Managing Oracle ASM with ASMCMD

10 Managing Oracle ASM with ASMCMD

Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) Command-Line Utility (ASMCMD) provides commands for managing Oracle ASM.

This chapter describes the Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) Command-Line Utility (ASMCMD). This chapter contains the following topics:

Note:

Oracle does not recommend using identifiers for Oracle Database object names that must be quoted. While the use of quoted identifiers may be valid as names in some command-line tools or in SQL statements, such as CREATE DISKGROUP "1DATA", the names may not be valid when using other tools that manage the object. For more information about naming Oracle Database objects, refer to Oracle Database SQL Language Reference.

About ASMCMD

ASMCMD is a command-line utility that you can use to manage Oracle ASM instances, disk groups, file access control for disk groups, files and directories within disk groups, templates for disk groups, and volumes.

You can run the ASMCMD utility in either interactive or noninteractive mode.

This section contains the following topics:

Types of ASMCMD Commands

The types of ASMCMD commands are listed in the table.

Table 10-1 Types of ASMCMD commands

Category	Commands
Oracle ASM instance management	For a list of commands, refer to ASMCMD Instance Management Commands
Oracle ASM client cluster	For a list of commands, refer to ASMCMD Member Cluster Management Commands
Oracle ASM file management	For a list of commands, refer to ASMCMD File Management Commands
Oracle ASM disk group management	For a list of commands, refer to ASMCMD Disk Group Management Commands
Oracle ASM file group management	For a list of commands, refer to ASMCMD File Group Management Commands
Oracle ASM template management	For a list of commands, refer to ASMCMD Template Management Commands
Oracle ASM file access control	For a list of commands, refer to ASMCMD File Access Control Commands

About Oracle ASM Files, File Names, Directories, and Aliases

ASMCMD works with Oracle ASM files, directories, and aliases. Before using ASMCMD, you should understand how these common computing concepts apply to the Oracle ASM environment.

This section contains the following topics:

System-Generated File Name or Fully Qualified File Name

Every file created in Oracle ASM gets a system-generated file name, otherwise known as a fully qualified file name. This is similar to a complete path name in a local file system.

Oracle ASM generates file names according to the following scheme:

+diskGroupName/databaseName/fileType/fileTypeTag.fileNumber.incarnation

An example of a fully qualified file name is the following:

+data/orcl/CONTROLFILE/Current.256.541956473

In the previous fully qualified file name, data is the disk group name, orcl is the database name, CONTROLFILE is the file type, and so on.

Only the slash (/) is supported by ASMCMD. File Names are not case sensitive, but are case retentive. If you type a path name as lowercase, ASMCMD retains the lowercase.

For more information about Oracle ASM file names, refer to Fully Qualified File Name Form.

Alias

Aliases are file names that are references or pointers to system-generated file names. However, aliases are user-friendly names. Aliases are similar to symbolic links in UNIX or Linux computers. You can create aliases to simplify Oracle ASM file name administration. You can create aliases with the mkalias ASMCMD command or a SQL ALTER DISKGROUP command.

An alias has at a minimum the disk group name as part of its complete path. You can create aliases at the disk group level or in any system-generated or user-created subdirectory. The following are examples of aliases:

+data/ctl1.f
+data/orcl/ctl1.f
+data/mydir/ctl1.f

If you run the ASMCMD ls (list directory) with the -l flag, each alias is listed with the system-generated file to which the alias refers.

ctl1.f => +data/orcl/CONTROLFILE/Current.256.541956473

For more information about aliases, refer to Alias Oracle ASM File Name Forms.

Absolute Path and Relative Path

When you run an ASMCMD command that accepts a file name or directory name as an argument, you can use the name as either an absolute path or a relative path.

An absolute path refers to the full path of a file or directory. An absolute path begins with a plus sign (+) followed by a disk group name, followed by subsequent directories in the directory tree. The absolute path includes directories until the file or directory of interest is reached. A complete system-generated file name, otherwise known as the fully qualified file name, is an example of an absolute path to a file.

Using an absolute path enables the command to access the file or directory regardless of where the current directory is set. The following rm command uses an absolute path for the file name:

ASMCMD [+] > rm +data/orcl/datafile/users.259.555341963

The following cd command uses an absolute path to the directory.

ASMCMD [+data/mydir] > cd +data/orcl/CONTROLFILE

A relative path includes only the part of the file name or directory name that is not part of the current directory. That is, the path to the file or directory is relative to the current directory.

In the following example, the rm command operates on the file undotbs1.272.557429239, which in this case is a relative path. ASMCMD appends the current directory to the command argument to obtain the absolute path to the file. In this example this is +data/orcl/DATAFILE/undotbs1.272.557429239.

ASMCMD [+] > cd +data
ASMCMD [+data] > cd orcl/DATAFILE
ASMCMD [+data/orcl/DATAFILE] > ls
EXAMPLE.269.555342243
SYSAUX.257.555341961
SYSTEM.256.555341961
UNDOTBS1.258.555341963
UNDOTBS1.272.557429239
USERS.259.555341963
ASMCMD [+data/orcl/DATAFILE] >
 rm undotbs1.272.557429239

Paths to directories can also be relative. You can go up or down the hierarchy of the current directory tree branch by providing a directory argument to the cd command whose path is relative to the current directory.

In addition, you can use the pseudo-directories "." and ".." rather than a directory name. The "." pseudo-directory is the current directory. The ".." pseudo-directory is the parent directory of the current directory.

The following example demonstrates how to use relative directory paths and pseudo-directories:

ASMCMD [+data/orcl] > cd DATAFILE
ASMCMD [+data/orcl/DATAFILE] >cd ..
ASMCMD [+data/orcl] >

Wildcard Characters

The wildcard characters * and % match zero or more characters anywhere within an absolute or relative path, which saves typing of the full directory or file name. The two wildcard characters behave identically. There are various ASMCMD commands that accept wildcards, such as cd, du, find, ls, lsattr, lsdg, lsdsk, lsgrp, lsusr, and rm.

If a wildcard pattern matches only one directory when using wildcard characters with cd, then cd changes the directory to that destination. If the wildcard pattern matches multiple directories, then ASMCMD does not change the directory but instead returns an error.

If you are running ASMCMD commands in noninteractive mode, then with most operating systems you must enclose the wildcard characters in quotes. For more information, refer to Running ASMCMD in Noninteractive Mode.

Example 10-1 illustrates the use of wildcards.

Example 10-1 Using wildcards with ASMCMD commands

ASMCMD [+] > cd +data/orcl/*FILE
ASMCMD-08005: +data/orcl/*FILE: ambiguous

ASMCMD [+] > cd +data/orcl/C*
ASMCMD [+data/orcl/CONTROLFILE] >

ASMCMD [+] > ls +fra/orcl/A%
2009_07_13/
2009_07_14/

ASMCMD [+] >  ls +fra/orcl/ARCHIVELOG/2009%

+fra/orcl/ARCHIVELOG/2009_07_13/:
thread_1_seq_3.260.692103543
thread_1_seq_4.261.692108897
thread_1_seq_5.262.692125993
thread_1_seq_6.263.692140729
thread_1_seq_7.264.692143333
 
+fra/orcl/ARCHIVELOG/2009_07_14/:
thread_1_seq_8.271.692158265
thread_1_seq_9.272.692174597

ASMCMD [+] > ls data/orcl/*

+data/orcl/CONTROLFILE/:
Current.260.692103157

+data/orcl/DATAFILE/:
EXAMPLE.265.692103187
SYSAUX.257.692103045
SYSTEM.256.692103045
UNDOTBS1.258.692103045
USERS.259.692103045

+data/orcl/ONLINELOG/:
group_1.261.692103161
group_2.262.692103165
group_3.263.692103169

+data/orcl/PARAMETERFILE/:
spfile.266.692103315

+data/orcl/TEMPFILE/:
TEMP.264.692103181
spfileorcl.ora

Preparing to Run ASMCMD

You should review the information in this topic before running the ASMCMD utility.

You can run the ASMCMD utility in either interactive or noninteractive mode. Before running ASMCMD, review the items in the following list.

Log in to the host which contains the Oracle ASM instance that you plan to administer.

You must log in as a user that has SYSASM or SYSDBA privileges through operating system authentication. The SYSASM privilege is the required connection to administer the Oracle ASM instance.
To connect to the Oracle ASM instance, run ASMCMD that is located in the bin subdirectory of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home (Oracle ASM home).

Connect as SYSASM, the default connection, to administer an Oracle ASM instance.

Ensure that the ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID environment variables to refer to the Oracle ASM instance. Depending on your operating system, you might have to set other environment variables to properly connect to the Oracle ASM instance.

Ensure that the bin subdirectory of your Oracle Grid Infrastructure home is in your PATH environment variable.

The default value of the Oracle ASM SID for a single-instance database is +ASM. In Oracle Real Application Clusters environments, the default value of the Oracle ASM SID on any node is +ASMnode#.
To use most of the ASMCMD commands, ensure that the Oracle ASM instance is started and the Oracle ASM disk groups are mounted.

If the Oracle ASM instance is not running, ASMCMD runs only those commands that do not require an Oracle ASM instance. The commands include startup, shutdown, lsdsk, help, and exit. If you attempt to run other ASMCMD commands, an error message displays.
You can connect to the database instance as SYSDBA by running ASMCMD that is located in the bin directory of the Oracle Database home.

Ensure that the ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID environment variables to refer to the database instance. Depending on your operating system, you might have to set other environment variables to properly connect to the database instance.

You must include the --privilege option to connect as SYSDBA.

With this connection, there is a limited set of operations that can be run.

When administering disk groups, Oracle recommends that you run ASMCMD from the database home of the database instance that is the owner of the files in the disk group.

See Also:

Authentication for Accessing Oracle ASM Instances for more information about authentication for accessing Oracle ASM instances
Specifying the Type of Connection for more information about specifying connection options
The SYSDBA Privilege for Managing Oracle ASM Components for more information about permissions and connections
Oracle Database Administrator’s Guide for more information about setting environment variables
Oracle Database Administrator’s Guide for information about operating system authentication

Running ASMCMD in Interactive Mode

The interactive mode of the ASMCMD utility provides a shell-like environment where you are prompted to enter ASMCMD commands.

This section contains the following topics:

Syntax for Starting ASMCMD

The syntax for starting ASMCMD in interactive mode is:

asmcmd [-V]
asmcmd [--nocp] [-v {errors|warnings|normal|info|debug}]
       [--privilege connection_type ] [-p]
       [--inst instance_name] [--discover]

Table 10-2 summarizes the ASMCMD options.

Table 10-2 ASMCMD interactive options

Option	Description
-`V`	Displays the version of ASMCMD and then exits.
`--nocp`	Disables connection pooling. For information about connection pooling, refer to Oracle Database Administrator's Guide.
`-v` `display_level`	Displays additional information with some commands to help users diagnose problems and writes to a message file when logging is required. `normal` is the default if the display level is not specified.
`--privilege connection_type`	Specifies the privilege to connect as when accessing an Oracle ASM or database instance. Can be either `SYSASM` or `SYSDBA`. The default is `SYSASM` and is used when administering the Oracle ASM instance.
`-p`	Displays the current directory in the prompt.
`--inst instance_name`	Specifies to connect to a specific Oracle ASM instance.
`--discover`	Uses the discovery string obtained from listener, not from the `ORACLE_SID` environmental variable.

The ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID environment variables determine the instance to which ASMCMD connects. ASMCMD establishes a bequeath connection in the same manner as SQLPLUS / AS SYSASM which requires the user to be a member of the OSASM group.

When Oracle Flex ASM is enabled, ASMCMD connects to any one of the Oracle ASM instances running in the cluster. The connection to the Oracle ASM instance does not depend on the ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID environment variables. The ASMCMD alert log shows which instance ASMCMD is connected to. If you want to connect to a specific Oracle ASM instance, then use the --inst option.

ASMCMD can be started with multiple options. For example:

asmcmd -p -v info

For the majority of the examples in this chapter, ASMCMD was started with the -p option.

Running ASMCMD without Any Options

To run ASMCMD in interactive mode without any options:

Enter the following at the operating system command prompt:

asmcmd

Oracle displays an ASMCMD command prompt as follows:

ASMCMD>
Enter an ASMCMD command and press Enter. The command runs and displays its output, if any, and then ASMCMD prompts for the next command.
Continue entering ASMCMD commands until you have completed the tasks.
Enter the exit or quit command to exit ASMCMD.

Specifying the Type of Connection

You can specify the --privilege option to choose the type of connection, either SYSASM or SYSDBA. The default value is SYSASM and is used when administering an Oracle ASM instance. Connect as SYSDBA when connecting to the database instance.

For example:

$ asmcmd --privilege sysasm

Specifying the Verbose Mode

You can specify the -v option with the asmcmd command to display additional information with some commands to help users diagnose problems as shown in the following example:

$ asmcmd -v debug

When there is a message that must be logged during asmcmd operations, the message is written to the alert.log file or the trace.trc file.

The alert.log file is created or updated when asmcmd is started with the -v errors, -v warnings, or -v normal display level. The trace.trc file is created or updated when asmcmd is started with the -v info or -v debug display level.

By default, the alert.log is file created in the $ORACLE_BASE/diag/asmcmd/user_username/hostname/alert/ directory. By default, the trace.trc file is created in the $ORACLE_BASE/diag/asmcmd/user_username/hostname/trace/ directory.

Under certain circumstances, $ORACLE_BASE and $ORACLE_HOME can be set to override the default locations of the alert.log and trace.trc files.

Including the Current Directory in the ASMCMD Prompt

You can specify the -p option with the asmcmd command to include the current directory in the ASMCMD prompt as shown in the following example:

$ asmcmd -p
ASMCMD [+] > cd data
ASMCMD [+data] >

Displaying the ASMCMD Version Number

You can specify the -V option when starting asmcmd to display the asmcmd version number. After displaying the version number, asmcmd immediately exits.

For example:

$ asmcmd -V
  asmcmd version 19.0.0.0.0

Running ASMCMD in Noninteractive Mode

In noninteractive mode, you run a single ASMCMD command by including the command and command options on the command line when invoking ASMCMD. ASMCMD runs the command, generates output if any, and then exits. The noninteractive mode is especially useful for running scripts.

On most operating systems, wildcard characters must be enclosed in quotes when running ASMCMD commands in noninteractive mode.

To run ASMCMD in noninteractive mode where command is any valid ASMCMD command and options is a list of command options, at the command prompt enter the following:

asmcmd command options

In noninteractive mode, ASMCMD returns the codes listed in Table 10-3.

Table 10-3 ASMCMD return codes

Type	Return Code	Description
General	0	No issues for the command.
General	1	Internal error.
General	255 or -1	External user error as returned by a command.
`lsdsk`	0	Results include member disks only.
`lsdsk`	1	Results include candidate disks only.
`lsdsk`	2	Results include both member and candidate disks.

Example 10-2 shows how to run ASMCMD in the noninteractive mode. The first command runs the ls command to list the disk groups for the Oracle ASM instance. The second command redirects the output of the lsod command to the my_lsod_test file. The third command runs lsdsk using a pattern with a wildcard character to list specific disks in the data disk group. Note that wildcard characters must be enclosed in quotes when running ASMCMD in noninteractive mode on most operating systems.

Example 10-3 raises an error with an incorrect disk group name and the return code equal (255) is displayed.

Example 10-4 shows an example of ASMCMD commands run in noninteractive mode inside a script.

Example 10-2 Running ASMCMD commands in noninteractive mode

$ asmcmd ls -l
State    Type    Rebal  Name
MOUNTED  NORMAL  N      DATA/
MOUNTED  NORMAL  N      FRA/

$ asmcmd lsod --suppressheader -G data > my_lsod_test

$ asmcmd lsdsk -G data '/devices/diska*'
Path
/devices/diska1
/devices/diska2
/devices/diska3

Example 10-3 Displaying a return code when running ASMCMD in noninteractive mode

$ asmcmd ls -l dat
ASMCMD-08001: diskgroup 'dat' does not exist or is not mounted

$ echo $?
255

Example 10-4 Running ASMCMD commands in a script

#!/bin/sh
for ((i = 1; i <=3; i++))
 do
   asmcmd lsdsk -G data '/devices/diska'$i
done

$ ./asmcmd_test_script
Path
/devices/diska1
Path
/devices/diska2
Path
/devices/diska3

Getting Help

Type help at the ASMCMD prompt or as a command in noninteractive mode to view general information about ASMCMD and a list of available ASMCMD commands.

You can type help command to display help text for a specific command, including usage information about how to run the command with its options.

The following is an example of the use of the help command.

Example 10-5 Displaying ASMCMD help text

ASMCMD [+] > help startup
        startup [--nomount] [--restrict] [--pfile <pfile.ora>]
 
        Start the ASM instance.
 
        [--nomount]           specifies the nomount option.
        [--restrict]          start the instance in restricted mode.
        [--pfile <pfile.ora>] specifies the location of the pfile.

ASMCMD Instance Management Commands

This topic provides a summary of the ASMCMD instance management commands.

Some commands in this section affect the Grid Plug and Play (GPnP) profile, which is a resource in a clustered configuration. In an Oracle Restart configuration, the profile is actually located in a resource attribute, not the Grid Plug and Play (GPnP) profile. However, the functionality of the commands is the same for both configurations.

Note:

After a change has been made to the location of the password file, the following SQL statement should be executed to flush the password file metadata cache.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH PASSWORDFILE_METADATA_CACHE

The location of the password file can be changed by running orapwd, or the ASMCMD pwcopy, pwcreate, pwdelete, pwmove, or pwset command.

See Also:

Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation and Upgrade Guide for your operating system for information about installing and configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure

Table 10-4lists the Oracle ASM instance management commands with brief descriptions.

Table 10-4 Summary of ASMCMD instance management commands

Command	Description
dsget	Retrieves the discovery diskstring value that is used by the Oracle ASM instance and its clients.
dsset	Sets the disk discovery diskstring value that is used by the Oracle ASM instance and its clients.
lsct	Lists information about current Oracle ASM clients.
lsop	Lists the current operations on a disk group or Oracle ASM instance.
lspwusr	Lists the users from an Oracle ASM password file.
orapwusr	Adds, drops, or changes an Oracle ASM password user.
pwcopy	Copies a password file to the specified location.
pwcreate	Creates a password file at the specified location.
pwdelete	Deletes a password file at the specified location.
pwget	Returns the location of the password file.
pwmove	Moves the location of the password file.
pwset	Sets the location of the password file.
showclustermode	Displays the current mode of the Oracle ASM cluster.
showclusterstate	Displays the current state of the cluster.
showpatches	Lists the patches applied to the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home.
showversion	Displays the Oracle ASM cluster release and software patch levels.
shutdown	Shuts down an instance.
spbackup	Backs up an Oracle ASM SPFILE.
spcopy	Copies an Oracle ASM SPFILE.
spget	Retrieves the location of the Oracle ASM SPFILE.
spmove	Moves an Oracle ASM SPFILE.
spset	Sets the location of the Oracle ASM SPFILE.
startup	Starts up an instance.

dsget

Purpose

Retrieves the discovery diskstring value that is used by the Oracle ASM instance and its clients.

Syntax and Description

dsget [ --normal | --parameter | --profile [-f] ]

The syntax options for the dsget command are described in Table 10-5.

Table 10-5 Options for the dsget command

Option	Description
`--normal`	Retrieves the discovery string from the Grid Plug and Play (GPnP) profile and the one that is set in the Oracle ASM instance. It returns one row each for the profile and parameter setting. This is the default setting.
`--parameter`	Retrieves the `ASM_DISKSTRING` parameter setting of the Oracle ASM instance.
`--profile` [`-f`]	Retrieves the discovery string from the GPnP profile. If `-f` is specified with `--profile`, `dsget` retrieves the discovery string from the local GPnP profile.

Example

The following example uses dsget to retrieve the current discovery diskstring value from the GPnP profile and the ASM_DISKSTRING parameter.

Example 10-6 Using the ASMCMD dsget command

ASMCMD [+] > dsget
profile: /devices1/disk*
parameter: /devices2/disk*

dsset

Purpose

Sets the discovery diskstring value that is used by the Oracle ASM instance and its clients.

The specified diskstring must be valid for existing mounted disk groups. The updated value takes effect immediately.

Syntax and Description

dsset [ --normal | --parameter | --profile [-f] ] diskstring

The syntax options for the dsset command are described in Table 10-6.

Table 10-6 Options for the dsset command

Option	Description
`--normal`	Sets the discovery string in the Grid Plug and Play (GPnP) profile and in the Oracle ASM instance. The update occurs after the Oracle ASM instance has successfully validated that the specified discovery string has discovered all the necessary disk groups and voting files. This command fails if the instance is not using a server parameter file (SPFILE). This is the default setting.
`--parameter`	Specifies that the diskstring is updated in memory after validating that the discovery diskstring discovers all the current mounted disk groups and voting files. The diskstring is not persistently recorded in either the SPFILE or the GPnP profile.
`--profile` [`-f`]	Specifies the discovery diskstring that is pushed to the GPnP profile without any validation by the Oracle ASM instance, ensuring that the instance can discover all the required disk groups. The update is guaranteed to be propagated to all the nodes that are part of the cluster. If `-f` is specified with `--profile`, the specified diskstring is pushed to the local GPnP profile without any synchronization with other nodes in the cluster. This command option updates only the local profile file. This option should only be used for recovery. The command fails if the Oracle Clusterware stack is running.
`diskstring`	Specifies the value for the discovery diskstring.

For information about disk discovery and the discovery diskstring, see Oracle ASM Disk Discovery.

Example

The following example uses dsset to set the current value of the discovery diskstring in the GPnP profile.

Example 10-7 Using the ASMCMD dsset command

ASMCMD [+] > dsset /devices1/disk*,/devices2/disk*

lsct

Purpose

Lists information about current Oracle ASM clients from the V$ASM_CLIENT view. A client, such as Oracle Database or Oracle ASM Dynamic Volume Manager (Oracle ADVM), uses disk groups that are managed by the Oracle ASM instance to which ASMCMD is currently connected.

Syntax and Description

lsct [--suppressheader] [-g] disk_group

The following table lists the options for the lsct command.

Table 10-7 Options for the lsct command

Option	Description
`-g`	Selects from the `GV$ASM_CLIENT` view. `GV$ASM_CLIENT.INST_ID` is included in the output.
`--suppressheader`	Suppresses column headings.
`disk_group`	Specifies the disk group.

Client information is only listed for the specified disk group.

Example

The following example displays information about the clients that are accessing the data disk group.

Example 10-8 Using the ASMCMD lsct command

ASMCMD [+] > lsct data
DB_Name  Status    Software_Version  Compatible_version  Instance_Name  Disk_Group
+ASM     CONNECTED       19.0.0.0.0          19.0.0.0.0  +ASM           DATA
asmvol   CONNECTED       19.0.0.0.0          19.0.0.0.0  +ASM           DATA
orcl     CONNECTED       19.0.0.0.0          19.0.0.0.0  orcl           DATA

lsop

Purpose

Lists the current operations on a disk group in an Oracle ASM instance.

Syntax and Description

lsop

lsop displays information from the V$ASM_OPERATION view.

Example

The following are examples of the lsop command. The examples list operations on the disk groups of the current Oracle ASM instance.

Example 10-9 Using the ASMCMD lsop command

ASMCMD [+] > lsop
Group_Name  Dsk_Num  State  Power
DATA        REBAL    WAIT   2   

ASMCMD [+] > lsop
Group_Name  Dsk_Num  State  Power  
FRA         REBAL    REAP   3

lspwusr

Purpose

List the users from the local Oracle ASM password file.

Syntax and Description

lspwusr [--suppressheader]

Table 10-8 lists the options for the lspwusr command.

Table 10-8 Options for the lspwusr command

Option	Description
`--suppressheader`	Suppresses column headers from the output.

Examples

The following is an example of the lspwusr example. The example lists the current users in the local Oracle ASM password file.

Example 10-10 Using the ASMCMD lspwusr command

ASMCMD [+] > lspwusr
Username sysdba sysoper sysasm 
     SYS   TRUE    TRUE   TRUE 
 ASMSNMP   TRUE   FALSE  FALSE

orapwusr

Purpose

Add, drop, or modify an Oracle ASM password file user.

Syntax and Description

orapwusr { --add | --modify | --delete | grant {sysasm|sysdba|sysoper} | 
           --revoke {sysasm|sysdba|sysoper} } user

Table 10-9 lists the options for the orapwusr command.

Table 10-9 Options for the orapwusr command

Option	Description
`--add`	Adds a user to the password file. Also prompts for a password.
`--modify`	Changes the password for the specified user.
`--delete`	Drops a user from the password file.
`--grant` `role`	Sets the role for the user. The options are `sysasm`, `sysdba`, and `sysoper`.
`--revoke` `role`	Removes the role for the user. The options are `sysasm`, `sysdba`, and `sysoper`.
`user`	Name of the user to add, drop, or modify.

orapwusr attempts to update passwords on all nodes in a cluster. This command requires the SYSASM privilege to run. A user logged in as SYSDBA cannot change its password using this command.

Examples

The following is an example of the orapwusr command. This example adds the hruser to the Oracle ASM password file.

Example 10-11 Using the ASMCMD orapwusr command

ASMCMD [+] > orapwusr --add hruser

pwcopy

Purpose

Copies an Oracle ASM or database instance password file to the specified location.

Syntax and Description

pwcopy [--asm |--dbuniquename string] source  destination [-f]

Table 10-10 lists the options for the pwcopy command.

Table 10-10 Options for the pwcopy command

Option	Description
`--asm`	The `--asm` option associates the password file with the Oracle ASM instance that ASMCMD is logged into.
`--dbuniquename` `string`	The `--dbuniquename` `string` option identifies the database unique name associated with the password file.
`source`	The `source` value identifies the location where the existing password file is located.
`destination`	The `destination` value identifies the location where you want to copy the password file.
`-f`	The `—f` option enables the password file to be copied without any checks.

pwcopy copies a password file from one disk group to another, from the operating system to a disk group, or from a disk group to the operating system. If the —f option is specified, then the password file can be copied to the same disk group.

Either –-asm or --dbuniquename is required to identify a CRSD resource. When either –-asm or --dbuniquename is included in the pwcopy command, the target file is set to the current password file.

The compatible.asm disk group attribute must be set to 12.1 or higher for the disk group where the password is to be copied.

The SYSASM or SYSDBA privilege is required to manage the Oracle ASM and database password files.

Example

The following example copies an Oracle ASM password file in one disk group to a different disk group. Because the pwcopy command includes the --asm option, the target file (+fra/orapwasm_new) is set to the current password file.

Example 10-12 Using the ASMCMD pwcopy command

ASMCMD [+] > pwcopy --asm +DATA/orapwasm +FRA/orapwasm_new
copying +DATA/orapwasm -> +FRA/orapwasm_new

pwcreate

Purpose

Note:

Do not use pwcreate to create a new Oracle ASM password file when Oracle ASM is configured in a cluster. If the Oracle ASM password file is inaccessible in a cluster configuration, you must restore the password file using an available backup rather than create a new file. For articles about recreating a shared Oracle ASM password file in a cluster, such as document 1929673.1, refer to articles at My Oracle Support (https://support.oracle.com).

Creates an Oracle ASM or Oracle Database instance password file at the specified location.

Syntax and Description

pwcreate { --asm  |--dbuniquename string } [-f] [--format format] file_path [sys_password]

Table 10-11 lists the options for the pwcreate command.

Table 10-11 Options for the pwcreate command

Option	Description
`--asm`	Associates the password file with the Oracle ASM instance that ASMCMD is logged into.
`--dbuniquename` `string`	Specifies the Oracle Database unique name associated with the password file.
`-f`	Forces a deletion of the existing password file and creates a new password file.
`--format` `format`	Specifies the format in which the password is created. Values are `12` and `12.2`. If not specified, then `12.2` is the default value.
`file_path`	Specifies the location where the password file is created.
`sys_password`	Specifies the initial `SYS` password. If this option is omitted, then the you are prompted for the password.

pwcreate creates a password file in the disk group specified by file_path . The initial SYS password is specified by sys_password.

Either –-asm or --dbuniquename is required. The compatible.asm disk group attribute must be set to 12.1 or higher for the disk group where the password is to be located.

The SYSASM or SYSDBA privilege is required to manage the Oracle ASM and database password files.

For additional information, refer to Managing a Shared Password File in a Disk Group.

Example

The following example creates an Oracle Database password file in an Oracle ASM disk group.

Example 10-13 Using the ASMCMD pwcreate command

ASMCMD [+] > pwcreate –-dbuniquename orcl '+data/ORCL/orapwdb'
Enter password for SYS:

pwdelete

Purpose

Deletes an Oracle ASM or database instance password file.

Syntax and Description

pwdelete { --asm |--dbuniquename string | file_path }

Table 10-12 lists the options for the pwdelete command.

Table 10-12 Options for the pwdelete command

Option	Description
`--asm`	The `--asm` option associates the password file with the Oracle ASM instance that ASMCMD is logged into.
`--dbuniquename` `string`	The `--dbuniquename` `string` option identifies the database unique name associated with the password file.
`file_path`	The `file_path` value identifies the location where the password file is located.

pwdelete deletes the specified password file. Either –-asm or --dbuniquename is required to identify a CRSD resource and to remove the password location from the CRSD resource.

The SYSASM or SYSDBA privilege is required to manage the Oracle ASM and database password files.

Example

The following example deletes the specified password file from a disk group.

Example 10-14 Using the ASMCMD pwdelete command

ASMCMD [+] > pwdelete +FRA/orapwasm_bak

pwget

Purpose

Returns the location of the password file for the Oracle ASM or database instance.

Syntax and Description

pwget { --asm | --dbuniquename string }

Table 10-13 lists the options for the pwget command.

Table 10-13 Options for the pwget command

Option	Description
`--asm`	The `--asm` option associates the password file with the Oracle ASM instance that ASMCMD is logged into.
`--dbuniquename` `string`	The `--dbuniquename` `string` option identifies the database unique name associated with the password file.

pwget returns the location of the password file for the Oracle ASM instance identified by –-asm or the database instance identified by --dbuniquename.

The SYSASM or SYSDBA privilege is required to manage the Oracle ASM and database password files.

Example

The following example returns the location of the Oracle ASM password file.

Example 10-15 Using the ASMCMD pwget command

ASMCMD [+] > pwget --asm
+DATA/orapwasm

pwmove

Purpose

Moves an Oracle ASM or database instance password file to the specified location.

Syntax and Description

pwmove { --asm | --dbuniquename string } source  destination [-f]

Table 10-14 lists the options for the pwmove command.

Table 10-14 Options for the pwmove command

Option	Description
`--asm`	The `--asm` option associates the password file with the Oracle ASM instance that ASMCMD is logged into.
`--dbuniquename` `string`	The `--dbuniquename` `string` option identifies the database unique name associated with the password file.
`source`	The `source` value identifies the location where the existing password file is located.
`destination`	The `destination` value identifies the location where you want to move the password file.
`-f`	The `—f` option clears the password file for any associated resource and the new file is registered.

pwmove moves a password file from one disk group to another, from the operating system to a disk group, or from a disk group to the operating system. If the —f option is specified, then a password file can be moved to a file in the same disk group.

Either –-asm or --dbuniquename is required to identify a CRSD resource.

The compatible.asm disk group attribute must be set to 12.1 or higher for the disk group where the password is to be moved.

The SYSASM or SYSDBA privilege is required to manage the Oracle ASM and database password files.

Example

The following example moves a password file from one disk group to another disk group.

Example 10-16 Using the ASMCMD pwmove command

ASMCMD [+] > pwmove --asm +FRA/orapwasm_bak +DATA/orapwasm
moving +FRA/orapwasm_bak -> +DATA/orapwasm

pwset

Purpose

Sets the location of the password file for an Oracle ASM or database instance.

Syntax and Description

pwset { --asm  | --dbuniquename string } file_path

Table 10-15 lists the options for the pwset command.

Table 10-15 Options for the pwset command

Option	Description
`--asm`	The `--asm` option associates the password file with the Oracle ASM instance that ASMCMD is logged into.
`--dbuniquename` `string`	The `--dbuniquename` `string` option identifies the database unique name associated with the password file.
`file_path`	The `file_path` value identifies the location where the password file is located.

pwset sets the location of the password file for an Oracle ASM or database instance to the value specified by file_path. Either --dbuniquename or –-asm is required to identify a CRSD resource.

The SYSASM or SYSDBA privilege is required to manage the Oracle ASM and database password files.

Example

The following example sets the location of the Oracle ASM password file in a disk group.

Example 10-17 Using the ASMCMD pwset command

ASMCMD [+] > pwset --asm +DATA/orapwasm

showclustermode

Purpose

Displays the current mode of the Oracle ASM cluster.

Syntax and Description

showclustermode

showclustermode displays the mode that the Oracle ASM cluster is currently in. The possible return values are ASM cluster : Flex mode enabled or ASM cluster : Flex mode disabled.

Example

The following example shows the use of the showclustermode command.

Example 10-18 Using the ASMCMD showclustermode command

ASMCMD [+] > showclustermode
ASM cluster : Flex mode disabled

showclusterstate

Purpose

Displays the current state of the cluster.

Syntax and Description

showclusterstate

showclusterstate displays the state that the Oracle ASM cluster is currently in. The possible values returned are Normal, In Rolling Patch, or In Rolling Upgrade mode.

Example

This example shows the use of the showclusterstate command.

Example 10-19 Using the ASMCMD showclusterstate command

ASMCMD [+] > showclusterstate

showpatches

Purpose

Lists the patches applied on the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home.

Syntax and Description

showpatches [-l]

The following table lists the options for the showpatches command.

Table 10-16 Options for the showpathches command

Option	Description
`—l`	Displays all details about the patches.

showpatches lists the patches that have been applied to the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home.

Example

This example shows the use of the showpatches command.

Example 10-20 Using the ASMCMD showpatches command

ASMCMD [+] > showpatches -l
Oracle ASM release patch level is [0] and no patches have been applied on the local node. The release patch string is [18.1.0.0.0].

showversion

Purpose

Displays the patch levels of the Oracle ASM cluster release and software.

Syntax and Description

showversion [[[--releasepatch] [--softwarepatch]] | [--active]]

The following table lists the options for the showversion command.

Table 10-17 Options for the showversion command

Option Description

Option	Description
`--releasepatch`	Displays the cluster level patch version. Use `asmcmd` `showversion` `--active` instead.
`--softwarepatch`	Displays the patch level on the local node. Use `asmcmd` `showpatches` `-l` instead.
`--active`	Displays the active version and active patch level

--releasepatch

Displays the cluster level patch version.

Use asmcmd showversion --active instead.

--softwarepatch

Displays the patch level on the local node.

Use asmcmd showpatches -l instead.

--active

Displays the active version and active patch level

showversion displays the Oracle ASM cluster release and software patch levels. The release and software patch options may differ depending whether the Oracle ASM or Oracle Grid Infrastructure home is being patched.

Note:

The releasepatch and softwarepatch options may be different when the Oracle Grid Infrastructure or Oracle ASM home is being patched. When in normal mode, the options should be same. When there is no Oracle ASM instance connected, release patch information is not displayed.

Example

This example shows the use of the showversion command.

Example 10-21 Using the ASMCMD showversion command

ASMCMD [+] > showversion --active
Oracle ASM active version on the cluster is [19.0.0.0.0]. The cluster upgrade state is [NORMAL]. The cluster active patch level is [0].

shutdown

Purpose

Shuts down an instance.

Syntax and Description

shutdown [--target target_instance] [--normal | --abort|--immediate ]

Table 10-18 lists the options for the shutdown command.

Table 10-18 Options for the shutdown command

Option	Description
`--target target_instance`	Specify the target instance. The value of `target_instance` could be either Oracle ASM (`ASM`), IOServer (`IOS`), or Oracle ASM proxy (`APX`) instance.
`--normal`	Shut down normal. This is the default action.
`--abort`	Shut down stopping all existing operations.
`--immediate`	Shut down immediately.

The default target instance is determined by the ORACLE_SID environmental variable. The default action is a normal shutdown.

Oracle strongly recommends that you shut down all database instances that use the Oracle ASM instance and dismount all file systems mounted on Oracle ASM Dynamic Volume Manager (Oracle ADVM) volumes before attempting to shut down the Oracle ASM instance with the --abort option.

For more information about shutting down an Oracle ASM instance, see "About Shutting Down an Oracle ASM Instance".

Example

The following are examples of the shutdown command. The first example performs a shut down of the Oracle ASM instance with normal action. The second example performs a shut down with immediate action. The third example performs a shut down that stops all existing operations.

Example 10-22 Using the ASMCMD shutdown command

ASMCMD [+] > shutdown --target ASM --normal

ASMCMD [+] > shutdown --target ASM --immediate

ASMCMD [+] > shutdown --target ASM --abort

spbackup

Purpose

Backs up an Oracle ASM SPFILE to a backup file.

Syntax and Description

spbackup source destination

Table 10-19 lists the options for the spbackup command.

Table 10-19 Options for the spbackup command

Option	Description
`source`	Specifies the source file name.
`destination`	Specifies the destination file.

spbackup should be used when you want to make single or multiple backups of an SPFILE in the same or a different disk group without creating an SPFILE in the target disk group.

Note the following about the use of spbackup:

spbackup can back up an Oracle ASM SPFILE from a disk group to a disk group or to an operating system file.
spbackup can back up an Oracle ASM SPFILE from an operating system file to a disk group.
spbackup can back up an Oracle ASM SPFILE when the SPFILE is being used by an open Oracle ASM instance.
spbackup can make multiple backups of an Oracle ASM SPFILE in the same disk group.

spbackup does not affect the GPnP profile. The backup file that is created is not a special file type and is not identified as an SPFILE. This backup file cannot be copied with spcopy. To copy this backup file to and from a disk group, use the ASMCMD cp command.

To make a copy of a backup file in a disk group that is identified as an SPFILE file:

Use the ASMCMD cp command to copy the backup file from the disk group to an operating system file. See "cp".
Use the ASMCMD spcopy command to copy the operating system file to a disk group. See "spcopy".

Example

The following are examples of the spbackup command. The first example backs up the SPFILE in the data disk group. The second example backs up the SPFILE from the data disk group to the fra disk group.

Example 10-23 Using the ASMCMD spbackup command

ASMCMD> spbackup  +DATA/asm/asmparameterfile/registry.253.721810181
                  +DATA/spfileBackASM.bak

ASMCMD> spbackup  +DATA/asm/asmparameterfile/registry.253.721810181
                  +FRA/spfileBackASM.bak

spcopy

Purpose

Copies an Oracle ASM SPFILE from the source location to an SPFILE in the destination location.

Syntax and Description

spcopy [-u] source destination

Table 10-20 lists the options for the spcopy command.

Table 10-20 Options for the spcopy command

Option	Description
`-u`	Updates the Grid Plug and Play (GPnP) profile.
`source`	Specifies the source file name.
`destination`	Specifies the destination.

Note the following about the use of spcopy:

spcopy can copy an Oracle ASM SPFILE from a disk group to a different disk group or to an operating system file.
spcopy can copy an Oracle ASM SPFILE from an operating system file to a disk group.
spcopy can copy an Oracle ASM SPFILE when the SPFILE is being used by an open Oracle ASM instance.
spcopy cannot make multiple copies of an Oracle ASM SPFILE in the same disk group. You can use spbackup for that purpose.

To update the GPnP profile, include the -u option with spcopy. You can also use spset to update the GPnP profile if spcopy is run without the -u option.

After copying the SPFILE and updating the GPnP profile, you must restart the instance with the SPFILE in the new location to use that SPFILE. When the Oracle ASM instance is running with the SPFILE in the new location, you can remove the source SPFILE.

To copy an Oracle ASM SPFILE into a disk group using spcopy, the COMPATIBLE.ASM attribute must be set to 11.2 or greater in the target disk group.

Example

The following are examples of the spcopy command. The first example copies the Oracle ASM SPFILE from the data disk group to the fra disk group. The second example copies the Oracle ASM SPFILE from the data disk group to an operating system location. The third example copies an Oracle ASM SPFILE from an operating system location to the data disk group and updates the GPnP profile with the -u option.

Example 10-24 Using the ASMCMD spcopy command

ASMCMD> spcopy  +DATA/asm/asmparameterfile/registry.253.721810181
                +FRA/spfileCopyASM.ora

ASMCMD> spcopy +DATA/asm/asmparameterfile/registry.253.721810181
                $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfileCopyASM.ora

ASMCMD> spcopy -u /oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/dbs/spfileTestASM.ora
                  +DATA/ASM/spfileCopyASM.ora

See Also:

spset for information about using the ASMCMD spset command
About Backing Up, Copying, and Moving an Oracle ASM Initialization Parameter File for information about copying and moving an Oracle ASM instance initialization parameter file after upgrading
Oracle Database SQL Language Reference for information about creating a server parameter file with the CREATE SPFILE SQL statement

spget

Purpose

Retrieves the location of the Oracle ASM SPFILE from the Grid Plug and Play (GPnP) profile.

Syntax and Description

spget

The location retrieved by spget is the location in the GPnP profile, but not always the location of the SPFILE currently used. For example, the location could have been recently updated by spset or spcopy with the -u option on an Oracle ASM instance that has not been restarted. After the next restart of the Oracle ASM, this location points to the Oracle ASM SPFILE currently being used.

Example

The following is an example of the spget command that retrieves and displays the location of the SPFILE from the GPnP profile.

Example 10-25 Using the ASMCMD spget command

ASMCMD [+] > spget
+DATA/ASM/ASMPARAMETERFILE/registry.253.813507611

spmove

Purpose

Moves an Oracle ASM SPFILE from source to destination and automatically updates the GPnP profile.

Syntax and Description

spmove source destination

Table 10-21 lists the options for the spmove command.

Table 10-21 Options for the spmove command

Option	Description
`source`	Specifies the source file.
`destination`	Specifies the destination file.

Note the following about the use of spmove:

spmove can move an Oracle ASM SPFILE when the open instance is using a PFILE or a different SPFILE. After moving the SPFILE, you must restart the instance with the SPFILE in the new location to use that SPFILE.
spmove cannot move an Oracle ASM SPFILE when the SPFILE is being used by an open Oracle ASM instance.

For information about copying and moving an Oracle ASM instance initialization parameter file after upgrading, see "About Backing Up, Copying, and Moving an Oracle ASM Initialization Parameter File".

To use spmove to move an Oracle ASM SPFILE into a disk group, the disk group attribute COMPATIBLE.ASM must be set to 11.2 or greater.

Example

The following are examples of the spmove command. The first example moves an Oracle ASM SPFILE from the data disk group to an operating system location. The second example moves an SPFILE from an operating system location to the data disk group.

Example 10-26 Using the ASMCMD spmove command

ASMCMD> spmove +DATA/spfileASM.ora
               /oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/dbs/spfileMoveASM.ora

ASMCMD> spmove /oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/dbs/spfile+ASM.ora
               +DATA/ASM/spfileMoveASM.ora

spset

Purpose

Sets the location of the Oracle ASM SPFILE in the Grid Plug and Play (GPnP) profile.

Syntax and Description

spset location

Table 10-22 lists the options for the spset command.

Table 10-22 Options for the spset command

Option	Description
`location`	Specifies the location of the Oracle ASM SPFILE. The location is the full path to the SPFILE.

Example

The following is an example of the spset command that sets the location of the Oracle ASM SPFILE command in the data disk group.

Example 10-27 Using the ASMCMD spset command

ASMCMD> spset +DATA/asm/asmparameterfile/asmspfile.ora

startup

Purpose

Starts up the default instance.

Syntax and Description

startup [--mount] [--nomount] [--restrict] [ --pfile pfile ]

Table 10-23 lists the options for the startup command.

Table 10-23 Options for the startup command

Option	Description
`--mount`	Specifies a mount operation. This is the default action.
`--nomount`	Specifies no mount operation.
`--restrict`	Specifies restricted mode.
`--pfile` `pfile`	Oracle ASM initialization parameter file.

This command starts up an instance specified by the ORACLE_SID environmental variable. The variable could be set to the Oracle ASM, IOServer, or APX proxy instance.

The default action for an Oracle ASM instance is a startup that mounts disk groups and enables Oracle ASM Dynamic Volume Manager (Oracle ADVM) volumes.

Example

The following is an example of the startup command that starts the Oracle ASM instance (ORACLE_SID=+ASM) without mounting disk groups and uses the asm_init.ora initialization parameter file.

Example 10-28 Using the ASMCMD startup command

ASMCMD> startup --nomount --pfile asm_init.ora

See Also:

About Mounting Disk Groups at Startup for information about disk groups that are mounted at startup time
About Starting Up an Oracle ASM Instance for more information about starting up an Oracle ASM instance

ASMCMD Member Cluster Management Commands

This topic provides a summary of the ASMCMD member cluster management commands that are used with Oracle ASM remote instances.

Unless otherwise specified, the ASMCMD cluster management commands should be executed in the Oracle ASM-CSS cluster.

For information about Oracle Flex ASM, refer to "Managing Oracle Flex ASM".

Table 10-24 lists the ASMCMD member cluster management commands with brief descriptions.

Table 10-24 Summary of ASMCMD member cluster management commands

Command	Description
chcc	Modifies a configuration for a member cluster.
mkcc	Creates a configuration for a member cluster.
lscc	Lists the configured member clusters.
rmcc	Removes the configuration for a member cluster.

See Also:

Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation and Upgrade Guide for information about installing clusters and cluster name requirements
Oracle Clusterware Administration and Deployment Guide for information about member clusters

chcc

Purpose

Modifies the configuration for a member cluster.

Syntax and Description

chcc cluster_name [--direct | --indirect]
     [--version member_cluster_version]

The following table lists the options for the chcc command.

Table 10-25 Options for the chcc command

Option	Description
`cluster_name`	Specifies the name of the member cluster.
`--direct`	Specifies direct storage access.
`--indirect`	Specifies indirect storage access.
`--version` `member_cluster_version`	Specifies the five digit member cluster version if it is different than the storage server version. The storage server version is used if not specified.

To modify the storage access method of a member cluster, you perform the following steps.

As the Oracle Grid Infrastructure user at the Domain Services Cluster (DSC), change the member cluster storage access configuration with the chcc command.
As the Oracle Grid Infrastructure user at the Domain Services Cluster (DSC), export the member cluster configuration into a new cluster manifest file with the mkcc command.

You can ignore the warning messages reported when the mkcc command is issued.
After you have exported the new cluster manifest file, as the root user on the nodes of member cluster you copy the new cluster manifest file to the nodes with the rootcrs.sh script.

Examples

The following examples show how to modify the storage access method from direct to indirect Oracle ASM storage for the member cluster —–asm and ––gimr components.

Example 10-29 Using the ASMCMD chcc command

As the Oracle Grid Infrastructure user at the Domain Services Cluster (DSC), run the following commands:

$ asmcmd chcc memberCluster1 --indirect

$ asmcmd mkcc memberCluster1 /export/cluster_manifest_new.xml --asm --gimr

As the root user at the member cluster, copy the new cluster manifest file to the member cluster with the following commands.

Run the rootcrs.sh script on every node in the member cluster.

# rootcrs.sh --convertcluster STORAGE_ACCESS -manifestfile cluster_manifest_new.xml

Run the rootcrs.sh script with the -lastnode option on last node in the member cluster.

# rootcrs.sh --convertcluster STORAGE_ACCESS -manifestfile cluster_manifest_new.xml -lastnode

lscc

Purpose

Lists the configured member clusters.

Syntax and Description

lscc [--suppressheader] [-l] [cluster_name | --file wrap]

The following table lists the options for the lscc command.

Table 10-26 Options for the lscc command

Option	Description
`–suppressheader`	Suppresses column headings from the output.
`-l`	Displays all details.
`cluster_name`	Specifies the name of the member cluster.
`--file`	Displays information about the contents of the cluster manifest file.
`wrap`	Specifies the full path of the XML file to export the credentials.

Examples

The following example lists the configured member clusters.

Example 10-30 Using the ASMCMD lscc command

ASMCMD [+] > lscc
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
           NAME        VERSION GUID
================================================================================
 memberCluster1     12.2.0.0.0 78015b1e78756f88bf119fd8e5146df4
 memberCluster2     12.2.0.0.0 3de3bbd75e9a7f17bfe027b477b5bcae
================================================================================

ASMCMD [+] > lscc -l
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
           NAME        VERSION GUID                             ASM GIMR TFA ACFS RHP
=====================================================================================   
 memberCluster1     12.2.0.0.0 78015b1e78756f88bf119fd8e5146df4 YES  YES YES  YES YES
 memberCluster2     12.2.0.0.0 3de3bbd75e9a7f17bfe027b477b5bcae YES  YES YES  YES  NO
=====================================================================================

ASMCMD [+] > lscc memberCluster1 --suppressheader
 memberCluster1     12.2.0.0.0 78015b1e78756f88bf119fd8e5146df4

ASMCMD [+] > lscc memberCluster1 --suppressheader -l
 memberCluster1     12.2.0.0.0 78015b1e78756f88bf119fd8e5146df4 ASM,GIMR,TFA,ACFS,RHP

mkcc

Purpose

Creates the configuration for a member cluster.

Syntax and Description

mkcc cluster_name manifest_file [--direct]
     [--version member_cluster_version]
     [--guid member_cluster_guid]
     [--gimr gimr_pdb/export_dir]
     [--asm] [--gimr] [--rhp] [--acfs] [--tfa]

The following table lists the options for the mkcc command.

Table 10-27 Options for the mkcc command

Option	Description
`cluster_name`	Specifies the name of the member cluster.
`manifest_file`	Specifies the full path of the XML file to export the credentials.
`--direct`	Specifies direct storage access. If not specified, the storage access is indirect.
`--version` `member_cluster_version`	Specifies the five digit member cluster version if it is different than the storage server version. The storage server version is used if not specified.
`--guid` `member_cluster_guid`	Specifies the 32-character, globally unique identifier for the member cluster. When this option is specified, `mkcc` does not generate a new GUID. If there is a cluster already configured with the specified GUID, then the command fails.
`--gimr` `gimr_pdb/export_dir`	Specifies the directory from which to import the GIMR PDB when converting a standalone cluster to a member cluster.
`--asm`	Generate credentials and configuration for an Oracle ASM member cluster.
`–-gimr`	Generate credentials and configuration for an Oracle GIMR member cluster.
`–-rhp`	Generate credentials and configuration for an Oracle RHP member cluster.
`–-acfs`	Generate credentials and configuration for an Oracle ACFS member cluster.
`--tfa`	Generate credentials and configuration for an Oracle TFA member cluster.

The member cluster name must conform to the same rules as a cluster name. The name must be unique across your enterprise, must be at least one character long and no more than 15 characters in length, must be alphanumeric, cannot begin with a numeral, and may contain hyphens (-). Underscore characters (_) are not allowed.

If no member cluster component options are specified, the default is to configure all of the components and store their credentials in the same manifest file.

GNS credentials are not generated by the asmcmd mkcc command. To configure the member cluster as a GNS Client, run the following command as a privileged user to export the GNS instance client data configuration to the cluster manifest file:

srvctl export gns -clientdata manifest_file -role CLIENT

Examples

The following example creates credentials for the member cluster —–asm and ––gimr components and exports the credentials to a cluster manifest file.

Example 10-31 Using the ASMCMD mkcc command

ASMCMD [+] > mkcc memberCluster1 /tmp/member_cluster1.xml --version 12.2.0.0.0 --asm --gimr

rmcc

Purpose

Removes the configuration for a member cluster.

Syntax and Description

rmcc cluster_name [-f]

The following table lists the options for the rmcc command.

Table 10-28 Options for the rmcc command

Option	Description
`cluster_name`	Specifies the name of the member cluster.
`-f`	Specifies to force the removal of member cluster credentials.

Examples

The following example removes the configuration for a member cluster.

Example 10-32 Using the ASMCMD rmcc command

ASMCMD [+] > rmcc memberCluster1

ASMCMD Oracle ASM Filter Driver Management Commands

This topic provides a summary of the ASMCMD Oracle ASM filter driver (Oracle ASMFD) management commands.

See Also:

Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for your operating system for information about installing and configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure

Table 10-29 lists the Oracle ASM Filter Driver management commands with brief descriptions.

Table 10-29 Summary of ASMCMD Oracle ASM Filter Driver management commands

Command	Description
afd_configure	Configures Oracle ASM Filter Driver.
afd_deconfigure	Deconfigures Oracle ASM Filter Driver.
afd_di	Manipulates the data integrity state in the Oracle ASM Filter Driver.
afd_dsget	Retrieves the Oracle ASM Filter Driver diskstring value.
afd_dsset	Sets the Oracle ASM Filter Driver diskstring value.
afd_filter	Sets the Oracle ASM Filter Driver mode on a given disk path.
afd_label	Sets an Oracle ASM Filter Driver label to a disk.
afd_lsdsk	Lists Oracle ASM Filter Driver disks.
afd_lslbl	Lists the disks that contain Oracle ASM Filter Driver labels.
afd_refresh	Refreshes Oracle ASM Filter Driver disks using the AFD discovery string.
afd_scan	Scans for Oracle ASM Filter Driver disks.
afd_state	Returns the state of Oracle ASM Filter Driver.
afd_unlabel	Clears an existing Oracle ASM Filter Driver label.

afd_configure

Purpose

Configures Oracle ASM Filter Driver.

Syntax and Description

# asmcmd afd_configure  [-d | -e] [-f]

The following table lists the options for the afd_configure command.

Table 10-30 Options for the afd_configure command

Option	Description
`-d`	Disables Oracle ASMFD filtering mode.
`-e`	Enables Oracle ASMFD filtering mode.
`-f`	Force Oracle ASMFD configuration.

The afd_configure command must be run noninteractively as a root user. Before running the command on a node, the Oracle Clusterware stack must be shut down on that node. After the afd_configure command has been run, restart Oracle Clusterware on each node. After running afd_configure, the default filtering state is enabled.

Example

The following example configures Oracle ASM Filter Driver on the node on which the command was run. $ORACLE_HOME in the example refers to the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home.

Example 10-33 Using the afd_configure command

# $ORACLE_HOME/bin/asmcmd afd_configure

See Also:

Administering Oracle ASM Filter Driver for information about Oracle ASM Filter Driver
Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation and Upgrade Guide for your operating system for information about installing and configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure

afd_deconfigure

Purpose

Deconfigures Oracle ASM Filter Driver.

Syntax and Description

# asmcmd afd_deconfigure [-f]

The following table lists the options for the afd_deconfigure command.

Table 10-31 Options for the afd_deconfigure command

Option	Description
`-f`	Force Oracle ASMFD deconfiguration.

The afd_deconfigure command must be run noninteractively as a root user. Before running the command on a node, the Oracle Clusterware stack must be shut down on that node. After the afd_deconfigure command has been run, restart Oracle Clusterware on each node.

Example

The following example deconfigures Oracle ASM Filter Driver on the node on which the command was run. $ORACLE_HOME in the example refers to the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home.

Example 10-34 Using the afd_deconfigure command

# $ORACLE_HOME/bin/asmcmd afd_deconfigure

See Also:

Administering Oracle ASM Filter Driver for information about Oracle ASM Filter Driver
Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation and Upgrade Guide for your operating system for information about installing and configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure

afd_di

Purpose

Manipulates the data integrity state in the Oracle ASM Filter Driver (Oracle ASMFD).

Syntax and Description

afd_di {-e | -d | -q}

The following table lists the options for the afd_di command.

Table 10-32 Options for the afd_di command

Option	Description
`-e`	Enables data integrity in Oracle ASMFD.
`-d`	Disables data integrity in Oracle ASMFD.
`-q`	Queries data integrity in Oracle ASMFD.

For information about Oracle ASM Filter Driver, refer to "Administering Oracle ASM Filter Driver".

Example

The following example shows the use of the afd_di command to enable data integrity in the Oracle ASMFD driver

Example 10-35 Using the ASMCMD afd_di command

ASMCMD [+] > afd_di -e

afd_dsget

Purpose

Retrieves the Oracle ASM Filter Driver discovery diskstring value.

Syntax and Description

afd_dsget

For information about Oracle ASM Filter Driver, refer to Administering Oracle ASM Filter Driver.

Example

The following example returns the current Oracle ASM Filter Driver discovery diskstring value.

Example 10-36 Using the afd_dsget command

ASMCMD [+] > afd_dsget
AFD discovery string: /dev/rdsk/mydisks/*

afd_dsset

Purpose

Sets the Oracle ASM Filter Driver discovery diskstring value.

Syntax and Description

afd_dsset afd_diskstring

The syntax options for the afd_dsset command are described in Table 10-33.

Table 10-33 Options for the afd_dsset command

Option	Description
`afd_diskstring`	Specifies the value for the Oracle ASM Filter Driver discovery diskstring.

For information about Oracle ASM Filter Driver, refer to Administering Oracle ASM Filter Driver.

Example

The following example sets the current Oracle ASM Filter Driver discovery diskstring value.

Example 10-37 Using the afd_dsset command

ASMCMD [+] > afd_dsset /dev/rdsk/mydisks/*

afd_filter

Purpose

Sets the Oracle ASM Filter Driver filtering mode on a given disk path.

Syntax and Description

afd_filter {-e | -d } [disk_path]

The syntax options for the afd_filter command are described in the following table.

Table 10-34 Options for the afd_filter command

Option	Description
`-e`	Enables Oracle ASM Filter Driver mode.
`-d`	Disables Oracle ASM Filter Driver mode.
`disk_path`	Specifies the path to the disks.

If the command is executed without specifying a disk path, then filtering is set at the node level.

Example

The following example uses afd_filter to enable Oracle ASM Filter Driver filtering on a specified disk path.

Example 10-38 Using the afd_filter command

ASMCMD [+] > afd_filter -e /dev/sdq

afd_label

Purpose

Sets an Oracle ASM Filter Driver (Oracle ASMFD) label to the specified disk.

Syntax and Description

afd_label afd_label disk_path [--migrate | --rename] [--init] [--force]

The syntax options for the afd_label command are described in Table 10-35.

Table 10-35 Options for the afd_label command

Option	Description
`afd_label`	Specifies an Oracle ASM Filter Driver label.
`disk_path`	Specifies the path to the disks to which the label is applied.
`--migrate`	Specifies to migrate Oracle ASM Filter Driver disk labels to all disks in the `disk_path`..
`--rename`	Specifies to label a disk that was previously labeled.
`--init`	Specifies to set an Oracle ASMFD label during the initialize stage. This option is not allowed if Oracle ASMFD is already loaded.
`--force`	Causes the `afd_label` command to execute all steps.

For information about Oracle ASM Filter Driver, refer to "Administering Oracle ASM Filter Driver".

Example

The following example sets an Oracle ASM Filter Driver label to a specified disk.

Example 10-39 Using the afd_label command

ASMCMD [+] > afd_label 'disk0' '/dev/rdsk/mydisks/disk0'

afd_lsdsk

Purpose

Lists Oracle ASM Filter Driver disks.

Syntax and Description

afd_lsdsk [--all]

The following table lists the options for the afd_lsdsk command.

Table 10-36 Options for the afd_lsdsk command

Option	Description
`--all`	Lists all Oracle ASMFD disks clusterwide.

Example

The following example lists Oracle ASM Filter Driver disks.

Example 10-40 Using the afd_lsdsk commmand

ASMCMD [+] > afd_lsdsk
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Label                     Filtering   Path
================================================================================
DISK0                       ENABLED   /dev/sdd
DISK1                      DISABLED   /dev/sdm
DISK2                       ENABLED   /dev/sdq

afd_lslbl

Purpose

Scans operating system disks using the specified discovery string and lists the disks that contain Oracle ASM Filter Driver labels.

Syntax and Description

afd_lslbl [disk_string]

The following table lists the options for the afd_lslbl command.

Table 10-37 Options for the afd_lslbl command

Option	Description
`disk_string`	Specifies an optional disk path string for filtering.

For information about Oracle ASM Filter Driver, refer to "Administering Oracle ASM Filter Driver".

Example

The following example shows the use of the afd_lslbl command to list disks that contain Oracle ASMFD labels.

Example 10-41 Using the ASMCMD afd_lslbl command

ASMCMD [+]> afd_lslbl '/dev/sd*' 

Label                 Duplicate  Path 
======================================= 
DISK0                 /dev/sdd 
DISK1                 /dev/sdm

afd_refresh

Purpose

Refreshes Oracle ASM Filter Driver disks using the AFD discovery string.

Syntax and Description

afd_refresh [--all]

The following table lists the options for the afd_refresh command.

Table 10-38 Options for the afd_refresh command

Option	Description
`–-all`	Specifies a clusterwide refresh.

If the Oracle ASM Filter Driver disks are owned by the root user, then you must run afd_refresh --all as root to ensure that accurate disk sizes are displayed in the V$ASM_DISK view.

For information about Oracle ASM Filter Driver, refer to Administering Oracle ASM Filter Driver.

Example

The following example uses afd_refresh to refresh Oracle ASMFD disks

Example 10-42 Using the ASMCMD afd_refresh command

ASMCMD [+]> afd_refresh

afd_scan

Purpose

Scans for Oracle ASM Filter Driver disks.

Syntax and Description

afd_scan [afd_diskstring] [--all]

The syntax options for the afd_scan command are described in Table 10-39.

Table 10-39 Options for the afd_scan command

Option	Description
`afd_diskstring`	Specifies the value for the Oracle ASM Filter Driver discovery diskstring.
`--all`	Specifies a clusterwide scan for Oracle ASMFD disks.

afd_scan scans for Oracle ASM Filter Driver disks using the specified discovery string. If the command is executed without specifying a disk string, then afd_scan uses the Oracle ASM Filter Driver discovery diskstring value in the afd.conf file.

For information about Oracle ASM Filter Driver, refer to Administering Oracle ASM Filter Driver.

Example

The following example scans for Oracle ASM Filter Driver disks with a specified diskstring.

Example 10-43 Using the afd_scan command

ASMCMD [+] > afd_scan /dev/sd*

afd_state

Purpose

Returns the state of Oracle ASM Filter Driver.

Syntax and Description

afd_state [--all]

Table 10-40 lists the options for the afd_state command.

Table 10-40 Options for the afd_state command

Option	Description
`--all`	The `--all` option runs a clusterwide check.

For information about Oracle ASM Filter Driver, refer to Administering Oracle ASM Filter Driver.

Example

The following example returns the current state of Oracle ASM Filter Driver.

Example 10-44 Using the afd_state command

ASMCMD [+] > afd_state
ASMCMD-9526: The AFD state is 'LOADED' and filtering is 'DEFAULT' on host 'myhost'

afd_unlabel

Purpose

Clears a specified Oracle ASM filter driver (Oracle ASMFD) label.

Syntax and Description

afd_unlabel afd_label {afd_label | 'disk_path'} [-f] [--init]

The syntax options for the afd_unlabel command are described in Table 10-41.

Table 10-41 Options for the afd_unlabel command

Option	Description
`afd_unlabel`	Specifies an existing Oracle ASM Filter Driver label to clear.
`’disk_path’`	Specifies to clear a label determined by an existing disk path. If a disk needs to be unlabeled during the initialization stage, then it can be done only by using its disk path.
`—f`	Forces the clearing of the label if the disk is an Oracle ASM member disk and there are no pending opens of the disk.
`--init`	Specifies to clear an Oracle ASMFD label during the initialize stage. This option is not allowed if Oracle ASMFD is already loaded.

For information about Oracle ASM Filter Driver, refer to "Administering Oracle ASM Filter Driver".

Example

The following example clears an existing Oracle ASM Filter Driver label.

Example 10-45 Using the afd_unlabel command

ASMCMD [+] > afd_unlabel 'disk0'

ASMCMD Audit Files Management Commands

This document describes the ASMCMD Oracle ASM audit files management commands.

The following table provides a summary of ASMCMD audit files management commands.

Table 10-42 Summary of ASMCMD audit files management commands

Command	Description
audcleanaudittrail	Deletes the audit files of the specified audit trail type.
audclearproperty	Clears the value for the specified audit property.
audcleartimestamp	Clears the last archive timestamp set by “`audsettimestamp`” command.
audcreatejob	Creates a purge job for specified audit trail type.
auddropjob	Drops the specified audit purge job.
audsetdebug	Sets the tracing to the specified debug level.
audsetjobinterval	Sets the job interval for the specified audit purge job.
audsetjobstatus	Sets the status of the specified purge job to either “`enable`” or “`disable`” state.
audsetproperty	Sets the value of specified audit property for given audit trail type.
audsettimestamp	Sets the last archive timestamp for specified audit trail type.
audshowtimestamp	Displays the last archive timestamps set by "`audsettimestamp`" command.
lsaudcleanupjobs	Displays the configured audit trail purge jobs.
lsaudconfigparams	Displays the configured audit trail properties for the given audit trail type.

audcleanaudittrail

Purpose

Deletes the audit files of the specified audit trail type. The command will delete the files based on Last Archive Timestamp set using “audsettimestamp" command, if --useTimestamp option is specified. Else, it will delete all the files that are not being actively written to.

Syntax and Description

audcleanaudittrail {--os|--uni} [--useTimestamp]

Options for the audcleanaudittrail command

Table 10-43 Options for the audcleanaudittrail command

Option	Description
`--os`	Cleans up audit files of OS audit trail type.
`--uni`	Cleans up audit files of Unified audit trail type.
`--useTimestamp`	If specified, uses last archive timestamp in cleaning up the audit records.

Examples

The following are examples of audcleanaudittrail command.

In the example below, the audit files of OS audit trail type that are older than the timestamp specified by "audsettimestamp" command will be deleted.

Example 10-46 Using the ASMCMD audcleanaudittrail command

ASMCMD> audcleanaudittrail --os --useTimestamp

In the example below, the audit files of Unified audit trail type that are older than the timestamp specified by "audsettimestamp" command will be deleted

Example 10-47 Using the ASMCMD audcleanaudittrail command

ASMCMD> audcleanaudittrail --uni --useTimestamp

audclearproperty

Purpose

Clears the value for the specified audit property. When --use_def argument is used, the value of the property is set to its respective default value.

Syntax and Description

audclearproperty {--file_max_size|--file_max_age} [--use_def] {--os|--uni}

Options for the audclearproperty command

Table 10-44 Options for the audclearproperty command

Option	Description
`--file_max_size`	Maximum audit file size Note: For more details, see Administering Oracle ASM audit trail
`--file_max_age`	Maximum audit file age Note: For more details, see Administering Oracle ASM audit trail
`--use_def`	Resets or sets the value back to default value.
`--os`	Clears property of OS audit trail type.
`--uni`	Clears property of Unified audit trail type.

Note:

The default value for the age of an audit file is 5 Days and the default value for the size of an audit file is 10 MB.

Examples

The following are examples of audclearproperty command.

The example below sets the file_max_size property for the audit files of OS audit trail type to its default value.

Example 10-48 Using the ASMCMD audclearproperty command

ASMCMD> audclearproperty --file_max_size --use_def --os

The example below specifies to clear the file_max_age property for the audit files of Unified audit trail type. In other words, it sets file_max_age property to zero.

Example 10-49 Using the ASMCMD audclearproperty command

ASMCMD> audclearproperty --file_max_age --uni

audcleartimestamp

Purpose

Clears the last archive timestamp set by audsettimestamp.

Syntax and Description

audcleartimestamp {--os  --inst <instancenumber> |--uni}

Options for the audcleartimestamp command

Table 10-45 Options for the audcleartimestamp command

Option	Description
`--os`	Clears the last archive timestamp set for OS audit trail type.
`--uni`	Clears the last archive timestamp set for Unified audit trail type.
`--inst` `<instancenumber>`	Instance number

Examples

The following are examples of audcleartimestamp command.

The example below clears the last archive timestamp set for instance number 1 of OS audit trail type.

Example 10-50 Using the ASMCMD audcleartimestamp command

ASMCMD> audcleartimestamp --os --inst 1

The example below clears the last archive timestamp set for Unified audit trail type.

Example 10-51 Using the ASMCMD audcleartimestamp command

ASMCMD> audcleartimestamp --uni

audcreatejob

Purpose

Creates a purge job for specified audit trail type. The purge job runs at a frequency specified by --int and purges the audit files.

Syntax and Description

audcreatejob --name <job_name> --int <purge_int> {--os | --uni} [--use_ts]

Options for the audcreatejob command.

Table 10-46 Options for the audcreatejob command

Option	Description
`--name` `<job_name>`	Name of the purge job
`--int` `<purge_int>`	Purge interval in hours
`--os`	Purge job for OS audit trail type
`--uni`	Purge job for Unified audit trail type
`--use_ts`	When specified, the purge will be based on the last archive timestamp set by audsettimestamp command.

Examples

The following are examples for audcreatejob command.

The example below creates a job called OSAUD_PURGE with purge interval 10 hours for OS audit trail type and the job will use the timestamp, set earlier using audsettimestamp, while purging audit files (since --use_ts is specified).

Example 10-52 Using the ASMCMD audcreatejob command

ASMCMD> audcreatejob --name OSAUD_PURGE --int 10 --os --use_ts

The example below creates a job called OSAUD_NOTS with purge interval 10 hours for OS audit trail type and the job will NOT use the timestamp, set earlier using audsettimestamp, while purging audit files (since --use_ts is NOT specified).

Example 10-53 Using the ASMCMD audcreatejob command

ASMCMD> audcreatejob --name OSAUD_NOTS --int 10 –os

auddropjob

Purpose

Drops the specified audit purge job. This command does not require any audit trail type information.

Syntax and Description

auddropjob --name <job_name>

Options for the auddropjob command.

Table 10-47 Options for the auddropjob command

Option	Description
`--name` `<job_name>`	Name of the purge job

Examples

The following drops the audit purge job OSAUD_PURGE.

Example 10-54 Using the ASMCMD auddropjob command

ASMCMD> auddropjob --name OSAUD_PURGE

audsetdebug

Purpose

Sets the tracing to the specified debug level.

Syntax and Description

audsetdebug {--debug | --error}

Options for the audsetdebug command.

Table 10-48 Options for the audsetdebug command

Option	Description
`--debug`	Dumps all debug information into the traces.
`--error`	Dumps only error information into the traces.

Note:

The default debug level is "error".

Examples

The following example sets the debug level to "debug".

Example 10-55 Using the ASMCMD audsetdebug command

ASMCMD> audsetdebug --debug

audsetjobinterval

Purpose

Sets the job interval for the specified audit purge job.

Syntax and Description

audsetjobinterval --name <job_name>  --int <interval>

Options for the audsetjobinterval command.

Table 10-49 Options for the audsetjobinterval command

Option	Description
`--name` `<job_name>`	Name of audit purge job
`--int` `<interval>`	Interval in hours

Examples

The following example sets the interval of audit cleanup job OSAUD_PURGE to 10 hours.

Example 10-56 Using the ASMCMD audsetjobinterval command

ASMCMD> audsetjobinterval --name OSAUD_PURGE --int 10

audsetjobstatus

Purpose

Sets the status of the specified purge job to enabled or disabled state.

Syntax and Description

audsetjobstatus --name <job_name>  {--disable | --enable}

Options for the audsetjobstatus command.

Table 10-50 Options for the audsetjobstatus command

Option	Description
`--name` `<job_name>`	Audit purge job name
`--enable/--disable`	Enables or disables the given job.

Note:

Audit purge job, when disabled, will not purge audit files periodically.

Examples

The following example disables the audit job OSAUD_PURGE.

Example 10-57 Using the ASMCMD audsetjobstatus command

ASMCMD> audsetjobstatus --name OSAUD_PURGE --disable

audsetproperty

Purpose

Sets the value of specified audit property for given audit trail type.

Syntax and Description

audsetproperty {--file_max_size | --file_max_age } --val <value> {--os | --uni}

Options for the audsetproperty command.

Table 10-51 Options for the audsetproperty command

Option	Description
`--file_max_size`	Maximum size of the audit file Note: The value for `file_max_size` property must be in range [1,2000000] KB.
`--file_max_age`	Maximum age of the audit file Note: The value for `file_max_age` property must be in range [1, 497] days.
`--val` `<value>`	Value of the property
`--os`	Sets property for OS audit trail type.
`--uni`	Sets property for Unified audit trail type.

Examples

The following are examples of the audsetproperty command.

The example below sets the file_max_size property for the audit files of OS audit trail type audit file to 10 KB.

Example 10-58 Using the ASMCMD audsetproperty command

ASMCMD> audsetproperty --file_max_size --val 10 --os

The example below sets the file_max_age property for the audit files of Unified audit trail type to 10 Days.

Example 10-59 Using the ASMCMD audsetproperty command

ASMCMD> audsetproperty --file_max_age --val 10 --uni

audsettimestamp

Purpose

Sets the last archive timestamp for specified audit trail type. This timestamp will be used by the audit purge job and audcleanaudittrail command, if they are configured with --useTimestamp option. In case of OS audit trail type, instance number is required.

Syntax and Description

audsettimestamp {--os|--uni} [--inst <id>] <timestamp>

Options for the audsettimestamp command.

Table 10-52 Options for the audsettimestamp command

Option	Description
`--os`	Last archive timestamp for OS audit trail type
`--uni`	Last archive timestamp for Unified audit trail type
`--inst` `<id>`	Instance number
`<timestamp>`	Timestamp

Examples

The following example sets the last archive timestamp of OS audit trail type in instance number 1.

Example 10-60 Using the ASMCMD audsettimestamp command

ASMCMD> audsettimestamp --os --inst 1 22-AUG-2012 07:48:53

audshowtimestamp

Purpose

Displays the last archive timestamp set using "audsettimestamp" command.

Syntax and Description

audshowtimestamp [{--os|--uni}] [-g]

Options for the audshowtimestamp command.

Table 10-53 Options for audshowtimestamp command

Option	Description
`--os`	Displays last archive timestamp set for OS audit trail type.
`--uni`	Displays last archive timestamp set for Unified audit trail type.
`-g`	Displays clusterwide timestamp information.

Examples

The following are examples of the audshowtimestamp command.

The example below displays the last archive timestamp set for OS audit trail type.

Example 10-61 Using the ASMCMD audshowtimestamp command

ASMCMD> audshowtimestamp --os

The example below displays the clusterwide timestamp information for OS audit trail type.

Example 10-62 Using the ASMCMD audshowtimestamp command

ASMCMD> audshowtimestamp --os -g

See Also:

Database Reference for V$ASM_AUDIT_LAST_ARCH_TS

lsaudcleanupjobs

Purpose

Displays the configured audit trail purge jobs.

Syntax and Description

lsaudcleanupjobs [--os |--uni]

Options for the lsaudcleanupjobs command.

Table 10-54 Options for lsaudcleanupjobs command

Option	Description
`--os`	Displays only the purge job configured for OS audit trail type.
`--uni`	Displays only the purge job configured for Unified audit trail type.

Note:

lsaudcleanupjobs displays the purge jobs configured for both OS and Unified audit trail types, when no audit trail option is provided.

Examples

The following example queries audit cleanup jobs configured for OS audit trail type.

Example 10-63 Using the ASMCMD lsaudcleanupjobs command

ASMCMD> lsaudcleanupjobs --os

See Also:

Database Reference for V$ASM_AUDIT_CLEANUP_JOBS

lsaudconfigparams

Purpose

Displays the configured audit trail properties for the given audit trail type.

Syntax and Description

lsaudconfigparams [{--os|--uni}]

Options for the lsaudconfigparams command.

Table 10-55 Options for lsaudconfigparams command

Option	Description
`--os`	Displays only the audit trail properties of OS audit trail type.
`--uni`	Displays only the audit trail properties of unified audit trail type.

Note:

lsaudconfigparams displays the audit configuration properties for both OS and Unified audit trail type, when no audit trail type option is provided.

Examples

The following example queries audit configuration parameters for OS audit trail type.

Example 10-64 Using the ASMCMD lsaudconfigparams command

ASMCMD> lsaudconfigparams --os

See Also:

Database Reference for V$ASM_AUDIT_CONFIG_PARAMS

ASMCMD File Management Commands

This topic provides a summary of the ASMCMD file management commands.

Table 10-56 lists the ASMCMD file management commands with brief descriptions.

Table 10-56 Summary of ASMCMD file management commands

Command	Description
amdu_extract	Extracts a file from a disk group.
cd	Changes the current directory to the specified directory.
cp	Enables you to copy files between disk groups, and between a disk group and the operating system.
du	Displays the total disk space occupied by files in the specified Oracle ASM directory and all of its subdirectories, recursively.
find	Lists the paths of all occurrences of the specified name (with wildcards) under the specified directory.
ls	Lists the contents of an Oracle ASM directory, the attributes of the specified file, or the names and attributes of all disk groups.
lsof	Lists the open files.
mapblk	Displays where the specified file and block is located, including device path and offset within disk.
mkalias	Creates an alias for system-generated file names.
mkdir	Creates Oracle ASM directories.
pwd	Displays the path of the current Oracle ASM directory.
rm	Deletes the specified Oracle ASM files or directories.
rmalias	Deletes the specified alias, retaining the file that the alias points to.

amdu_extract

Purpose

Extracts a file from a disk group.

Syntax and Description

amdu_extract diskgroup [--sys_filename] file_name disk_string

Table 10-57 Options for the amdu_extract command

Option	Description
`diskgroup`	Name of the disk group where the file is located.
`--sys_filename`	If this option is specified, then the `file_name` should point to the system Oracle ASM file name, not the file alias.
`file_name`	Name of the file to extract. The file name must be one of the following: An Oracle ASM alias name A system Oracle ASM filename if the `--sys_filename` option is specified The file name can be specified as an absolute or a relative path.
`disk_string`	Value for the Oracle ASM discovery disk string.

amdu_extract calls the Oracle ASM Metadata Dump Utility (AMDU) command to extract a file using an Oracle ASM alias name.

Example

The following is an example of the amdu_extract command used to extract a file from the data disk group.

Example 10-65 Using the ASMCMD amdu_extract command

ASMCMD> amdu_extract data data/orcl/my_alias_filename /devices/disk*

cd

Purpose

Changes the current directory to the specified directory.

Syntax and Description

cd [dir]

Table 10-58 lists the options for the cd command.

Table 10-58 Options for the cd command

Option	Description
`dir`	Name of the directory.

dir can be specified as either an absolute path or a relative path, including the . and .. pseudo-directories. dir can contain wildcard characters. See "Wildcard Characters".

Examples

The following are examples of the cd command changing into various directories.

Example 10-66 Using the ASMCMD cd command

ASMCMD [+data/hr] > cd +data/orcl

ASMCMD [+data/orcl] > cd DATAFILE

ASMCMD [+data/orcl/DATAFILE] >cd ..

cp

Purpose

Enables you to copy files between Oracle ASM disk groups and between a disk group and the operating system.

Syntax and Description

cp src_file [--target target_type] [--service service_name] [--port port_num] [connect_str:]tgt_file

The following table contains the syntax options for the cp command.

Table 10-59 Options for the cp command

Option	Description
`--target` `target_type`	Specifies the target type of the instance that ASMCMD must be connected to for the copy operation. Valid options are `ASM`, `IOS`, or `APX`.
`--service` `service_name`	Specifies the Oracle ASM instance name if not the default +ASM.
`--port` `port_num`	Specifies the listener port number. The default is 1521.
`connect_str`	Specifies the connection string for a remote instance.
`src_file`	Name of the source file to copy.
`tgt_file`	A user alias for the created target file name or an alias directory name.

cp cannot copy files between two remote instances. The local Oracle ASM instance must be either the source or the target of the operation.

You can use the cp command to:

Copy files from a disk group to the operating system
Copy files from a disk group to a disk group
Copy files from the operating system to a disk group

Some file types cannot be the source or destination of the cp command. These file types include the OCR, SPFILE, Password file, and Oracle Keystore file types. To back up, copy, or move an Oracle ASM SPFILE, use the spbackup, spcopy, or spmove commands. To create, copy, or move a Password file, use the pwcreate, pwcopy, or pwmove commands. To copy an OCR backup file type, the source must be from a disk group.

The format of copied files is portable between Little-Endian and Big-Endian systems if the files exist in an Oracle ASM disk group. Oracle ASM automatically converts the format when the files are written. For copying a non-Oracle ASM file from or to an Oracle ASM disk group, you can copy the file to a different endian platform and then use one of the commonly used utilities to convert the file.

connect_str is not required for a local instance copy, which is the default case. For a remote instance copy, you must specify the connect string and Oracle ASM prompts for a password in a non-echoing prompt. The connect_str is in the form:

user@host.SID

user, host, and SID are required in the connect_str parameter. The default port number is 1521 and can be changed with the --port option.

The connection privilege (SYSASM or SYSDBA) is determined by the use of the --privilege option when starting ASMCMD.

src_file must be either a fully qualified file name or an Oracle ASM alias.

During an ASMCMD copy process, the Oracle ASM server creates an Oracle Managed File (OMF) file in the following format:

diskgroup/db_unique_name/file_type/file_name.#.#

where db_uniq_name is set to ASM and # is a string of digits. In the copy process, ASMCMD cp creates the directory structure for the destination and creates a user alias from that location to the actual OMF file that is created.

Examples

The following are examples of the cp command. The first example shows a copy of a file in the data disk group to a file on the operating system. The second example shows a copy of a file on the operating system to the data disk group. The third example shows how to copy a file in the data disk group to a remote server. You are prompted to enter a password.

Example 10-67 Using the ASMCMD cp command

ASMCMD [+] > cp +data/orcl/datafile/EXAMPLE.265.691577295 /mybackups/example.bak
copying +data/orcl/datafile/EXAMPLE.265.691577295 -> /mybackups/example.bak

ASMCMD [+] >  cp /mybackups/examples.bak  +data/orcl/datafile/myexamples.bak
copying /mybackups/examples.bak -> +data/orcl/datafile/myexamples.bak

ASMCMD [+] > cp +data/orcl/datafile/EXAMPLE.265.691577295 sys@myserver.+ASM:/scratch/backup/myexamples.bak
Enter Password:

See Also:

Specifying the Type of Connection for more information about connection options with ASMCMD
Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide for more information about connection strings

du

Purpose

Displays the total space used for files in the specified directory and in the entire directory tree under the directory.

Syntax and Description

du [--suppressheader] [dir]

Table 10-60 lists the syntax options for the du command.

Table 10-60 Options for the du command

Option	Description
`dir`	Name of the directory.
`--suppressheader`	Suppresses column headings from the output.

If you do not specify dir, then information about the current directory is displayed. dir can contain wildcard characters. See "Wildcard Characters".

The following two values are displayed, both in units of megabytes.

Used_MB - This value does not include mirroring.
Mirror_used_MB - This value includes mirroring.

For example, if a normal redundancy disk group contains 100 MB of data and each file in the disk group is 2-way mirrored, then Used_MB is 100 MB and Mirror_used_MB is roughly 200 MB.

Example

The following is an example of the du command. The example shows disk space used in the orcl directory in the data disk group, including all of the directories under the orcl directory.

Example 10-68 Using the ASMCMD du command

ASMCMD [+] > du data/orcl
Used_MB      Mirror_used_MB
   1756                3519

find

Purpose

Displays the absolute paths of all occurrences of the specified name pattern (with wildcards) in a specified directory and its subdirectories.

Syntax and Description

find [--type type] dir pattern

Table 10-61 lists the syntax options for the find command.

Table 10-61 Options for the find command

Option	Description
`--type` `type`	Type of target to find.
`dir`	Directory name where you want to start searching.
`pattern`	Name of a target or a wildcard pattern.

This command searches the specified directory and all subdirectories under it in the directory tree for the supplied pattern. The value used for pattern can be a directory name or a file name, and can include wildcard characters. See "Wildcard Characters".

The ASMCMD find command is case insensitive.

In the output of the command, directory names are suffixed with the slash character (/) to distinguish them from file names.

Use the --type flag to find all the files of a particular type (specified as type). For example, you can search for control files by specifying type as CONTROLFILE. Valid values for type are listed in Table 5-1. These are type values from the type column of the V$ASM_FILE view.

Examples

The following are examples of the find command. The first example searches the data disk group for files that begin with undo. The second example returns the absolute path of all the control files (--type CONTROLFILE) in the +data/orcl directory.

Example 10-69 Using the ASMCMD find command

ASMCMD [+] > find +data undo*
+data/ORCL/DATAFILE/UNDOTBS1.258.691577151

ASMCMD [+] >  find --type CONTROLFILE +data/orcl *
+data/orcl/CONTROLFILE/Current.260.691577263

ls

Purpose

Lists the contents of an Oracle ASM directory, the attributes of the specified file, or the names and attributes of all disk groups.

Syntax and Description

ls [--suppressheader] [-lsdtLg][--absolutepath][--reverse]
    [--permission][pattern]

Table 10-62 lists the syntax options for the ls command.

Table 10-62 Options for the ls command

Option	Description
(none)	Displays only file names and directory names.
`-l`	Displays extended file information, including striping and redundancy information and whether the file was system-generated (indicated by `Y` under the `SYS` column) or user-created (as with an alias, indicated by `N` under the `SYS` column). When used in the "`ls -l +`" command, displays directory information. Not all possible file attributes or disk group attributes are included. To view the complete set of column values for a file or a disk group, query the `V$ASM_FILE` and `V$ASM_DISKGROUP` views.
`-s`	Displays file space information.
`-d`	If the value for the `pattern` argument is a directory, then `ls` displays information about that directory, rather than the directory contents. Typically used with another flag, such as the `-l` flag.
`--reverse`	Reverses the sort order of the listing.
`-t`	Sorts the listing by timestamp (latest first) instead of by name.
`-L`	If the value for the `pattern` argument is an alias, then ASMCMD displays information about the file that it references. Typically used with another flag, such as the `-l` flag.
`--absolutepath`	For each listed file, displays the absolute path of the alias that references it, if any.
`-g`	`GV$ASM_DISKGROUP.INST_ID` is included in the output.
`--suppressheader`	Suppresses column headings.
`--permission`	Shows the permissions of a file (`V$ASM_FILE.permission`, `V$ASM_FILE.owner`, `V$ASM_FILE.usergroup`, `V$ASM_ALIAS.name`).
`pattern`	Name of a file, directory, or a pattern.

Command options enable you to modify and customize the output of the command. Table 10-62 lists the options and their descriptions. For disk group information, this command queries the V$ASM_DISKGROUP_STAT view by default. If you specify all of the options, then the command shows a union of their attributes, with duplicates removed. If you enter ls +, the top level directory structure is displayed.

pattern can be a file name, directory name, or a pattern including wildcard characters. See "Wildcard Characters".

If pattern is a directory name, then ls lists the contents of the directory and depending on flag settings, ls also lists information about each directory member. Directories are listed with a trailing slash (/) to distinguish them from files.
If the value that you enter for pattern is a file name, then ls lists the file and depending on the flag settings, ls also lists information about the file. The file must be located in the current directory if the file name is specified with a relative path.

Examples

The following are examples of the ls command that display various information about directories and the contents of the directories.

Example 10-70 Using the ASMCMD ls command

ASMCMD [+] > ls +data/orcl/datafile
EXAMPLE.265.691577295
SYSAUX.257.691577149
SYSTEM.256.691577149
UNDOTBS1.258.691577151
USERS.259.691577151

ASMCMD [+] > ls -lt +data/orcl/datafile
Type      Redund  Striped  Time             Sys  Name
DATAFILE  MIRROR  COARSE   JUL 13 08:00:00  Y    EXAMPLE.265.691577295
DATAFILE  MIRROR  COARSE   JUL 13 05:00:00  Y    SYSAUX.257.691577149
DATAFILE  MIRROR  COARSE   JUL 13 02:00:00  Y    USERS.259.691577151
DATAFILE  MIRROR  COARSE   JUL 13 02:00:00  Y    UNDOTBS1.258.691577151
DATAFILE  MIRROR  COARSE   JUL 13 02:00:00  Y    SYSTEM.256.691577149

ASMCMD [+] > ls -l +data/orcl/datafile/sy*
Type      Redund  Striped  Time             Sys  Name
DATAFILE  MIRROR  COARSE   JUL 13 05:00:00  Y    SYSAUX.257.691577149
DATAFILE  MIRROR  COARSE   JUL 13 02:00:00  Y    SYSTEM.256.691577149

ASMCMD [+] > ls -s  +data/orcl/datafile
Block_Size  Blocks      Bytes       Space  Name
      8192   12801  104865792   214958080  EXAMPLE.265.691577295
      8192   88321  723525632  1452277760  SYSAUX.257.691577149
      8192   88321  723525632  1452277760  SYSTEM.256.691577149
      8192    7681   62922752   131072000  UNDOTBS1.258.691577151
      8192     641    5251072    12582912  USERS.259.691577151

ASMCMD [+] > ls --permission  +data/orcl/datafile
User  Group  Permission  Name
              rw-rw-rw-  EXAMPLE.265.691577295
              rw-rw-rw-  SYSAUX.257.691577149
              rw-rw-rw-  SYSTEM.256.691577149
              rw-rw-rw-  UNDOTBS1.258.691577151
              rw-rw-rw-  USERS.259.691577151

lsof

Purpose

Lists the open files of the local clients.

Syntax and Description

lsof [--suppressheader] {-G diskgroup|--dbname db| -C instance}

Table 10-63 lists the syntax options for the lsof command.

Table 10-63 Options for the lsof command

Option	Description
`--suppressheader`	Suppresses column headings.
`-G` `diskgroup`	List files only from the specified disk group.
`--dbname` `db`	List files only from the specified database.
`-C` `instance`	List files only from the specified instance.

Example

The following are examples of the lsof command. The first example lists the open files for the data disk group. The second example lists the open files for the Oracle ASM instance.

Example 10-71 Using the ASMCMD lsof command

ASMCMD [+] > lsof -G data
DB_Name  Instance_Name  Path                                          
orcl     orcl           +data/orcl/controlfile/current.260.691577263  
orcl     orcl           +data/orcl/datafile/example.265.691577295     
orcl     orcl           +data/orcl/datafile/sysaux.257.691577149      
orcl     orcl           +data/orcl/datafile/system.256.691577149      
orcl     orcl           +data/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.258.691577151    
orcl     orcl           +data/orcl/datafile/users.259.691577151       
orcl     orcl           +data/orcl/onlinelog/group_1.261.691577267    
orcl     orcl           +data/orcl/onlinelog/group_2.262.691577271    
orcl     orcl           +data/orcl/onlinelog/group_3.263.691577275    
orcl     orcl           +data/orcl/tempfile/temp.264.691577287 

ASMCMD [+] > lsof -C +ASM 
DB_Name  Instance_Name  Path
asmvol   +ASM           +data/VOLUME1.271.679226013
asmvol   +ASM           +data/VOLUME2.272.679227351

mapblk

Purpose

Displays where the specified file and block is located, including device path and offset within disk.

Syntax and Description

mapblk [-l] [--suppressheader] <file> <block>

Table 10-64 lists the syntax options for the mapblk command.

Table 10-64 Options for the mapblk command

Option	Description
`(none)`	Displays `Logic_Ext`, `Block_Size`, `Offset`, `Disk_Num`, `Path`.
`-l`	Displays extended information, including `Disk_Name`, `AU_Size`, `File_Num`, `Ext_Num`, `AU_Num`.
`--suppressheader`	Suppresses column header from the output.

The mapblk command displays where the specified file and block is located, including device path and offset within disk. The columns for the mapblk command output are described below:

Logic_Ext - ASM logical extent number. 0 is primary extent. 1 and 2 are secondary extents
Block_Size - Logical block size (in bytes)
Offset - Offset within ASM disk (in logical blocks)
Disk_Num - ASM disk number
Path - Device path of ASM disk
Disk_Name - ASM disk name
AU_Size - Allocation Unit size (in bytes)
File_Num - ASM file number
Ext_Num - ASM virtual Extent number
AU_Num - Allocation Unit number

Example

The following example the of mapblk command displays datafile +DATA/DB1/datafile/TBS1.256.863259515 block number 10 is located to offset 2058 in logical blocks(8192 bytes) within /dev/sdd1 and offset 4618 in logical blocks(8192 bytes) within /dev/sde1 disk group.

Example 10-72 Using the ASMCMD mapblk command

ASMCMD [+] > mapblk +DATA/DB1/datafile/TBS1.256.863259515 10
        Logic_Ext  Block_Size  Offset  Disk_Num  Path
                0        8192    2058         3  /dev/sdd1
                1        8192    4618         4  /dev/sde1

mkalias

Purpose

Creates an alias for the specified system-generated file name.

Syntax and Description

mkalias file alias

Table 10-65 lists the syntax options for the mkalias command.

Table 10-65 Options for the mkalias command

Option	Description
`file`	System-generated file name.
`alias`	Alias for the file name.

alias must be in the same disk group as the system-generated file. Only one alias is permitted for each Oracle ASM file.

Example

The following example creates the sysaux.f alias for the fully qualified file name +data/orcl/DATAFILE/SYSAUX.257.721811945. Following the mkalias command, ls --absolutepath is run to check the results.

Example 10-73 Using the ASMCMD mkalias command

ASMCMD [+data/orcl/datafile] > mkalias SYSAUX.257.721811945 sysaux.f

ASMCMD [+data/orcl/datafile] > ls --absolutepath
none => EXAMPLE.265.721812093
+DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/sysaux.f => SYSAUX.257.721811945
none => SYSTEM.256.721811945
none => UNDOTBS1.258.721811945
none => USERS.259.721811947
sysaux.f

mkdir

Purpose

Creates Oracle ASM directories under the current directory.

Syntax and Description

mkdir dir [dir . . .]

Table 10-66 lists the syntax options for the mkdir command.

Table 10-66 Options for the mkdir command

Option	Description
`dir`	Directory name to create.

The directory from which mkdir is run can be a system-created or user-created directory. You cannot create a directory at the root (+) level.

Example

The following is an example of the mkdir command. The example creates the directories subdir1 and subdir2 at the disk group level in the disk group data.

Example 10-74 Using the ASMCMD mkdir command

ASMCMD [+data] > mkdir subdir1 subdir2

ASMCMD [+data] > ls
ASM/
ORCL/
subdir1/
subdir2/

pwd

Purpose

Displays the absolute path of the current directory.

Syntax and Description

pwd

Example

The following is an example of the pwd command. The example displays the current directory.

Example 10-75 Using the ASMCMD pwd command

ASMCMD [+data/orcl/datafile] > pwd
+data/orcl/datafile

rm

Purpose

Deletes the specified Oracle ASM files and directories.

Syntax and Description

rm [-f|-r] pattern [pattern...]

Table 10-67 lists the syntax options for the rm command.

Table 10-67 Options for the rm command

Option	Description
`-r`	Recursively deletes files and subdirectories.
`-f`	Deletes files and subdirectories without prompting for confirmation.
`pattern`	Name of a file, directory, or wildcard pattern.

If pattern is a file or alias, then the rm command can delete the file or alias only if it is not currently in use. If pattern is a directory, then the rm command can delete it only if it is empty (unless the -r flag is used) and it is not a system-generated directory. If pattern is an alias, then the rm command deletes both the alias and the file to which the alias refers. To delete only an alias and retain the file that the alias references, use the rmalias command.

Note:

When you delete all of the files in a system-created directory, the directory is removed. If the parent directories are empty, all of the parent directories are also removed.

pattern can contain wildcard characters. See "Wildcard Characters".

If you use a wildcard, the rm command deletes all of the matches except nonempty directories, unless you use the -r flag. To recursively delete, use the -r flag. With -r option you can delete a nonempty directory, including all files and directories in it and in the entire directory tree underneath it. If you use the -r flag or a wildcard character, then the rm command prompts you to confirm the deletion before proceeding, unless you specify the -f flag.If a wildcard character matches an alias or a system-generated file that has an alias, then both the alias and the system-generated file that it references are deleted. When using the -r flag to delete an alias that matches a wildcard pattern, either the alias or the system-generated file that has an alias must be present in the directory in which you run the rm command.

For example, if you have a user alias, +data/dir1/file.alias that points to +data/orcl/DATAFILE/System.256.146589651, then running the rm -r +data/dir1 command removes the +data/dir1/file.alias and +data/orcl/DATAFILE/System.256.146589651.

Example

The following are examples of the rm command. The first example deletes the myexamples.bak file. The second example removes the subdir2 directory and its contents.

Example 10-76 Using the ASMCMD rm command

ASMCMD [+data/orcl/datafile] > rm myexamples.bak

ASMCMD [+data] > rm -r subdir2
You may delete multiple files and/or directories. 
Are you sure? (y/n) y

rmalias

Purpose

Removes the specified aliases, retaining the files that the aliases reference.

Syntax and Description

rmalias [-r] alias [alias...]

Table 10-68 lists the syntax options for the rmalias command.

Table 10-68 Options for the rmalias command

Option	Description
`-r`	Recursively removes aliases.
`alias`	Alias for the file name or directory.

The -r flag enables you to remove all of the aliases in the current directory and in the entire directory tree beneath the current directory. If any user-created directories become empty after deleting aliases, they are also deleted. Files and directories created by the system are not deleted.

Example

The following is an example of the rmalias command. The example deletes the alias sysaux.f, retaining the data file that it references.

Example 10-77 Using the ASMCMD rmalias command

ASMCMD [+data/orcl/datafile] > rmalias sysaux.f

ASMCMD Disk Group Management Commands

This topic provides a summary of the ASMCMD disk group management commands.

Table 10-69 lists the ASMCMD disk group management commands with brief descriptions.

Table 10-69 Summary of ASMCMD Disk group management commands

Command	Description
chdg	Changes a disk group (add, drop, rebalance, or migrate on the Exadata appliance).
chkdg	Checks or repairs a disk group.
dropdg	Drops a disk group.
iostat	Displays I/O statistics for disks.
lsattr	Lists the attributes of a disk group.
lsdg	Lists disk groups and their information.
lsdsk	Lists disks Oracle ASM disks.
lsod	Lists open devices.
md_backup	Creates a backup of the metadata of mounted disk groups.
md_restore	Restores disk groups from a backup of the metadata.
mkdg	Creates a disk group.
mount	Mounts a disk group.
offline	Offlines a disk or a failure group.
online	Onlines a disk or a failure group.
rebal	Rebalances a disk group.
remap	Relocates data in a range of physical blocks on a disk.
setsparseparent	Sets the parent for a sparse child file.
setattr	Sets attributes in a disk group.
stamp	Stamps the disk, site, and failure group labels in disk headers.
stamplist	Displays the disk, site, and failure group labels in disk headers.
umount	Dismounts a disk group.

chdg

Purpose

Modifies a disk group based on an XML configuration file.

Syntax and Description

chdg { config_file.xml | 'contents_of_xml_file' }

Table 10-70 lists the syntax options for the chdg command.

Table 10-70 Options for the chdg command

Option Description

config_file

Name of the XML file that contains the changes for the disk group. chdg searches for the XML file in the directory where ASMCMD was started unless a path is specified.

For examples of the valid tags and XML configuration file, see Example 10-78 and Example 10-79.

contents_of_xml_file

The XML script enclosed in single quotations.

The modifications include the following:

adding, dropping, and resizing disks
rebalancing or replacing the power level of a disk group

The power level can be set to the same values as the ASM_POWER_LIMIT initialization parameter
migrating an Exadata appliance from one fixed configuration to another

The migration adds more disks (an equal number of disks) to each of the existing failure groups (or cells) in the disk group.

The modification includes adding, replacing, or deleting disks from an existing disk group, and the setting rebalance or replace power level. The power level can be set to the same values as the ASM_POWER_LIMIT initialization parameter. The modification also includes the migration from one fixed appliance configuration to another fixed appliance configuration on the Exadata appliance. The migration adds more disks (and equal number of disks) to each of the existing failure groups (or cells) in the disk group.

When adding disks to a disk group, the diskstring must be specified in a format similar to the ASM_DISKSTRING initialization parameter.

The failure groups are optional parameters. The default causes every disk to belong to a its own failure group.

Dropping disks from a disk group can be performed through this operation. An individual disk can be referenced by its Oracle ASM disk name. A set of disks that belong to a failure group can be specified by the failure group name.

You can resize a disk inside a disk group with chdg. The resize operation fails if there is not enough space for storing data after the resize.

Example 10-78 shows the basic structure and the valid tags with their respective attributes for the chdg XML configuration file.

Example 10-78 Tags for the chdg XML configuration template

<chdg> update disk clause (add/delete disks/failure groups)
      name         disk group to change
      power        power to perform rebalance or replace
 
<add>  items to add are placed here
</add>

<replace>  items to replace are placed here
</replace>

<drop> items to drop are placed here
</drop>

<migrate> items to be migrated to another appliance configuration on EXADATA        
</migrate>

<fg>  failure group
      name         failure group name
</fg>

<dsk> disk
      name         disk name
      string       disk path
      size         size of the disk to add
      force        true specifies to use the force option
</dsk>

</chdg>

Example 1

The following is an example of an XML configuration file for chdg. This XML file alters the disk group named data. The failure group fg1 is dropped and the disk data_0001 is also dropped. The /dev/disk5 disk is added to failure group fg2. The rebalance power level is set to 3.

Example 10-79 chdg sample XML configuration file

<chdg name="data" power="3">
  <drop>
    <fg name="fg1"></fg>
    <dsk name="data_0001"/>
  </drop>
  <add>
    <fg name="fg2">
      <dsk string="/dev/disk5"/>
    </fg>
  </add>
</chdg>

Example 2

The following is another example of an XML configuration file for chdg. This XML file migrates the failure group named FG_01.

Example 10-80 chdg sample XML configuration file

<chdg name="DATAC1 >
       <migrate>
         <add>
            <fg name = "EXA04CEL01">
              <dsk string="o/192.168.10.18/DATAC1_CD_10_exa04cel01" name= "DATAC1_CD_10_exa04cel01" />
              <dsk string="o/192.168.10.18/DATAC1_CD_11_exa04cel01" name= "DATAC1_CD_11_exa04cel01" />
            </fg>
            <fg name = "EXA04CEL02">
              <dsk string="o/192.168.10.20/DATAC1_CD_10_exa04cel02" name= "DATAC1_CD_10_exa04cel02" />
              <dsk string="o/192.168.10.20/DATAC1_CD_11_exa04cel02" name= "DATAC1_CD_11_exa04cel02" />
            </fg>
            <fg name = "EXA04CEL03”"
              <dsk string="o/192.168.10.22/DATAC1_CD_10_exa04cel03" name= "DATAC1_CD_10_exa04cel03" />
              <dsk string="o/192.168.10.22/DATAC1_CD_11_exa04cel03" name= "DATAC1_CD_11_exa04cel03" />
            </fg>
         </add>
       </migrate>
</chdg>

Example 3

The following are examples of the chdg command with the configuration file or configuration information on the command line.

Example 10-81 Using the ASMCMD chdg command

ASMCMD [+] > chdg data_config.xml

ASMCMD [+] > chdg '<chdg name="data" power="3">
        <drop><fg name="fg1"></fg><dsk name="data_0001"/></drop>
        <add><fg name="fg2"><dsk string="/dev/disk5"/></fg></add></chdg>'

See Also:

ASM_POWER_LIMIT for information about the ASM_POWER_LIMIT initialization parameter
ASM_DISKSTRING for information about the ASM_DISKSTRING initialization parameter
Oracle ASM Failure Groups for information about failure groups
Dropping Disks from Disk Groups for information about dropping disks
Resizing Disks in Disk Groups for information about resizing disks,
mkdg for information about creating a disk group with ASMCMD mkdg
Altering Disk Groups for information about altering disk groups
Enabling the Oracle ASM appliance.mode Attribute

chkdg

Purpose

Checks or repairs the metadata of a disk group.

Syntax and Description

chkdg [--repair] diskgroup

Table 10-71 lists the syntax options for the chkdg command.

Table 10-71 Options for the chkdg command

Option	Description
`--repair`	Repairs the disk group.
`diskgroup`	Name of disk group to check or repair.

chkdg checks the metadata of a disk group for errors and optionally repairs the errors.

Example

The following is an example of the chkdg command used to check and repair the data disk group.

Example 10-82 Using the ASMCMD chkdg command

ASMCMD [+] > chkdg --repair data

dropdg

Purpose

Drops a disk group.

Syntax and Description

dropdg [-r [-f]] diskgroup

Table 10-72 lists the syntax options for the dropdg command.

Table 10-72 Options for the dropdg command

Option	Description
`-f`	Force the operation. Only applicable if the disk group cannot be mounted.
`-r`	Recursive, include contents.
`diskgroup`	Name of disk group to drop.

dropdg drops an existing disk group. The disk group should not be mounted on multiple nodes.

Example

These are examples of the use of dropdg. The first example forces the drop of the disk group data, including any data in the disk group. The second example drops the disk group fra, including any data in the disk group.

Example 10-83 Using the ASMCMD dropdg command

ASMCMD [+] > dropdg -r -f data

ASMCMD [+] > dropdg -r fra

iostat

Purpose

Displays I/O statistics for Oracle ASM disks in mounted disk groups.

Syntax and Description

iostat [--suppressheader] [-et] [--io] [--region] 
        [-G diskgroup] [interval]

iostat lists disk group statistics using the V$ASM_DISK_STAT view.

Table 10-73 lists the syntax options for the iostat command.

Table 10-73 Options for the iostat command

Option	Description
`-e`	Displays error statistics (Read_Err, Write_Err).
`-G` `diskgroup`	Displays statistics for the disk group name.
`--suppressheader`	Suppresses column headings.
`--io`	Displays information in number of I/Os, instead of bytes.
`-t`	Displays time statistics (Read_Time, Write_Time).
`--region`	Displays information for cold and hot disk regions (Cold_Reads, Cold_Writes, Hot_Reads, Hot_Writes). Note: Disk region attributes default to cold and cold is the only permitted setting. This means that values for Hot_Reads and Hot_Writes are zero.
`interval`	Refreshes the statistics display based on the interval value (seconds). Use CTRL+C to stop the interval display.

Table 10-74 shows the statistics for a disk group. To view the complete set of statistics for a disk group, use the V$ASM_DISK_STAT and V$ASM_DISK_IOSTAT views.

Table 10-74 Attribute descriptions for iostat command output

Attribute Name	Description
Group_Name	Name of the disk group.
Dsk_Name	Name of the disk.
Reads	Number of bytes read from the disk. If the `--io` option is entered, then the value is displayed as number of I/Os.
Writes	Number of bytes written to the disk. If the `--io` option is entered, then the value is displayed as number of I/Os.
Cold_Reads	Number of bytes read from the cold disk region. If the `--io` option is entered, then the value is displayed as number of I/Os.
Cold_Writes	Number of bytes written from the cold disk region. If the `--io` option is entered, then the value is displayed as number of I/Os.
Hot_Reads	Number of bytes read from the hot disk region. If the `--io` option is entered, then the value is displayed as number of I/Os. Note: Disk region attributes default to cold and cold is the only permitted setting. This means that values for Hot_Reads and Hot_Writes are zero.
Hot_Writes	Number of bytes written to the hot disk region. If the `--io` option is entered, then the value is displayed as number of I/Os. Note: Disk region attributes default to cold and cold is the only permitted setting. This means that values for Hot_Reads and Hot_Writes are zero.
Read_Err	Number of failed I/O read requests for the disk.
Write_Err	Number of failed I/O write requests for the disk.
Read_Time	I/O time (in seconds) for read requests for the disk if the `TIMED_STATISTICS` initialization parameter is set to `TRUE` (0 if set to `FALSE`).
Write_Time	I/O time (in seconds) for write requests for the disk if the `TIMED_STATISTICS` initialization parameter is set to `TRUE` (0 if set to `FALSE`).

If a refresh interval is not specified, the number displayed represents the total number of bytes or I/Os. If a refresh interval is specified, then the value displayed (bytes or I/Os) is the difference between the previous and current values, not the total value.

Example

The following are examples of the iostat command. The first example displays disk I/O statistics for the data disk group in total number of bytes. The second example displays disk I/O statistics for the data disk group in total number of I/O operations.

Example 10-84 Using the ASMCMD iostat command

ASMCMD [+] > iostat -G data
Group_Name  Dsk_Name   Reads       Writes     
DATA        DATA_0000  180488192   473707520  
DATA        DATA_0001  1089585152  469538816  
DATA        DATA_0002  191648256   489570304  
DATA        DATA_0003  175724032   424845824  
DATA        DATA_0004  183421952   781429248  
DATA        DATA_0005  1102540800  855269888  
DATA        DATA_0006  171290624   447662592  
DATA        DATA_0007  172281856   361337344  
DATA        DATA_0008  173225472   390840320  
DATA        DATA_0009  288497152   838680576  
DATA        DATA_0010  196657152   375764480  
DATA        DATA_0011  436420096   356003840  

ASMCMD [+] > iostat --io -G data
Group_Name  Dsk_Name   Reads  Writes  
DATA        DATA_0000  2801   34918   
DATA        DATA_0001  58301  35700   
DATA        DATA_0002  3320   36345   
DATA        DATA_0003  2816   10629   
DATA        DATA_0004  2883   34850   
DATA        DATA_0005  59306  38097   
DATA        DATA_0006  2151   10129   
DATA        DATA_0007  2686   10376   
DATA        DATA_0008  2105   8955    
DATA        DATA_0009  9121   36713   
DATA        DATA_0010  3557   8596    
DATA        DATA_0011  17458  9269

lsattr

Purpose

Lists the attributes of a disk group.

Syntax and Description

lsattr [--suppressheader][-G diskgroup ] [-lm] [pattern]

Table 10-75 lists the syntax options for the lsattr command.

Table 10-75 Options for the lsattr command

Option	Description
`-G` `diskgroup`	Disk group name.
`--suppressheader`	Suppresses column headings.
`-l`	Display names with values.
`-m`	Displays additional information, such as the RO and Sys columns.
`pattern`	Display the attributes that contain pattern expression.

Note:

Attributes are only displayed for disk groups where COMPATIBLE.ASM is set to 11.1 or higher.

Information about disk group attributes is retrieved from the V$ASM_ATTRIBUTE view. For information about disk group attributes, refer to Managing Disk Group Attributes.

The RO (read-only) column identifies those attributes that can only be set when a disk group is created. The Sys column identifies those attributes that are system-created.

To display information about the disk group template attributes, refer to lstmpl.

To set disk group attributes, refer to setattr.

Example

The following are examples of the lsattr command. The first displays information about all attributes for the data disk group. The second example displays only those attributes with names containing the string compat for the fra disk group. Note the use of both the % and * wildcard characters on Linux.

Example 10-85 Using the ASMCMD lsattr command

ASMCMD [+] > lsattr -lm -G data
Group_Name  Name                        Value         RO  Sys  
DATA        access_control.enabled      FALSE         N   Y    
DATA        access_control.umask        066           N   Y    
DATA        appliance._partnering_type  GENERIC       Y   Y    
DATA        ate_conversion_done         true          Y   Y    
DATA        au_size                     1048576       Y   Y    
DATA        cell.smart_scan_capable     FALSE         N   N    
DATA        cell.sparse_dg              allnonsparse  N   N    
DATA        compatible.advm             19.0.0.0.0    N   Y    
DATA        compatible.asm              19.0.0.0.0    N   Y    
DATA        compatible.rdbms            19.0.0.0.0    N   Y    
DATA        content.check               FALSE         N   Y    
DATA        content.type                data          N   Y    
DATA        content_hardcheck.enabled   FALSE         N   Y    
DATA        disk_repair_time            12.0h         N   Y    
DATA        failgroup_repair_time       24.0h         N   Y    
DATA        idp.boundary                auto          N   Y
DATA        idp.type                    dynamic       N   Y    
DATA        logical_sector_size         512           N   Y    
DATA        phys_meta_replicated        true          Y   Y    
DATA        preferred_read.enabled      FALSE         N   Y    
DATA        scrub_async_limit           1             N   Y    
DATA        scrub_metadata.enabled      TRUE          N   Y    
DATA        sector_size                 512           N   Y    
DATA        thin_provisioned            FALSE         N   Y    
DATA        vam_migration_done          false         Y   Y

ASMCMD [+] > lsattr -G fra -l %compat*
Name              Value
compatible.advm   19.0.0.0.0  
compatible.asm    19.0.0.0.0  
compatible.rdbms  19.0.0.0.0

lsdg

Purpose

Lists mounted disk groups and their information. lsdg queries V$ASM_DISKGROUP_STAT by default. If the --discovery flag is specified, the V$ASM_DISKGROUP is queried instead. The output also includes notification of any current rebalance operation for a disk group. If a disk group is specified, then lsdg returns only information about that disk group.

Syntax and Description

lsdg [--suppressheader] [-g] [--discovery] [pattern]

Table 10-76 lists the options for the lsdg command.

Table 10-76 Options for the lsdg command

Option	Description
(none)	Displays the disk group attributes listed in Table 10-77.
`--discovery`	Selects from `V$ASM_DISKGROUP`, or from `GV$ASM_DISKGROUP` if the -g flag is also specified. This option is always enabled if the Oracle ASM instance is version 10.1 or earlier. This flag is disregarded if `lsdg` is running in non-connected mode.
`-g`	Selects from `GV$ASM_DISKGROUP_STAT`, or from `GV$ASM_DISKGROUP` if the `--discovery` flag is also specified. `GV$ASM_DISKGROUP.INST_ID` is included in the output. The Rebal attribute value is derived from the value of the OPERATION column in the `GV$ASM_OPERATION` view. The PASS column in `GV$ASM_OPERATION` also indicates if a rebalance operation is running.
`--suppressheader`	Suppresses column headings.
`pattern`	Returns only information about the specified disk group or disk groups that match the supplied pattern. See "Wildcard Characters".

Table 10-77 shows the attributes for each disk group. To view the complete set of attributes for a disk group, use the V$ASM_DISKGROUP_STAT or V$ASM_DISKGROUP view.

See Also:

Oracle Database Reference for descriptions of disk group information displayed in the V$ASM_DISKGROUP view

Table 10-77 Attribute descriptions for lsdg command output

Attribute Name	Description
State	State of the disk group. For example, `BROKEN`, `CONNECTED`, `DISMOUNTED`, `MOUNTED`, `QUIESCING`, or `UNKNOWN`.
Type	Disk group redundancy. For example, `NORMAL`, `HIGH`, `FLEX`, or `EXTERNAL`.
Rebal	`Y` indicates that a rebalance operation is in progress.
Sector	Sector size in bytes.
Block	Block size in bytes.
AU	Allocation unit size in bytes.
Total_MB	Size of the disk group in megabytes.
Free_MB	Free space in the disk group in megabytes, without regard to redundancy. From the `V$ASM_DISKGROUP` view.
Req_mir_free_MB	Amount of space that must be available in the disk group to restore full redundancy after the most severe failure that can be tolerated by the disk group. This is the `REQUIRED_MIRROR_FREE_MB` column from the `V$ASM_DISKGROUP` view.
Usable_file_MB	Amount of free space, adjusted for mirroring, that is available for new files. From the `V$ASM_DISKGROUP` view.
Offline_disks	Number of offline disks in the disk group. Offline disks are eventually dropped.
Voting_files	Specifies whether the disk group contains voting files (`Y` or `N`).
Name	Disk group name.

Example

The following example lists the attributes of the data disk group.

Example 10-86 Using the ASMCMD lsdg command

ASMCMD [+] > lsdg data
State    Type    Rebal  Sector  Block       AU  Total_MB  Free_MB  Req_mir_free_MB  Usable_file_MB
MOUNTED  NORMAL  N         512   4096  4194304     12288     8835             1117            3859

(continued)
Offline_disks  Voting_files  Name
            0             N  DATA

lsdsk

Purpose

Lists Oracle ASM disks.

Syntax and Description

lsdsk [--suppressheader] [-kptgMI] [-G diskgroup ]
         [ --member|--candidate]
         [--discovery][--statistics][pattern]

Table 10-78 lists the options for the lsdsk command.

Table 10-78 Options for the lsdsk command

Option	Description
(none)	Displays the `PATH` column of the `V$ASM_DISK_STAT` view.
`-k`	Displays the `TOTAL_MB`, `FREE_MB`, `OS_MB`,`NAME`, `FAILGROUP`, `LIBRARY`, `LABEL`, `UDID`, `PRODUCT`, `REDUNDANCY`, and `PATH` columns of the `V$ASM_DISK` view.
`--statistics`	Displays the `READS`, `WRITES`, `READ_ERRS`, `WRITE_ERRS`, `READ_TIME`, `WRITE_TIME`, `BYTES_READ`, `BYTES_WRITTEN`, and the `PATH` columns of the `V$ASM_DISK` view.
`-p`	Displays the `GROUP_NUMBER`, `DISK_NUMBER`, `INCARNATION`, `MOUNT_STATUS`, `HEADER_STATUS`, `MODE_STATUS`, `STATE`, and the `PATH` columns of the `V$ASM_DISK` view.
`-t`	Displays the `CREATE_DATE`, `MOUNT_DATE`, `REPAIR_TIMER`, and the `PATH` columns of the `V$ASM_DISK` view.
`-g`	Selects from `GV$ASM_DISK_STAT`, or from `GV$ASM_DISK` if the `--discovery` flag is also specified. `GV$ASM_DISK.INST_ID` is included in the output.
`--discovery`	Selects from `V$ASM_DISK`, or from `GV$ASM_DISK` if the -g flag is also specified. This option is always enabled if the Oracle ASM instance is version 10.1 or earlier. This flag is disregarded if `lsdsk` is running in non-connected mode.
`--suppressheader`	Suppresses column headings.
`-I`	Scans disk headers for information rather than extracting the information from an Oracle ASM instance. This option forces non-connected mode.
`-G`	Restricts results to only those disks that belong to the group specified by `diskgroup`.
`-M`	Displays the disks that are visible to some but not all active instances. These are disks that, if included in a disk group, cause the mount of that disk group to fail on the instances where the disks are not visible.
`--candidate`	Restricts results to only disks having membership status equal to `CANDIDATE`.
`--member`	Restricts results to only disks having membership status equal to `MEMBER`.
`pattern`	Returns only information about the specified disks that match the supplied pattern.

The lsdsk command can run in connected or non-connected mode. The connected mode is always attempted first. The -I option forces non-connected mode.

In connected mode, lsdsk uses the V$ASM_DISK_STAT and V$ASM_DISK dynamic views to retrieve disk information. The V$ASM_DISK_STAT view is used by default.
In non-connected mode, lsdsk scans disk headers to retrieve disk information. Some information is not available in this mode and some options are not valid combinations with this mode.

Note:

The non-connected mode is not supported on Windows.

pattern restricts the output to only disks that match the pattern specified. Wild-card characters and slashes (/ or \) can be part of the pattern. pattern should be specified as the last option for the command. For information about wildcards, see "Wildcard Characters".

The -k, -p, -t, and --statistics options modify how much information is displayed for each disk. If any combination of the options are specified, then the output shows the union of the attributes associated with each flag.

Example

The following are examples of the lsdsk command. The first and second examples list information about disks in the data disk group. The third example lists information about candidate disks.

Example 10-87 Using the ASMCMD lsdsk command

ASMCMD [+] > lsdsk -t -G data
Create_Date  Mount_Date  Repair_Timer  Path
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diska1
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diska2
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diska3
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diskb1
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diskb2
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diskb3
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diskc1
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diskc2
...

ASMCMD [+] > lsdsk -p -G data /devices/diska*
Group_Num  Disk_Num      Incarn  Mount_Stat  Header_Stat  Mode_Stat  State   Path
        1         0  2105454210  CACHED      MEMBER       ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diska1
        1         1  2105454199  CACHED      MEMBER       ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diska2
        1         2  2105454205  CACHED      MEMBER       ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diska3

ASMCMD [+] > lsdsk --candidate -p
Group_Num  Disk_Num      Incarn  Mount_Stat  Header_Stat  Mode_Stat  State   Path
        0         5  2105454171  CLOSED      CANDIDATE    ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diske1
        0        25  2105454191  CLOSED      CANDIDATE    ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diske2
        0        18  2105454184  CLOSED      CANDIDATE    ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diske3
        0        31  2105454197  CLOSED      CANDIDATE    ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diskk1
        0        21  2105454187  CLOSED      CANDIDATE    ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diskk2
        0        26  2105454192  CLOSED      CANDIDATE    ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diskk3
        0        14  2105454180  CLOSED      CANDIDATE    ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diskl1
...

lsod

Purpose

Lists the open Oracle ASM disks.

Syntax and Description

lsod [--suppressheader] [-G diskgroup] [--process process] [pattern]

Table 10-79 lists the syntax options for the lsod command.

Table 10-79 Options for the lsod command

Option	Description
`--suppressheader`	Suppresses column header information from the output.
`-G` `diskgroup`	Specifies the disk group that contains the open disks.
`--process` `process`	Specifies a pattern to filter the list of processes.
`pattern`	Specifies a pattern to filter the list of disks.

The rebalance operation (RBAL) opens a disk both globally and locally so the same disk may be listed twice in the output for the RBAL process.

Example

The following are examples of the lsod command. The first example lists the open devices associated with the data disk group and the LGWR process. The second example lists the open devices associated with the LGWR process for disks that match the diska pattern.

Example 10-88 Using the ASMCMD lsod command

ASMCMD [+] > lsod -G data --process *LGWR*
Instance Process                  OSPID Path
1        oracle@myserver02 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diska1 
1        oracle@myserver02 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diska2 
1        oracle@myserver02 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diska3 
1        oracle@myserver02 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diskb1 
1        oracle@myserver02 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diskb2 
1        oracle@myserver02 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diskb3 
1        oracle@myserver02 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diskd1 

ASMCMD [+] > lsod --process *LGWR* *diska*
Instance Process                  OSPID Path
1        oracle@myserver02 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diska1 
1        oracle@myserver02 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diska2 
1        oracle@myserver02 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diska3

For another example of the lsod command, see Example 10-2.

md_backup

Purpose

The md_backup command creates a backup file containing metadata for one or more disk groups.

Syntax and Description

md_backup backup_file 
         [-G 'diskgroup [,diskgroup,...]'] --acfs_sec_encr

Table 10-80 describes the options for the md_backup command.

Table 10-80 Options for the md_backup command

Option	Description
`backup_file`	Specifies the backup file in which you want to store the metadata.
`-G` `diskgroup`	Specifies the disk group name of the disk group that must be backed up
`--acfs_sec_encr`	Specifies that security, encryption, or audit metadata information from Oracle ACFS is backed up.

By default all the mounted disk groups are included in the backup file, which is saved in the current working directory if a path is not specified with the file name.

The md_backup command backs up Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System (Oracle ACFS) metadata information for the contained Oracle ASM Dynamic Volume Manager(Oracle ADVM) volumes, including stripe size, redundancy, and other items. This command also backs up Oracle ACFS file system configuration metadata, such as compression and resize attributes, block size, and created snapshots. Additional metadata and configuration attributes may be backed up; however, Oracle ACFS file system data and Oracle ACFS CRS Resource information is not backed up.

Example

The first example shows the use of the backup command when run without the disk group option. This example backs up all the mounted disk groups and creates the backup image in the /scratch/backup/alldgs20100422 file. The second example creates a backup of the data disk group. The metadata backup that this example creates is saved in the /scratch/backup/data20100422 file.

Example 10-89 Using the ASMCMD md_backup command

ASMCMD [+] > md_backup /scratch/backup/alldgs20100422
Disk group metadata to be backed up: DATA
Disk group metadata to be backed up: FRA
Current alias directory path: ORCL/ONLINELOG
Current alias directory path: ORCL/PARAMETERFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL
Current alias directory path: ASM
Current alias directory path: ORCL/DATAFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL/CONTROLFILE
Current alias directory path: ASM/ASMPARAMETERFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL/TEMPFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL/ARCHIVELOG/2010_04_20
Current alias directory path: ORCL
Current alias directory path: ORCL/BACKUPSET/2010_04_21
Current alias directory path: ORCL/ARCHIVELOG/2010_04_19
Current alias directory path: ORCL/BACKUPSET/2010_04_22
Current alias directory path: ORCL/ONLINELOG
Current alias directory path: ORCL/BACKUPSET/2010_04_20
Current alias directory path: ORCL/ARCHIVELOG
Current alias directory path: ORCL/BACKUPSET
Current alias directory path: ORCL/ARCHIVELOG/2010_04_22
Current alias directory path: ORCL/DATAFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL/CONTROLFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL/ARCHIVELOG/2010_04_21

ASMCMD [+] > md_backup /scratch/backup/data20100422 -G data
Disk group metadata to be backed up: DATA
Current alias directory path: ORCL/ONLINELOG
Current alias directory path: ASM
Current alias directory path: ORCL/CONTROLFILE
Current alias directory path: ASM/ASMPARAMETERFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL/PARAMETERFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL
Current alias directory path: ORCL/DATAFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL/TEMPFILE

md_restore

Purpose

The md_restore command restores disk groups from a metadata backup file.

Syntax and Description

md_restore  backup_file [--silent]
     [--full|--nodg|--newdg -o 'old_diskgroup:new_diskgroup [,...]']
   [--acfs_sec_encr user:group | 
    --acfs_sec_encr user:group --acfs_audit user:mgr_group:auditor_group ]
     [-S sql_script_file] [-G 'diskgroup [,diskgroup...]']

Table 10-81 describes the options for the md_restore command.

Table 10-81 Options for the md_restore command

Option	Description
`backup_file`	Reads the metadata information from `backup_file`.
`--silent`	Ignore errors. Typically, if `md_restore` encounters an error, it stops. Specifying this flag ignores any errors.
`--full`	Specifies to create a disk group and restore metadata.
`--nodg`	Specifies to restore metadata only.
`--newdg` `-o` `old_diskgroup:new_diskgroup`]	Specifies to create a disk group with a different name when restoring metadata. The `-o` option is required with `--newdg`.
`--acfs_sec_encr user:group`	Restores the metadata of security or encryption or both. The colon separated user and group is used for security metadata restoration. During metadata restore, security or encryption or both must be initialized. If security or encryption or both are not pre-initialized, the colon separated values passed to the `--acfs_sec_encr` option are used to initialize security. Encryption is initialized with the SSO wallet.
`--acfs_audit user:mgr_group:auditor_group`	Restores audit metadata information on an Oracle ACFS file system. The colon separated values are used to initialize and execute audit commands. During metadata restore, audit must be initialized. If audit is not pre-initialized, the audit layer is initialized using the colon separated values given to the `--acfs_audit` option. The `--acfs_audit` option requires the `--acfs_sec_encr` option.
`-S` `sql_script_file`	Write SQL commands to the specified SQL script file instead of executing the commands.
`-G` `diskgroup`	Select the disk groups to be restored. If no disk groups are defined, then all disk groups are restored.

Example

Note the following when restoring Oracle ACFS information:

When restoring the metadata of a file system, the user id is set to the user id that owned the file system when the metadata backup was created. This user id should exist on the restore cluster.
md_restore restores Oracle ACFS metadata information. To run the metadata restore for Oracle ACFS file systems, a script is created. This script must be run as root to format file systems. Metadata for the contained Oracle ADVM volumes, such as stripe size and redundancy, is restored. Oracle ACFS file system configuration metadata, such as compression and resize attributes, block size, and created snapshots, is also restored. Oracle ACFS file System data and ACFS CRS Resource information is not restored.
If using the --silent option while specifying a single disk group, and there is a dependency due to Oracle ADVM metadata or Oracle ACFS accelerators on another disk group, that dependency is dropped, and you must manually recreate that dependency later.
When restoring Oracle ACFS encryption or security, file system extended attributes (xattrs) must be restored with the user data. It is very important to document that xattrs need to be stored and restored with the file system application data. Without the xattrs, there is no security or encryption. xattrs describe which security realms the file is a part of. With no xattr, the file ends up in no realm. The converse is that a file with xattrs, but no security initialized, ends up in no realm.
During metadata restore, a file with a list of previously configured snapshots is created. Snapshot data is not restored, as the point in time sparse snapshot views cannot be recreated.
If Oracle ACFS security is in use, and the metadata security information for the file system has not been backed up, this information may be copied by the security administrator to the metadata backup file location, and then restored with the rest of the disk group information.
If Oracle ACFS security and encryption is being restored, the user and password may be pre-initialized. If it is not, the username provided is used to initialize Oracle ACFS security and encryption, with a default password which is displayed.

The first example restores the disk group data from the backup script and creates a copy. The second example takes an existing disk group data and restores its metadata. The third example restores disk group data completely but the new disk group that is created is named data2. The fourth example restores from the backup file after applying the overrides defined in the override.sql script file.

Example 10-90 Using the ASMCMD md_restore command

ASMCMD [+] > md_restore –-full –G data –-silent /scratch/backup/alldgs20100422

ASMCMD [+] > md_restore –-nodg –G data –-silent /scratch/backup/alldgs20100422

ASMCMD [+] > md_restore –-newdg -o 'data:data2' --silent /scratch/backup/data20100422

ASMCMD [+] > md_restore -S override.sql --silent /scratch/backup/data20100422

mkdg

Purpose

Creates a disk group based on an XML configuration file.

Syntax and Description

mkdg { config_file.xml | 'contents_of_xml_file' }

Table 10-82 lists the syntax options for the mkdg command.

Table 10-82 Options for the mkdg command

Option	Description
`config_file`	Name of the XML file that contains the configuration for the new disk group. `mkdg` searches for the XML file in the directory where ASMCMD was started unless a path is specified. For examples of the valid tags and XML configuration file, see Example 10-91 and Example 10-92.
`contents_of_xml_file`	The XML script enclosed in single quotations.

mkdg creates a new disk group with an XML configuration file that specifies the name of the disk group, redundancy, attributes, and paths of the disks that form the disk group. Redundancy is an optional parameter; the default is normal redundancy. For some types of redundancy, disks are required to be gathered into failure groups. In the case that failure groups are not specified for a disk group, each disk in the disk group belongs to its own failure group.

The mkdg command only mounts a disk group on the local node.

It is possible to set some disk group attribute values during disk group creation. Some attributes, such as AU_SIZE and SECTOR_SIZE, can be set only during disk group creation.

Example 10-91 shows the basic structure and the valid tags with their respective attributes for the mkdg XML configuration file.

Example 10-91 Tags for mkdg XML configuration file

<dg>  disk group
      name         disk group name
      redundancy   normal, external, high
 
<fg>  failure group
      name         failure group name
</fg>

<dsk> disk
      name         disk name
      string       disk path
      size         size of the disk to add
      force        true specifies to use the force option
</dsk>

<a>   attribute
      name         attribute name
      value        attribute value
</a>

</dg>

Example

The following is an example of an XML configuration file for mkdg. The configuration file creates a disk group named data with normal redundancy. Two failure groups, fg1 and fg2, are created, each with two disks identified by associated disk strings. The disk group compatibility attributes are all set to 19.0.

Example 10-92 mkdg sample XML configuration file

<dg name="data" redundancy="normal">
  <fg name="fg1">
    <dsk string="/dev/disk1"/>
    <dsk string="/dev/disk2"/>
  </fg>
  <fg name="fg2">
    <dsk string="/dev/disk3"/>
    <dsk string="/dev/disk4"/>
  </fg>
  <a name="compatible.asm" value="19.0"/>
  <a name="compatible.rdbms" value="19.0"/>
  <a name="compatible.advm" value="19.0"/>
</dg>

The following are examples of the mkdg command. The first example runs mkdg with an XML configuration file in the directory where ASMCMD was started. The second example runs mkdg using information on the command line.

Example 10-93 Using the ASMCMD mkdg command

ASMCMD [+] > mkdg data_config.xml

ASMCMD [+] > mkdg '<dg name="data"><dsk string="/dev/disk*"/></dg>'

See Also:

Managing Disk Group Attributes for more information about disk groups attributes
Disk Group Compatibility for information about disk group compatibility attributes
chdg for information about altering a disk group with ASMCMD chdg
Creating Disk Groups for information about creating a disk group

mount

Purpose

Mounts a disk group.

Syntax and Description

mount [--restrict] { [-a] | [-f] diskgroup[ diskgroup ...] }

Table 10-83 lists the syntax options for the mount command.

Table 10-83 Options for the mount command

Option	Description
`diskgroup`	Name of the disk group.
`-a`	Mounts all disk groups.
`--restrict`	Mounts in restricted mode.
`-f`	Forces the mount operation.

This operation mounts one or more disk groups. A disk group can be mounted with or without force or restricted options. For more information about mounting disk groups, see "Mounting and Dismounting Disk Groups".

Example

The following are examples of the mount command showing the use of the force, restrict, and all options.

Example 10-94 Using the ASMCMD mount command

ASMCMD [+] > mount -f data

ASMCMD [+] > mount --restrict data

ASMCMD [+] > mount -a

offline

Purpose

Offline disks or failure groups that belong to a disk group.

Syntax and Description

offline -G diskgroup 
        { -F failgroup |-D disk}
        [-t {minutes | hours}]

Table 10-84 lists the syntax options for the offline command.

Table 10-84 Options for the offline command

Option	Description
`-G` `diskgroup`	Disk group name.
`-F` `failgroup`	Failure group name.
`-D` `disk`	Specifies a single disk name.
`-t` `minutes` \| `hours`	Specifies the time before the specified disk is dropped as `nm` or `nh`, where `m` specifies minutes and `h` specifies hours. For example, `120m` or `2h`.The default unit is hours.

When a failure group is specified, this implies all the disks that belong to it should be offlined.

Example

The following are examples of the offline command. The first example offlines the failgroup1 failure group of the data disk group. The second example offlines the data_0001 disk of the data disk group with a time of 1.5 hours before the disk is dropped.

Example 10-95 Using the ASMCMD offline command

ASMCMD [+] > offline -G data -F failgroup1

ASMCMD [+] > offline -G data -D data_0001 -t 1.5h

online

Purpose

Online all disks, a single disk, or a failure group that belongs to a disk group.

Syntax and Description

online -G diskgroup { -a | -F failgroup |-D disk} 
       [--power n] [-w]

Table 10-85 lists the syntax options for the online command.

Table 10-85 Options for the online command

Option	Description
`-a`	Online all offline disks in the disk group.
`-G` `diskgroup`	Disk group name.
`-F` `failgroup`	Failure group name.
`-D` `disk`	Disk name.
`--power` `n`	Specifies the power option (`1` to `1024`) which determines the level of resources for the disk resync and disk group rebalance. Larger values result in faster disk resync and disk group rebalance. The default is `1`.
`-w`	Wait option. Causes ASMCMD to wait for the disk group to be rebalanced before returning control to the user. The default is not waiting.

When a failure group is specified, this implies all the disks that belong to it should be onlined.

Example

The following are examples of the online command. The first example onlines all disks in the failgroup1 failure group of the data disk group with the wait option enabled. The second example onlines the data_0001 disk in the data disk group.

Example 10-96 Using the ASMCMD online command

ASMCMD [+] > online -G data -F failgroup1 -w 

ASMCMD [+] > online -G data -D data_0001

rebal

Purpose

Rebalances a disk group.

Syntax and Description

rebal [--default | --modify power] [--with phase,... | --without phase,...] 
                                        [--power power] [-w] diskgroup

Table 10-86 lists the syntax options for the rebal command.

Table 10-86 Options for the rebal command

Option	Description
`–default`	Sets the rebalance power to the default, which is the value of the `ASM_POWER_LIMIT` initialization parameter. This option does not restart the rebalance operation.
`--modify` `power`	Modifies the rebalance power without restarting the rebalance operation. Accepted values are the same as `ASM_POWER_LIMIT` (`0` to `1024`). A value of `0` disables rebalancing.
`--with` `phase`	Runs rebalance only on the specified phases. Available phases are `prepare`, `balance`, and `compact`. The phases must be separated by a single comma. If this option is specified, at least one phase must be specified.
`--without` `phase`	Does not run rebalance on the specified phases. Phases are `prepare`, `balance`, and `compact`. The phases must be separated by a single comma. If this option is specified, at least one phase must be specified.
`--power` `power`	Specifies the power setting. Accepted values are the same as `ASM_POWER_LIMIT` (`0` to `1024`). A value of `0` disables rebalancing.
`-w`	Specifies the wait option. ASMCMD waits for the disk group to be rebalanced before returning control to the user. The default is not waiting.
`diskgroup`	Specifies the disk group name.

The power level can be set to the same values as the ASM_POWER_LIMIT initialization parameter. A value of 0 disables rebalancing. If the rebalance power is not specified, the value defaults to the setting of the ASM_POWER_LIMIT initialization parameter.

You can determine if a rebalance operation is occurring with the ASMCMD lsop command.

Example

In the following example, the first rebal command rebalances the FRA disk group with a power level set to 4, performing only the balance and compact phases. The second rebal command rebalances the DATA disk group with the rebalance power set to 1, but does not restart the rebalance operation.

Example 10-97 Using the ASMCMD rebal command

ASMCMD [+] > rebal --with balance,compact --power 4 FRA

ASMCMD [+] > lsop
Group_Name  Operation  State  Power
FRA         REBAL      RUN    4   
     
ASMCMD [+] > rebal --modify 1 DATA

See Also:

ASM_POWER_LIMIT and Tuning Rebalance Operations for information about the power level
lsop for information about the ASMCMD lsop command
Manually Rebalancing Disk Groups for more information about rebalancing a disk group

remap

Purpose

Marks a range of blocks as unusable on the disk and relocates any data allocated in that range.

Syntax and Description

remap diskgroup disk block_range

Table 10-87 lists the syntax options for the remap command.

Table 10-87 Options for the remap command

Option	Description
`diskgroup`	Disk group name in which a disk must have data relocated.
`disk`	Name of the disk that must have data relocated. The name must match the `NAME` column in the `V$ASM_DISK` view.
`block_range`	Range of physical blocks to relocate in the format `start_range_number-end_range_number`.

The remap command only relocates blocks. It does not correct or repair blocks that contain corrupted contents. The command uses a physical block size based on the SECTOR_SIZE disk group attribute.

Examples

The first example remaps blocks 5000 through 5999 for disk DATA_0001 in disk group DATA. The second example remaps blocks 6230 through 6339 for disk FRA_0002 in disk group FRA

Example 10-98 Using the ASMCMD remap command

ASMCMD [+] > remap DATA DATA_0001 5000-5999

ASMCMD [+] > remap FRA FRA_0002 6230-6339

setsparseparent

Purpose

Sets the parent for a sparse child file.

Syntax and Description

setsparseparent child_file1 [child_file2 ...] parent_file

The following table lists the syntax options for the setsparseparent command.

Table 10-88 Options for the setsparseparent command

Option	Description
`child_fileN`	Name of the child file.
`parent_file`	Name of the parent file.

The following are the examples of setsparseparent command. The first example sets a parent file in the data disk group to a sparse file in the sparse disk group. The second example sets a parent file in the data disk group to multiple sparse files in the sparse disk group.

Example 10-99 Using the ASMCMD setsparseparent command

ASMCMD [+] > setsparseparent +SPARSEDG/child.1.10 +DATA/parent.1.f
setting parent of +SPARSEDG/child.1.10 to +DATA/parent.1.f

ASMCMD [+] > setsparseparent +SPARSEDG/child.1a.10 +SPARSEDG/child.1b.11 +SPARSEDG/child.1c.12 +DATA/parent.1.f
setting parent of +SPARSEDG/child.1a.10 to +DATA/parent.1.f
setting parent of +SPARSEDG/child.1b.11 to +DATA/parent.1.f
setting parent of +SPARSEDG/child.1c.12 to +DATA/parent.1.f

setattr

Purpose

Sets the attributes for an Oracle ASM disk group.

Syntax and Description

setattr -G diskgroup attribute_name attribute_value

Table 10-89 lists the syntax options for the setattr command.

Table 10-89 Options for the setattr command

Option	Description
`-G` `diskgroup`	Disk group name.
`attribute_name`	Name of the attribute.
`attribute_value`	Value of the attribute.

The COMPATIBLE.ASM attribute must be advanced before advancing other disk group compatibility attributes and its value must be greater than or equal to the value of other disk group compatibility attributes.

For information about disk group attributes, see "Managing Disk Group Attributes".

Example

The following are examples of the setattr command. The first example sets the disk group attribute COMPATIBLE.ASM for the data disk group. The second example sets the disk group attribute COMPATIBLE.RDBMS for the data disk group.

Example 10-100 Using the ASMCMD setattr command

ASMCMD [+] > setattr -G data compatible.asm 19.0

ASMCMD [+] > setattr -G data compatible.rdbms 19.0

stamp

Purpose

Stamps the disk, site, and failure group labels in disk headers.

Syntax and Description

stamp --dscstr disk_discovery_string 
      [--site site_name --failgroup failgroup_name]
      [--disk disk_label] [-f]

The following table describes the options for the stamp command.

Table 10-90 Options for the stamp command

Option	Description
`--dscstrdisk_discovery_string`	Specifies the disk discovery string that identifies the disks on which to stamp labels.
`--site site_name`	Specifies the site label name.
`--failgroup failgroup_name`	Specifies the failure group label. Required when the site label is specified.
`--disk disk_label`	Specifies the disk label.
`-f`	Specifies to force the action.

ASMCMD stamp enables the users to stamp the disk, site, and fail group labels on disk headers. Using stamp is more efficient than individually specifying label information during installation and creation of disk groups.

Site label and fail groups labels are used for the site names and fail group names when creating and altering a disk group. Disk labels are only intended for use with Oracle ASM filter driver (AFD) and Oracle ASM libraries.

At least one label specification (-—site with --failgroup or --disk) must be provided.

Examples

The following example shows the use of the ASMCMD stamp command on the disks identified by the /dev/sd* disk discovery string.

Example 10-101 Using ASMCMD stamp

ASMCMD [+] > stamp --dscstr "/dev/sd*" --site "SALTLAKE-CENTER" --failgroup "fg1" --disk "DISK1"

stamplist

Purpose

Displays the disk, site and failure group labels in disk headers.

Syntax and Description

stamp --dscstr disk_discovery_string  {[--site] [--failgroup] [--disk]}

The following table describes the options for the stamplist command.

Table 10-91 Options for the stamplist command

Option	Description
`--dscstrdisk_discovery_string`	Specifies the disk discovery string that identifies the disks for which to display labels.
`--site`	Displays the site label name.
`--failgroup`	Displays the failure group label.
`--disk`	Displays the disk label.

You must specify at least one of the -—site, --failgroup, or --disk options.

Examples

The following example shows the use of the ASMCMD stamplist command to display site, failure group, and disk labels of the disks identified by the /dev/sd* disk discovery string.

Example 10-102 Using ASMCMD stamplist

 ASMCMD [+] > stamplist --dscstr "/dev/sd*" --site --failgroup --disk

umount

Purpose

Dismounts a disk group.

Syntax and Description

umount { -a | [-f] diskgroup }

Table 10-92 lists the syntax options for the umount command.

Table 10-92 Options for the umount command

Option	Description
`diskgroup`	Name of the disk group.
`-a`	Dismounts all mounted disk groups. These disk groups are listed in the output of the `V$ASM_DISKGROUP` view.
`-f`	Forces the dismount operation.

Example

The following are examples of the umount command. The first example dismounts all disk groups mounted on the Oracle ASM instance. The second example forces the dismount of the data disk group.

Example 10-103 Using the ASMCMD umount command

ASMCMD [+] > umount -a

ASMCMD [+] > umount -f data

ASMCMD File Group Management Commands

This topic provides a summary of the ASMCMD commands that enable you to manage Oracle ASM file groups and quota groups.

The following table lists the ASMCMD file group and quota group commands with brief descriptions.

Table 10-93 Summary of ASMCMD file group commands

Command	Description
chfg	Modifies a file group in a disk group based on an XML configuration file or script.
chqg	Modifies a quota group in the disk group.
lsfg	List file groups in a disk group.
lsqg	Lists the quota groups in a disk group.
mkfg	Creates a file group in a disk group based on an XML configuration file or script.
mkqg	Adds a quota group to the disk group.
mvfg	Moves a file group in a disk group to the specified quota group.
mvfile	Moves a file to the specified file group in the same disk group where the file is stored.
rmfg	Removes an existing file group from a disk group.
rmqg	Drops a quota group from a disk group.

See Also:

Managing Oracle ASM Flex Disk Groups for more information about Oracle file groups
Oracle Database Reference for information about the V$ASM views that contain file group and quota group information.
Oracle Database SQL Language Reference for information about administering Oracle ASM file groups and quota groups with SQL statements

chfg

Purpose

Changes the attributes of a file group in a disk group based on an XML configuration file or script.

Syntax and Description

chfg { config_file.xml | 'contents_of_xml_script' }

The following table lists the options for the chfg command.

Table 10-94 Options for the chfg command

Option	Description
`config_file.xml`	Name of the XML file that contains the changes for the file group. `chfg` searches for the XML file in the current working directory of ASMCMD unless a path is specified
`contents_of_xml_script.xml`	The contents of an XML script enclosed in single quotes.

The root element of the XML configuration file or script is the <file_group> tag and has these attributes:

name: file group name
dg: disk group name to which the file group belongs

You can set properties using these tag:

name: property name
value: property value
file_type: property file type (optional)
template: Oracle ASM template name (optional)

The following is an example of an XML configuration file for chfg. The configuration file alters a file group named filegroup1 on disk group dg_data1. The file group is associated with quota group quotagroup1.

<filegroup name="filegroup1" dg="dg_data1">
  <p name="quota_group" value="quotagroup1"/>
</filegroup>

For information about Oracle ASM File Groups, refer to Managing Oracle ASM Flex Disk Groups.

Example

The following examples show the use of the chfg command using an XML configuration file and an XML script.

Example 10-104 Using the chfg command

ASMCMD [+] > chfg config_file.xml

ASMCMD [+] > chfg '<filegroup name="filegroup1" dg="dg_data1"> 
                  <p name="redundancy" value="high"/> 
                  </filegroup>'

chqg

Purpose

Modifies a quota group in the disk group.

Syntax and Description

chqg -G disk_group quota_group property value

The following table lists the options for the chqg command.

Table 10-95 Options for the chqg command

Option	Description
`-G disk_group`	Specifies the disk group.
`quota_group`	Specifies the quota group.
`property`	Specifies the name of the property.
`value`	Specifies the value of the property.

The chqg command modifies the specified property in the specified quota group of the specified disk group. For information about Oracle ASM File and Quota Groups, refer to "Managing Oracle ASM Flex Disk Groups".

The following are examples of the chqg command. The first example modifies the quota property of the quota group quota_grp1 in the data disk group. The second example modifies the quota property of the quota group quota_grp2 in the data disk group.

Example 10-105 Using the chqg command

ASMCMD [+] > chqg -G data quota_grp1 quota 200G

ASMCMD [+] > chqg -G data quota_grp2 quota UNLIMITED

lsfg

Purpose

List file groups in a disk group.

Syntax and Description

lsfg [-G disk_group] [--filegroup file_group] [--suppressheader]

The following table lists the options for the lsfg command.

Table 10-96 Options for the lsfg command

Option	Description
`-G disk_group`	Specifies the disk group.
`—filegroupfile_group`	Specifies the file group.
`—suppressheader`	Suppresses the headers in the output of the command.

If the disk group option is specified, then lsfg returns only information about file groups in the specified disk group. If the file group option is specified, then lsfg returns only information about that file group.

The information about file groups is retrieved from V$ASM_FILEGROUP and V$ASM_FILEGROUP_PROPERTY views.

The following example shows the use of thelsfg command. The first command in the example displays the properties of the file group FG1 in the DATA disk group. The second command lists all the file groups and their properties in the DATA disk group.

Example 10-106 Using the lsfg command

ASMCMD [+] > lsfg -G DATA
File Group         Disk Group  Quota Group  Used Quota MB  Client Name  Client Type  
DEFAULT_FILEGROUP  DATA        GENERIC      0                                        
VOLUME1            DATA        GENERIC      3123           VOLUME1      VOLUME       
ORCL               DATA        GENERIC      5488           ORCL         DATABASE

ASMCMD [+] > lsfg -G DATA --filegroup ORCL
File Group  Disk Group  Property           Value       File Type                  
ORCL        DATA        PRIORITY           MEDIUM                                 
ORCL        DATA        STRIPING           COARSE      CONTAINER                  
ORCL        DATA        REDUNDANCY         HIGH        CONTROLFILE                
ORCL        DATA        STRIPING           FINE        CONTROLFILE                
ORCL        DATA        REDUNDANCY         MIRROR      DATAFILE                   
ORCL        DATA        STRIPING           COARSE      DATAFILE   
...

lsqg

Purpose

Lists the quota groups in a disk group.

Syntax and Description

lsqg [-G disk_group] [--quotagroup quota_group] [--suppressheader]

The following table lists the options for the lsqg command.

Table 10-97 Options for the lsqg command

Option	Description
`-G disk_group`	Specifies the disk group.
`—quotagroupquota_group`	Specifies the quota group.
`—suppressheader`	Suppresses the headers in the output of the command.

If the disk group option is specified, then lsqg returns only information about quota groups in the specified disk group. If the quota group option is specified, then lsqg returns only information about that quota group.

The information about file groups is retrieved from V$ASM_QUOTAGROUP view.

The following example shows the use of thelsqg command. The first command in the example displays the properties of the file group QG1 in the DATA disk group. The second command lists all the quota groups and their properties in the DATA disk group. The third command lists all the quota groups with name QG1 in all the disk groups mounted by the current Oracle ASM instance. The fourth command lists all the quota groups in all the disk groups mounted by the current Oracle ASM instance.

Example 10-107 Using the lsqg command

ASMCMD [+] > lsqg -G DATA --quotagroup QG1
Used_Quota_MB  Quota_Limit_MB
100            200

ASMCMD [+] > lsqg -G DATA
Quotagroup_Num  Quotagroup_Name  Used_Quota_MB  Quota_Limit_MB
1               GENERIC          12357          262143
2               QG1              100            200
3               QG2              400            420

ASMCMD [+] > lsqg --quotagroup QG1
Group_Num  Quotagroup_Num  Used_Quota_MB  Quota_Limit_MB
1          2               100            200
3          5               821            1024

ASMCMD [+] > lsqg
Group_Num  Quotagroup_Num  Quotagroup_Name  Used_Quota_MB  Quota_Limit_MB
1          1               GENERIC          12357          262143
1          2               QG1              100            200
1          3               QG2              400            420
2          1               GENERIC          54000          262143
3          1               GENERIC          11             262143
3          5               QG1              821            1024

mkfg

Purpose

Creates a file group in a disk group based on an XML configuration file or script.

Syntax and Description

mkfg { config_file.xml | 'contents_of_xml_script' }

The following table lists the options for the mkfg command.

Table 10-98 Options for the mkfg command

Option	Description
`config_file.xml`	Name of the XML file that contains the configuration information for the file group. `mkfg` searches for the XML file in the current working directory of ASMCMD unless a path is specified
`contents_of_xml_script.xml`	The contents of an XML script enclosed in single quotes.

The root element of the XML configuration file or script is the <file_group> tag and has these attributes:

name: file group name
dg: disk group name to which the file group belongs
client_type: database, cluster, volume
client_name: database, CDB, PDB, cluster or volume name

You can set properties using these tag:

name: property name
value: property value
file_type: property file type (optional)
template: Oracle ASM template name (optional)

The following is an example of an XML configuration file for mkfg. The configuration file creates a file group named filegroup1 on disk group dg_data1 for a database named sample. The file group is associated with quota group quotagroup1. The files in this file group have the redundancy set to mirror, except for the control file, which has a high redundancy. All other attributes are set to the default value.

<filegroup name="filegroup1" dg="dg_data1" client_type="database" client_name="sample">
  <p name="redundancy" value="mirror"/>
  <p name="redundancy" value="high" file_type="controlfile"/>
  <p name="quota_group" value="quotagroup1"/>
</filegroup>

For information about Oracle ASM File Groups, refer to "Managing Oracle ASM Flex Disk Groups".

Example

The following examples show the use of the mkfg command using an XML configuration file and an XML script.

Example 10-108 Using the mkfg command

ASMCMD [+] > mkfg config_file.xml

ASMCMD [+] > mkfg '<filegroup name="filegroup1" dg="dg_data1" client_type="database" client_name="sample"> 
                   </filegroup>'

mkqg

Purpose

Adds a quota group to the disk group.

Syntax and Description

mkqg -G disk_group quota_group [property] [value]

The following table lists the options for the chqg command.

Table 10-99 Options for the mkqg command

Option	Description
`-G disk_group`	Specifies the disk group.
`quota_group`	Specifies the quota group.
`property`	Specifies the name of the property.
`value`	Specifies the value of the property.

The mkqg command adds the specified quota group with an optional the specified property to the specified disk group. For information about Oracle ASM file and quota groups, refer to "Managing Oracle ASM Flex Disk Groups".

The following are examples of the mkqg command. The first example adds the quota group quota_grp1 to the data disk group without specifying a property. The second example adds the quota group quota_grp2 to the data disk group while specifying the quota property.

Example 10-109 Using the mkqg command

ASMCMD [+] > mkqg -G data quota_grp1

ASMCMD [+] > mkqg -G data quota_grp2 quota 100G

mvfg

Purpose

Moves a file group in a disk group to the specified quota group.

Syntax and Description

mvfg -G disk_group --filegroup file_group quota_group

The following table lists the options for the mvfg command.

Table 10-100 Options for the mvfg command

Option	Description
`-G disk_group`	Specifies the disk group.
`—filegroupfile_group`	Specifies the file group.
`quota_group`	Specifies the quota group.

The following is an example of the mvfg command. In the example, the file group FG1 in the DATA disk group is moved to the quota group QG1

Example 10-110 Using the mvfg command

ASMCMD [+] > mvfg -G DATA --filegroup FG1 QG1

mvfile

Purpose

Moves a file to the specified file group in the same disk group where the file is stored.

Syntax and Description

mvfile file_name --filegroup file_group

The following table lists the options for the mvfile command.

Table 10-101 Options for the mvfile command

Option	Description
`file_name`	Specifies the file to be moved.
`—filegroup file_group`	Specifies the file group name.

The following mvfile commands move the specified Oracle ASM file to the named file group.

Example 10-111 Using the mvfile command

ASMCMD [+] > mvfile +data/orcl/controlfile/Current.260.684924747 --filegroup FG1

ASMCMD [+fra/orcl/archivelog/flashback] > mvfile log_7.264.684968167 --filegroup FG1

rmfg

Purpose

Removes an existing file group from a disk group.

Syntax and Description

rmfg [-r] disk_group file_group

The following table lists the options for the rmfg command.

Table 10-102 Options for the rmfg command

Option	Description
`-r`	Specifies a recursive operation.
`disk_group`	Specifies the disk group.
`file_group`	Specifies the file group.

The -r option specifies a recursive removal, including contents. All files in the disk group that the file group contains are removed at the same time that the file group is removed. You must specify this option to remove a file group that contains any files. If you omit this option and the file group is not empty, then ASMCMD returns an error and does not remove the file group.

The following example shows the use of the rmfg command. The first command in the example removes file group FG1 from the DATA1 disk group. The second command removes file group FG2, and its contents, from the DATA2 disk group.

Example 10-112 Using the rmfg command

 ASMCMD [+] > rmfg DATA1 FG1
 ASMCMD [+] > rmfg -r DATA2 FG2

rmqg

Purpose

Removes a quota group from a disk group.

Syntax and Description

rmqg -G disk_group quota_group

The following table lists the options for the rmqg command.

Table 10-103 Options for the rmqg command

Option	Description
`-G disk_group`	Specifies the disk group.
`quota_group`	Specifies the quota group.

The following example shows the use of the rmqg command. The command in the example removes quota group QG1 from the DATA disk group.

Example 10-113 Using the rmqg command

ASMCMD [+] > rmqg -G DATA QG1

ASMCMD Template Management Commands

This topic provides a summary of the ASMCMD template management commands.

Table 10-104 lists the ASMCMD template management commands with brief descriptions.

Table 10-104 Summary of ASMCMD template management commands

Command	Description
chtmpl	Changes the attributes of a template.
lstmpl	Lists disk group templates.
mktmpl	Adds a template to a disk group.
rmtmpl	Removes a template from a disk group.

chtmpl

Purpose

Changes the attributes of a template.

Syntax and Description

chtmpl -G diskgroup { [--striping {coarse|fine}]
     [--redundancy {high|mirror|unprotected} ] } template

Table 10-105 lists the syntax options for the chtmpl command.

Table 10-105 Options for the chtmpl command

Option	Description
`-G` `diskgroup`	Name of the disk group.
`template`	Name of the template to change.
`--striping` {`coarse` \| `fine`}	Striping specification, either `coarse` or `fine`.
`--redundancy` { `high` \| `mirror` \| `unprotected`}	Redundancy specification, either `high`, `mirror`, or `unprotected`.

At least one of the following options is required: --striping or --redundancy.

For information about updating templates, see "Modifying a Disk Group Template".

Example

The following is an example of the chtmpl command that updates the mytemplate template of the data disk group. The redundancy attribute is set to high and the striping attribute is set to fine.

Example 10-114 Using the ASMCMD chtmpl command

ASMCMD [+] > chtmpl -G data --redundancy high --striping fine mytemplate

lstmpl

Purpose

Lists all templates for all disk groups or the templates for a specified disk group.

Syntax and Description

lstmpl [--suppressheader] [-l] [-G diskgroup] [pattern]

Table 10-106 lists the syntax options for the lstmpl command.

Table 10-106 Options for the lstmpl command

Option	Description
`-G` `diskgroup`	Specifies disk group name.
`--suppressheader`	Suppresses column headings.
`-l`	Displays all details.
`pattern`	Displays the templates that match pattern expression.

For information about template attributes, see "Template Attributes".

Example

The following is an example of the lstmpl command. The example lists all details of the templates in the data disk group.

Example 10-115 Using the ASMCMD lstmpl command

ASMCMD [+] > lstmpl -l -G data

Group_Name  Group_Num  Name                       Stripe  Sys  Redund  PriReg  MirrReg  
DATA        1          ARCHIVELOG                 COARSE  Y    MIRROR  COLD    COLD
DATA        1          ASMPARAMETERFILE           COARSE  Y    MIRROR  COLD    COLD
DATA        1          AUDIT_SPILLFILES           COARSE  Y    MIRROR  COLD    COLD
DATA        1          AUTOBACKUP                 COARSE  Y    MIRROR  COLD    COLD
DATA        1          AUTOLOGIN_KEY_STORE        COARSE  Y    MIRROR  COLD    COLD
DATA        1          BACKUPSET                  COARSE  Y    MIRROR  COLD    COLD
DATA        1          CHANGETRACKING             COARSE  Y    MIRROR  COLD    COLD
DATA        1          CONTROLFILE                FINE    Y    HIGH    COLD    COLD
DATA        1          DATAFILE                   COARSE  Y    MIRROR  COLD    COLD
DATA        1          DATAGUARDCONFIG            COARSE  Y    MIRROR  COLD    COLD
DATA        1          DUMPSET                    COARSE  Y    MIRROR  COLD    COLD
DATA        1          FLASHBACK                  COARSE  Y    MIRROR  COLD    COLD
DATA        1          FLASHFILE                  COARSE  Y    MIRROR  COLD    COLD
DATA        1          INCR XTRANSPORT BACKUPSET  COARSE  Y    MIRROR  COLD    COLD
DATA        1          KEY_STORE                  COARSE  Y    MIRROR  COLD    COLD
DATA        1          OCRFILE                    COARSE  Y    MIRROR  COLD    COLD
DATA        1          ONLINELOG                  COARSE  Y    MIRROR  COLD    COLD
DATA        1          PARAMETERFILE              COARSE  Y    MIRROR  COLD    COLD
DATA        1          TEMPFILE                   COARSE  Y    MIRROR  COLD    COLD
DATA        1          VOTINGFILE                 COARSE  Y    MIRROR  COLD    COLD
DATA        1          XTRANSPORT                 COARSE  Y    MIRROR  COLD    COLD
DATA        1          XTRANSPORT BACKUPSET       COARSE  Y    MIRROR  COLD    COLD

mktmpl

Purpose

Adds a template to a disk group.

Syntax and Description

mktmpl -G diskgroup [--striping {coarse|fine}]
     [--redundancy {high|mirror|unprotected}] template

Table 10-107 lists the syntax options for the mktmpl command.

Table 10-107 Options for the mktmpl command

Option	Description
`-G` `diskgroup`	Name of the disk group.
`template`	Name of the template to create.
`--striping` {`coarse` \| `fine`}	Striping specification, either `coarse` or `fine`.
`--redundancy` { `high` \| `mirror` \| `unprotected`}	Redundancy specification, either `high`, `mirror`, or `unprotected`.

For information about adding templates, see Adding Templates to a Disk Group.

Example

The following is an example of the mktmpl command that adds the mytemplate template to the data disk group. The new template has the redundancy set to mirror and the striping set to coarse.

Example 10-116 Using the ASMCMD mktmpl command

ASMCMD [+] > mktmpl -G data --redundancy mirror --striping coarse mytemplate

rmtmpl

Purpose

Removes a template from a disk group.

Syntax and Description

rmtmpl -G diskgroup template

Table 10-108 lists the syntax options for the rmtmpl command.

Table 10-108 Options for the rmtmpl command

Option	Description
`-G` `diskgroup`	Name of the disk group.
`template`	Name of the template to delete.

For information about template attributes, see "Template Attributes".

Example

The following is an example of the rmtmpl command that removes the mytemplate template from the data disk group.

Example 10-117 Using the ASMCMD rmtmpl command

ASMCMD [+] > rmtmpl -G data mytemplate

ASMCMD File Access Control Commands

This topic provides a summary of the ASMCMD Oracle ASM File Access Control commands.

For information about Oracle ASM File Access Control, see Managing Oracle ASM File Access Control for Disk Groups.

When administering users with ASMCMD, the users must be existing operating system users and their user names must have corresponding operating system user IDs. However, only users in the same cluster as the Oracle ASM instance can be validated.

Note:

When modifying ownership of files, the previous owner of a file cannot be dropped while the file is still open even after the ownership of the file has changed.

Table 10-109 lists the ASMCMD Oracle ASM File Access Control commands with brief descriptions.

Table 10-109 Summary of ASMCMD file access control commands

Command	Description
chgrp	Changes the user group of a file or list of files.
chmod	Changes permissions of a file or list of files.
chown	Changes the owner of a file or list of files.
groups	Lists the user groups to which a user belongs.
grpmod	Adds or removes users from an existing user group.
lsgrp	Lists user groups.
lsusr	Lists users in a disk group.
mkgrp	Creates a new user group.
mkusr	Adds a user to disk group.
passwd	Changes the password of a user.
rmgrp	Deletes a user group.
rmusr	Deletes a user from a disk group.
rpusr	Replaces one a user with another in a disk group.

chgrp

Purpose

Changes the user group of a file or list of files.

Syntax and Description

chgrp usergroup file [file ...]

Table 10-110 lists the syntax options for the chgrp command.

Table 10-110 Options for the chgrp command

Option	Description
`usergroup`	Name of the user group.
`file`	Name of a file.

Only the file owner or the Oracle ASM administrator can use this command. If the user is the file owner, then the user must also be either the owner or a member of the group for this command to succeed.

This command accepts a file name or multiple file names separated by spaces.

If you change the user group settings of an open file, then the operation currently running on the file completes using the old user group settings. The new settings take effect when re-authentication is required.

Examples

The following are examples of the chgrp command that change the Oracle ASM user group of the specified files.

Example 10-118 Using the ASMCMD chgrp command

ASMCMD [+] > chgrp asm_data +data/orcl/controlfile/Current.260.684924747

ASMCMD [+fra/orcl/archivelog/flashback] > chgrp asm_fra log_7.264.684968167 log_8.265.684972027

chmod

Purpose

Changes permissions of a file or list of files.

Syntax and Description

chmod mode file [file ...]

mode can be one of the following forms:

{ ugo | ug | uo | go | u | g | o | a } {+|- } {r|w |rw}

a specifies permissions for all users, u specifies permissions for the owner of the file, g specifies the group permissions, and o specifies permissions for other users.
{ 0|4|6} {0|4|6} {0|4|6}

The first digit specifies owner permissions, the second digit specifies group permissions, and the third digit specifies other permissions.

Table 10-111 lists the syntax options for the chmod command.

Table 10-111 Options for the chmod command

Option	Description
`6`	Read write permissions
`4`	Read only permissions
`0`	No permissions
`u`	Owner permissions, used with `r` or `w`
`g`	Group permissions, used with `r` or `w`
`o`	Other user permissions, used with `r` or `w`
`a`	All user permissions, used with `r` or `w`
`+`	Add a permission, used with `r` or `w`
`-`	Removes a permission, used with `r` or `w`
`r`	Read permission
`w`	Write permission
`file`	Name of a file

This command accepts a file name or multiple file names separated by spaces.

You can only set file permissions to read-write, read-only, and no permissions. You cannot set file permissions to write-only.

If you change the permission settings of an open file, then the operation currently running on the file completes using the old permission settings. The new settings take effect when re-authentication is required.

To view the permissions on a file, use the ASMCMD ls command with the --permission option. See "ls".

Examples

The following are examples of the chmod command that change the permissions of the specified files.

Example 10-119 Using the ASMCMD chmod command

ASMCMD [+fra/orcl/archivelog/flashback] > chmod ug+rw log_7.264.684968167 log_8.265.684972027

ASMCMD [+fra/orcl/archivelog/flashback] > chmod 640 log_7.264.684968167 log_8.265.684972027

ASMCMD [+] > ls --permission +fra/orcl/archivelog/flashback
User      Group      Permission  Name
grid      asm_fra     rw-r-----  log_7.264.684968167
grid      asm_fra     rw-r-----  log_8.265.684972027

chown

Purpose

Changes the owner of a file or list of files.

Syntax and Description

chown user[:usergroup ] file [file ...]

Table 10-112 lists the syntax options for the chown command.

Table 10-112 Options for the chown command

Option	Description
`user`	The name of the user that becomes the new owner.
`usergroup`	Name of the user group to which the user belongs.
`file`	Name of a file.

user typically refers to the user that owns the database instance home. Oracle ASM File Access Control uses the operating system (OS) name to identify a database.

This command accepts a file name or multiple file names separated by spaces.

If you change the ownership settings of an open file, then the following applies:

The operation currently running on the file completes using the old ownership and user group settings. The new settings take effect when re-authentication is required.
The new owner of the file cannot be dropped from the disk group until all instances in a cluster are restarted in a rolling manner.

Only the Oracle ASM administrator can use this command.

Examples

The following are examples of the chown command that change the owner of the specified files to the oracle1 operating system user.

Example 10-120 Using the ASMCMD chown command

ASMCMD [+fra/orcl/archivelog/flashback] > chown oracle1 log_7.264.684968167 log_8.265.684972027

ASMCMD [+fra/orcl/archivelog/flashback] > chown oracle1:asm_fra log_9.264.687650269

groups

Purpose

Lists all the user groups to which the specified user belongs.

Syntax and Description

groups diskgroup user

Table 10-113 lists the syntax options for the groups command.

Table 10-113 Options for the groups command

Option	Description
`diskgroup`	Name of the disk group to which the user belongs.
`user`	Name of the user.

Examples

The following is an example of the groups command that displays the user groups of the data disk group to which the oracle1 user belongs.

Example 10-121 Using the ASMCMD groups command

ASMCMD [+] > groups data oracle1
asm_data

grpmod

Purpose

Adds or removes operating system (OS) users to and from an existing Oracle ASM user group.

Syntax and Description

grpmod { --add | --delete } diskgroup usergroup user [user...]

Table 10-114 lists the syntax options for the grpmod command.

Table 10-114 Options for the grpmod command

Option	Description
`--add`	Specifies to add users to the user group.
`--delete`	Specifies to delete users from the user group.
`diskgroup`	Name of the disk group to which the user group belongs.
`usergroup`	Name of the user group.
`user`	Name of the user to add or remove from the user group.

Only the owner of the user group can use this command. The command requires the SYSASM privilege to run.

This command accepts an operating system user name or multiple user names separated by spaces. The operating system users are typically owners of a database instance home.

Examples

The following are examples of the grpmod command. The first example adds the oracle1 and oracle2 users to the asm_fra user group of the fra disk group. The second example removes the oracle2 user from the asm_data user group of the data disk group.

Example 10-122 Using the ASMCMD grpmod command

ASMCMD [+] > grpmod –-add fra asm_fra oracle1 oracle2

ASMCMD [+] > grpmod –-delete data asm_data oracle2

lsgrp

Purpose

Lists all Oracle ASM user groups or only groups that match a specified pattern.

Syntax and Description

lsgrp [--suppressheader][-a] [ -G diskgroup ] [ pattern ]

Table 10-115 lists the syntax options for the lsgrp command.

Table 10-115 Options for the lsgrp command

Option	Description
`--suppressheader`	Suppresses column headings.
`-a`	Lists all columns.
`-G` `diskgroup`	Limits the results to the specified disk group name.
`pattern`	Displays the user groups that match the pattern expression.

Examples

The following are examples of the lsgrp command. The first example displays a subset of information about the user groups whose name matches the asm% pattern. The second example displays all information about all the user groups.

Example 10-123 Using the ASMCMD lsgrp command

ASMCMD [+] > lsgrp asm%
DG_Name  Grp_Name   Owner
FRA      asm_fra    grid
DATA     asm_data   grid

ASMCMD [+] > lsgrp -a
DG_Name  Grp_Name   Owner     Members
FRA      asm_fra    grid      oracle1
DATA     asm_data   grid      oracle1 oracle2

lsusr

Purpose

Lists Oracle ASM users in a disk group.

Syntax and Description

lsusr [--suppressheader][-a] [-G diskgroup ] [ pattern ]

Table 10-116 lists the syntax options for the lsusr command.

Table 10-116 Options for the lsusr command

Option	Description
`-a`	List all users and the disk groups to which the users belong.
`--suppressheader`	Suppresses column headings.
`-G` `diskgroup`	Limits the results to the specified disk group name.
`pattern`	Displays the users that match the pattern expression.

Examples

The following is an example of the lsusr command. The example lists users in the data disk group and also shows the operating system Id assigned to the user.

Example 10-124 Using the ASMCMD lsusr command

ASMCMD [+] > lsusr -G data
User_Num OS_ID OS_Name 
3        1001  grid
1        1021  oracle1
2        1022  oracle2

mkgrp

Purpose

Creates a new Oracle ASM user group.

Syntax and Description

mkgrp diskgroup usergroup [user] [user...]

Table 10-117 lists the syntax options for the mkgrp command.

Table 10-117 Options for the mkgrp command

Option	Description
`diskgroup`	Name of the disk group to which the user group is added.
`usergroup`	Name of the user group to add. 30 is the maximum number of characters.
`user`	Name of the database user to add to the user group.

You can optionally specify a list of users to be included as members of the new user group.

Examples

The following is an example of the mkgrp command. This example creates the asm_data user group in the data disk group and adds the oracle1 and oracle2 users to the user group.

Example 10-125 Using the ASMCMD mkgrp command

ASMCMD [+] > mkgrp data asm_data oracle1 oracle2

mkusr

Purpose

Adds an operating system (OS) user to a disk group.

Syntax and Description

mkusr diskgroup user

Table 10-118 lists the syntax options for the mkusr command.

Table 10-118 Options for the mkusr command

Option	Description
`diskgroup`	Specifies the name of the disk group to which the user is to be added.
`user`	Name of the user to add.

The user to be added must be a valid operating system user. Only a user authenticated as SYSASM can run this command.

Examples

The following are examples of the mkusr command. The first example adds the oracle1 user to the data disk group. The second example adds the oracle2 user to the fra disk group.

Example 10-126 Using the ASMCMD mkusr command

ASMCMD [+] > mkusr data oracle1

ASMCMD [+] > mkusr fra oracle2

passwd

Purpose

Changes the password of a user.

Syntax and Description

passwd user

Table 10-119 lists the syntax options for the passwd command.

Table 10-119 Options for the passwd command

Option	Description
`user`	Name of the user.

An error is raised if the user does not exist in the Oracle ASM password file. The user is first prompted for the current password, then the new password. The command requires the SYSASM privilege to run.

Examples

The following is an example of the passwd command that changes the password of the oracle2 user.

Example 10-127 Using the ASMCMD passwd command

ASMCMD [+] > passwd oracle2
Enter old password (optional): 
Enter new password: ******

rmgrp

Purpose

Removes a user group from a disk group.

Syntax and Description

rmgrp diskgroup usergroup

Table 10-120 lists the syntax options for the rmgrp command.

Table 10-120 Options for the rmgrp command

Option	Description
`diskgroup`	Name of the disk group to which the user group belongs.
`usergroup`	Name of the user group to delete.

Removing a group might leave some files without a valid user group. To ensure that those files have a valid group, explicitly update those files to a valid user group. See "chgrp".

The command must be run by the owner of the user group and also requires the SYSASM privilege to run.

Examples

The following is an example of the rmgrp command that removes the asm_data user group from the data disk group.

Example 10-128 Using the ASMCMD rmgrp command

ASMCMD [+] > rmgrp data asm_data

rmusr

Purpose

Deletes an operating system (OS) user from a disk group.

Syntax and Description

rmusr [-r] diskgroup user

Table 10-121 lists the syntax options for the rmusr command.

Table 10-121 Options for the rmusr command

Option	Description
`-r`	Removes all files in the disk group that the user owns at the same time that the user is removed.
`diskgroup`	Specifies the name of the disk group from which the user is to be deleted.
`user`	Name of the user to delete.

The command requires the SYSASM privilege to run.

Examples

The following is an example of the rmusr command that removes the oracle2 user from the data disk group.

Example 10-129 Using the ASMCMD rmusr command

ASMCMD [+] > rmusr data oracle2

rpusr

Purpose

Replaces one operating system (OS) user with another in a disk group.

Syntax and Description

rpusr diskgroup user1 user2

Table 10-122 lists the syntax options for the rpusr command.

Table 10-122 Options for the rpusr command

Option	Description
`diskgroup`	Specifies the name of the disk group.
`user1`	Name of the user to be replaced.
`user2`	Name of user that replaces the existing user in the disk group.

The rpusr command replaces one operating system user with another in an Oracle ASM disk group. The replacement user must not be a user currently in the disk group user list.

If the command succeeds, all files that were previously owned by current user are now owned by the replacement user. The current user is automatically removed from the user list of the disk group. Adding the current user back to the disk group is possible but this user will not own any files.

When changing the ownership of an open file, the new owner cannot be dropped with the owner's files until all instances within a cluster are restarted.

The command requires the SYSASM privilege to run.

Examples

The following is an example of the rpusr command that replaces the oracle1 user with the oracle2 user in the data disk group.

Example 10-130 Using the ASMCMD rpusr command

ASMCMD [+] > rpusr data oracle1 oracle2