to 3-12

distributed database constraints, 3-9

Export utility, 3-10

frequency, 3-6

multiplexing files, 3-6

often-used tablespaces, 3-7

storing old backups, 3-8

structural changes, 3-7

testing strategies, 3-12

unrecoverable objects, 3-8

whole database backups after OPEN RESETLOGS, 3-8

importance, 1-12

inconsistent, 1-23, 4-3

closed database, 1-18

in NOARCHIVELOG mode, 1-18

whole database, 1-18

listing files needed, 4-2

logical, definition, 1-2

methods, 1-20

NOARCHIVELOG mode, in, 3-4

offline, 3-6

online, 3-6

online redo logs, 3-10

operating system, 1-22

physical, definition, 1-2

planning before database creation, 3-2

procedures, 4-3 to 4-20

offline datafiles, 4-12

offline tablespaces, 4-12

restoring whole database backup, 5-15

status

checking backup, 4-8

storing, 3-8

tablespace, 3-7, 4-8

techniques to avoid, 3-10

test strategies, 3-12

types, 1-13, 4-3 to 4-20

using Recovery Manager, 1-21

whole database, 1-13, 4-3

backup control files and, 1-17

preparing to take, 4-4

BEGIN BACKUP option

ALTER TABLESPACE statement, 4-5

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C

cancel-based media recovery

definition, 3-16

procedures, 5-22, 5-25, 5-28

change vectors

redo records, 1-9

change-based media recovery, 5-30

coordinated in distributed databases, 6-17

definition, 3-16

checkpoints

recorded in control file, 1-7

CLEAR LOGFILE clause

ALTER DATABASE statement, 6-9

clearing redo log files, 2-14

clone databases

exporting, 7-13

opening, 7-13

preparing for TSPITR, 7-11

preparing parameter files for, 7-10

recovering, 7-12

closed backups, 1-18

cold backups, 1-18

whole database backups, 4-3

commands, SQL

ALTER DATABASE, 5-6, 5-10, 5-12

commands, SQL*Plus

RECOVER, 5-8

UNTIL TIME option, 5-30

RECOVER DATAFILE, 5-8

RECOVER TABLESPACE, 5-8

SET, 5-6, 5-10, 5-11

complete export, 4-20

complete recovery

definition, 1-24, 3-16

procedures, 5-19

consistent backups

definition, 1-5, 1-23

whole database, 1-16, 4-4

control files, 2-3 to 2-6

backing up, 2-5, 4-3, 4-13

backing up to trace file, 4-14

contents, 1-7, 2-3

creating, 6-14

definition, 1-7

finding filenames, 4-3

incomplete recovery, 5-26

loss of, 6-12

all copies, 6-13

maintaining backups, 2-6, 2-8

mirrored, 2-8

loss of, 6-12

multiplexed, 2-6, 2-7, 2-8

number of, 2-8

overview, 1-7

purpose, 1-8

recovering from loss of, 2-8

restoring

to default location, 6-13

to non-default location, 6-13

setting the CONTROL_FILES initialization parameter, 2-8

time-based recovery, 5-28

updating, 2-5

CONTROL_FILES initialization parameter, 2-8, 4-3, 6-13

coordinated time-based recovery

distributed databases, 6-17

CREATE DATAFILE clause

ALTER DATABASE statement, 5-5

CREATE TABLE statement

AS SELECT option, 5-3

CREATE TABLESPACE statement, 6-3

cumulative export, 4-20

current redo log, 1-9

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D

data dictionary views, 4-6, 4-7, 4-12

database structures

datafiles, 1-6

online redo log, 1-9

overview, 1-6 to 1-11

physical, 1-6 to 1-11

redo log files, 1-9

rollback segments, 1-8

database writer process (DBWn), 1-7

databases

listing for backups, 4-2

media recovery procedures, 5-1 to 5-31

media recovery scenarios, 6-1

name stored in control file, 2-3

physical structure, 1-6 to 1-11

recovery

after control file damage, 6-13

after OPEN RESETLOGS option, 5-36

suspending, 4-9

whole database backups, 4-3

datafile headers

importance for recovery, 1-6

DATAFILE ONLINE option

ALTER DATABASE statement, 5-30

datafiles, 1-6

backing up, 1-15

offline, 4-12

checking backup status, 4-8

listing

for backup, 4-2

losing, 6-2

in ARCHIVELOG mode, 6-3

in NOARCHIVELOG mode, 6-2

named in control files, 2-3

overview, 1-6

recovery

without backup, 5-5

re-creating, 5-5

renaming

after recovery, 6-4

restoring

to default location, 5-5

usage, 1-7

viewing

backup status, 4-8

files needing recovery, 5-2

DBA_DATA_FILES view, 4-6, 4-7, 4-12

DBVERIFY utility, 4-16

disk failures, 1-13

distributed databases

backups, 3-9

change-based recovery, 6-17

coordinated time-based recovery, 6-17

media recovery and snapshots, 6-18

recovery, 6-16

taking backups, 3-9

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E

Export utility

backups, 3-10, 4-19

export types, 4-20

read consistency, 4-19

exports

complete, 4-20

cumulative, 4-20

incremental, 4-20

modes, 4-19

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F

failures

disk, 1-13

hardware, 1-12

instance, 1-13

media, 1-13

multiplexed online redo logs, 2-12

process, 1-12

statement, 1-12

system, 1-12

types, 1-12

user errors, 1-13

features, new

data corruption protection, x

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n parameter, xi

suspend/resume database operations, x

transportable tablespaces, xi

filenames

listing for backup, 4-2

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G

golden rule

of backup and recovery, 3-2

groups

archived redo log, 6-6, 6-7

online redo log, 6-6, 6-7

guidelines

backups

distributed database constraints, 3-9

Export utility, 3-10

frequency, 3-6

multiplexing files, 3-6

often-used tablespaces, 3-7

storing old backups, 3-8

structural changes, 3-7

testing strategies, 3-12

unrecoverable operations, 3-8

whole database backups after OPEN RESETLOGS, 3-8

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H

hardware failures, 1-12

hot backup mode

for online operating system backups, 4-6

hot backups, 3-6

inconsistent whole database backups, 1-18

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I

image copies

definition, 1-21

Import utility, 4-19

database recovery, 4-20

procedure for using, 4-20

inactive online redo log

loss of, 6-8

incomplete media recovery

change-based, 5-30

definition, 1-25, 3-16

in OPS configuration, 5-12

procedures for, 5-25

time-based, 5-28 to 5-30

using backup control file, 5-12

incomplete recovery

definition, 1-5

inconsistent backups

definition, 1-23

whole database

definition, 1-18

incremental export, 4-20

initialization parameters

CONTROL_FILES, 6-13

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST, 2-21, 5-6, 5-9, 5-27, 5-30

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n, 2-21, 5-6, 5-9

LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST, 2-21

LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT, 5-6, 5-9

RECOVERY_PARALLELISM, 5-19

instance failure, 1-12, 1-13

interrupting media recovery, 5-14

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L

log sequence numbers

requested during recovery, 5-9

log sequence recovery, 3-16

log switches

multiplexed redo log files and, 2-14

waiting for archiving to complete, 2-14

log writer process (LGWR)

multiplexed redo log files and, 2-13

trace files and, 2-13

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST initialization parameter, 5-6, 5-9, 5-27, 5-30

specifying destinations using, 2-21

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n initialization parameter, 2-21, 5-6, 5-9

LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST initialization parameter

specifying destinations using, 2-21

LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT initialization parameter, 5-6, 5-9

LOGSOURCE variable

SET statement, 5-6, 5-10

loss of

inactive log group, 6-8

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M

media failure

archived redo log file loss, 6-11

complete recovery, 5-19 to 5-25

control file loss, 6-12, 6-13

datafile loss, 6-2

definition, 1-13

description, 6-2

disk controller, 6-2

NOARCHIVELOG mode, 5-15

online redo log group loss, 6-7

online redo log loss, 6-5

online redo log member loss, 6-5

permanent, 6-2

recovery, 5-19 to 5-31

distributed databases, 6-16

recovery procedures

examples, 6-2

understanding types, 6-2

media recovery, 5-1 to 5-38

ADD DATAFILE operation, 6-3

after control file damage, 6-13

after OPEN RESETLOGS operation, 5-36

applying archived redo logs, 5-9

cancel-based, 3-16, 5-22, 5-25, 5-28

change-based, 3-16, 5-25, 5-30

complete, 1-24, 3-16, 5-19 to 5-25

completion of, 5-22, 5-24

datafiles

without backup, 5-5

deciding which files need recovery, 5-2

distributed databases, 6-16

coordinated time-based, 6-17

error messages, 5-14

errors with redo log files, 5-14

incomplete, 3-16, 5-25

definition, 1-25

interrupting, 5-14

log sequence recovery, 3-16

lost files

lost archived redo log files, 6-11

lost control files, 6-12

lost datafiles, 6-2

lost mirrored control files, 6-12

methods

choosing, 3-19

NOARCHIVELOG mode, 5-15

offline tablespaces in open database, 5-22

online redo log files, 6-5

opening database after, 5-34

overview, 1-24

restarting, 5-14

restoring

archived redo log files, 5-6

damaged files, 5-4

whole database backups, 5-15

resuming after interruption, 5-14

roll forward phase, 5-9

See also recovery

snapshots, 6-18

successfully applied redo logs, 5-14

SYSTEM tablespace, 5-22

time-based, 5-25

transportable tablespaces, 6-4

types

distributed databases, 6-16

undamaged tablespaces online, 5-22

unsuccessfully applied redo logs, 5-14

using Import utility, 4-20

mirrored files, 2-8

control files, 2-8

loss of, 6-12

online redo log, 2-13

loss of, 6-5

splitting, 4-9

suspend/resume mode, 4-9

mirroring

compared to multiplexing, 2-6

control files, 1-7

modes

ARCHIVELOG, 1-11

choosing between ARCHIVELOG and NOARCHIVELOG, 2-17

NOARCHIVELOG, 1-11

recovery from failure, 5-15

setting archiving, 2-20

MOUNT option

STARTUP statement, 5-27, 5-29

MTTR (mean time to recover), 1-7

multiplexing

archived redo logs, 2-21

compared to mirroring, 2-6

control files, 1-7, 2-6, 2-7, 2-8

redo log files, 2-12

groups, 2-13

multi-threaded recovery, 5-12

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N

new features

data corruption protection, x

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n parameter, xi

suspend/resume database operations, x

transportable tablespaces, xi

NOARCHIVELOG mode

archiving, 2-17

datafile loss in, 6-2

definition, 2-17

disadvantages, 5-15

distributed database backups, 3-9

inconsistent closed backups in, 1-18

overview, 1-11

recovery, 5-15

running in, 2-17

strategies for backups in, 3-4

NORESETLOGS option

ALTER DATABASE statement

backing up control file, 4-16

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O

offline backups, 3-6

online backups, 3-6

online redo logs, 1-4, 1-9, 6-8

active group, 6-6, 6-7

applying during media recovery, 5-9

archived group, 6-6, 6-7

backing up, 2-10, 3-10

clearing

failure, 6-9

clearing inactive logs

archived, 6-8

unarchived, 6-8

current group, 1-9, 6-6, 6-7

determining active logs, 6-7

inactive, 1-9

inactive group, 6-6, 6-7

listing log files for backup, 4-2

loss of

active group, 6-10

all members, 6-7

group, 6-7

mirrored members, 6-5

recovery, 6-5

multiple group loss, 6-11

multiplexed, 1-10

overview, 1-9

recorded in control file, 2-3

replacing damaged member, 6-6

responding to failures, 2-13

status of members, 6-6, 6-7

unintentional restore of, 3-10

operating system backups, 1-22, 4-3 to 4-21

ORA-01578 error message, 5-3

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P

parallel recovery, 5-19

partitioned tables

and dropped partitions, 7-18

and split partitions, 7-23

performing partial TSPITR, 7-15

performing backups after unrecoverable operations, 3-8

physical database structures, 1-6 to 1-11

point-in-time recovery

tablespace, 7-1 to 7-26

primary databases

preparing for use, 7-14

process failures, 1-12

definition, 1-12

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R

read consistency

Export utility, 4-19

read-only tablespaces

effect on recovery, 5-4

recovering, 5-4

RECOVER ... FROM option

ALTER DATABASE statement, 5-6, 5-10

RECOVER AUTOMATIC LOGFILE option

ALTER DATABASE statement, 5-13

RECOVER statement

DATABASE option, 5-8

DATAFILE option, 5-8

TABLESPACE option, 5-8

unrecoverable objects and standby databases, 5-3

UNTIL TIME option, 5-30

recovered tablespaces

backing up, 7-14

recovery

ADD DATAFILE operation, 6-3

after loss of control file, 2-8

automatically applying archived logs, 5-11

cancel-based, 5-22, 5-25, 5-28

change-based, 5-30

control files, 2-8, 6-12

datafiles, 6-2

ARCHIVELOG mode, 6-3

NOARCHIVELOG mode, 6-2

datafiles needing, 5-2

distributed databases

with snapshots, 6-18

dropped table, 6-15

Import utility, 4-20

media, 5-1, 6-1

complete, 3-16

incomplete, 3-16

methods, 1-27

multi-threaded, 5-12

online redo logs, 6-5

losing member, 6-5

loss of group, 6-7

parallel processes for, 5-19

read-only tablespaces, 5-4

See also media recovery

setting number of processes to use, 5-19

strategies

determining when media recovery is necessary, 3-18

time-based, 3-16, 5-28 to 5-30

transportable tablespaces, 6-4

user errors, 6-15

using logs in non-default location, 5-10

using Recovery Manager, 1-28

using SQL*Plus, 1-27

Recovery Manager

backups and copies, 1-21

See also Recovery Manager User's Guide and Reference

recovery sets

copying to primary database, 7-13

importing into primary database, 7-14

recovery strategy

overview, 1-24

RECOVERY_PARALLELISM initialization parameter, 5-19

redo log buffers, 1-4

redo logs, 1-9

"fuzzy" data in backups and, 3-6

archived, 2-17

advantages of, 2-14

contents of, 2-15

clearing, 2-14

files named in control file, 2-3

groups, 2-13

members, 2-13

inactive, 1-9

listing files for backup, 4-2

members, 2-13

mirrored

log switches and, 2-14

multiplexed, 2-12

diagrammed, 2-13

groups, 2-13

if all inaccessible, 2-14

if some members inaccessible, 2-14

purpose of, 1-10

naming, 5-9

overview, 1-9

redo records

change vectors, 1-9

definition, 1-9

redundancy set

definition, 1-20

RESETLOGS option

ALTER DATABASE statement, 5-16, 5-17, 5-34

backing up control file, 4-16

database backups after using, 3-8

multiple timelines for redo logs, 3-11

recovery of database after using, 5-36

restoring

archived redo logs, 5-6

backups, 5-4

of online redo logs, 3-10

control files

to default location, 6-13

to non-default location, 6-13

database

to default location, 5-15

to new location, 5-16

datafiles

to default location, 5-5

whole database backups, 5-15

RESUME option

ALTER SYSTEM statement, 4-11

resuming recovery after interruption, 5-14

rollback segments, 1-8

---

S

SCN (system change number), 1-7

definition, 1-10

use in control files, 1-8

use in distributed recovery, 6-18

SET statement

AUTORECOVERY option, 5-11

LOGSOURCE variable, 5-6, 5-10

SHUTDOWN statement

ABORT option, 4-7, 5-15, 5-16, 5-25, 6-13

consistent whole database backups, 1-17

snapshots

distributed database recovery, 6-18

media recovery and, 6-18

specifying destinations

for archived redo logs, 2-21

splitting mirrors

suspend/resume mode, 4-9

SQL statements

applying log files, 5-12

for recovering tablespace, 5-12

SQL*Plus

applying log files, 5-11

STARTUP statement

MOUNT option, 5-27, 5-29

statement failures, 1-12

definition, 1-12

strategies

backup, 3-4 to 3-11

ARCHIVELOG mode, 3-5

NOARCHIVELOG mode, 3-4

recovery

determining when media recovery is necessary, 3-18

SUSPEND option

ALTER SYSTEM statement, 4-11

suspending a database, 4-9

suspend/resume mode, 4-9

system change number. See SCN

system failures, 1-12

SYSTEM tablespace

recovery of, 5-22

system time

changing

effect on recovery, 5-25

---

T

tables

recovery of dropped, 6-15

tablespace point-in-time recovery, 7-25

advantages, 7-2

clone database, 7-4

different methods, 7-25

introduction, 7-2

limitations, 7-5

methods, 7-3

O/S, 7-3

performing, 7-1 to 7-26

planning for, 7-4

preparing, 7-6

procedures for using transportable tablespace feature, 7-26

requirements, 7-6

restrictions, 7-5

terminology, 7-4

transportable tablespace method, 7-3, 7-25

tuning considerations, 7-23

backup control files, 7-24

recovery set location, 7-23

tablespaces

backing up, 3-7, 4-8

frequency, 3-7

offline, 4-12

online, 4-8

read-only

backing up, 4-7

effect on recovery, 5-4

recovery, 5-4

read-write

backing up, 4-6

recovering offline in open database, 5-22

testing

backup strategies, 3-12

time format

RECOVER DATABASE UNTIL TIME statement, 5-30

time-based recovery, 5-28 to 5-30

coordinated in distributed databases, 6-17

definition, 3-16

trace files

backing up control file, 4-14

control file backups to, 4-14

log writer process and, 2-13

transactions

how Oracle records, 1-4

rollback, 1-8

uncommitted, 1-8

transmitting archived redo logs, 2-23

in normal transmission mode, 2-23

transportable tablespaces

recovery, 6-4

TSPITR and, 7-3

---

U

unrecoverable objects

and RECOVER operation, 5-3

recovery

unrecoverable objects and, 5-3

unrecoverable operations

performing backups after, 3-8

UNTIL TIME option

RECOVER statement, 5-30

user errors

database failures, 1-13

definition, 1-12

recovery from, 6-15

USER_DUMP_DEST initialization parameter, 4-14

USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE option

RECOVER statement, 5-27

---

V

V$ARCHIVE view, 2-16

V$BACKUP view, 4-8

V$CONTROLFILE view, 2-4

V$DATABASE view, 2-4, 2-16

V$DATAFILE view, 4-2, 5-30

listing files for backups, 4-2

V$LOG view, 2-16

displaying archiving status, 2-11, 2-16

V$LOG_HISTORY view

listing all archived logs, 5-6

V$LOGFILE view, 6-6, 6-7

displaying information about online logs, 2-11

listing files for backups, 4-2

listing online redo logs, 4-2

V$RECOVER_FILE view, 1-27, 5-2

determining which files to recover, 3-15

V$RECOVERY_LOG view

listing logs needed for recovery, 5-6

V$TABLESPACE view, 4-2

views

data dictionary, 4-6, 4-7, 4-12

---

W

warning

archiving mode for first backup, 3-5

consistency and Export backups, 4-19

whole database backups, 4-3

ARCHIVELOG mode, 4-3

consistent, 1-16

backup control files and, 1-17

using SHUTDOWN ABORT statement, 1-17

definition, 1-13

inconsistent, 1-18, 4-3

NOARCHIVELOG mode, 4-3

preparing to take, 4-4

restoring from, 5-15