ASMCMD Disk Group Management Commands

This topic provides a summary of the ASMCMD disk group management commands.

Table 10-57 lists the ASMCMD disk group management commands with brief descriptions.

Table 10-57 Summary of ASMCMD Disk group management commands

Command	Description
chdg	Changes a disk group (add, drop, rebalance, or migrate on the Exadata appliance).
chkdg	Checks or repairs a disk group.
dropdg	Drops a disk group.
iostat	Displays I/O statistics for disks.
lsattr	Lists the attributes of a disk group.
lsdg	Lists disk groups and their information.
lsdsk	Lists disks Oracle ASM disks.
lsod	Lists open devices.
md_backup	Creates a backup of the metadata of mounted disk groups.
md_restore	Restores disk groups from a backup of the metadata.
mkdg	Creates a disk group.
mount	Mounts a disk group.
offline	Offlines a disk or a failure group.
online	Onlines a disk or a failure group.
rebal	Rebalances a disk group.
remap	Relocates data in a range of physical blocks on a disk.
setsparseparent	Sets the parent for a sparse child file.
setattr	Sets attributes in a disk group.
stamp	Stamps the disk, site, and failure group labels in disk headers.
stamplist	Displays the disk, site, and failure group labels in disk headers.
umount	Dismounts a disk group.

chdg

Purpose

Modifies a disk group based on an XML configuration file.

Syntax and Description

chdg { config_file.xml | 'contents_of_xml_file' }

Table 10-58 lists the syntax options for the chdg command.

Table 10-58 Options for the chdg command

Option Description

Option	Description
`config_file`	Name of the XML file that contains the changes for the disk group. `chdg` searches for the XML file in the directory where ASMCMD was started unless a path is specified. For examples of the valid tags and XML configuration file, see Example 10-62 and Example 10-63.
`contents_of_xml_file`	The XML script enclosed in single quotations.

config_file

Name of the XML file that contains the changes for the disk group. chdg searches for the XML file in the directory where ASMCMD was started unless a path is specified.

For examples of the valid tags and XML configuration file, see Example 10-62 and Example 10-63.

contents_of_xml_file

The XML script enclosed in single quotations.

The modifications include the following:

adding, dropping, and resizing disks
rebalancing or replacing the power level of a disk group

The power level can be set to the same values as the ASM_POWER_LIMIT initialization parameter
migrating an Exadata appliance from one fixed configuration to another

The migration adds more disks (an equal number of disks) to each of the existing failure groups (or cells) in the disk group.

The modification includes adding, replacing, or deleting disks from an existing disk group, and the setting rebalance or replace power level. The power level can be set to the same values as the ASM_POWER_LIMIT initialization parameter. The modification also includes the migration from one fixed appliance configuration to another fixed appliance configuration on the Exadata appliance. The migration adds more disks (and equal number of disks) to each of the existing failure groups (or cells) in the disk group.

When adding disks to a disk group, the diskstring must be specified in a format similar to the ASM_DISKSTRING initialization parameter.

The failure groups are optional parameters. The default causes every disk to belong to a its own failure group.

Dropping disks from a disk group can be performed through this operation. An individual disk can be referenced by its Oracle ASM disk name. A set of disks that belong to a failure group can be specified by the failure group name.

You can resize a disk inside a disk group with chdg. The resize operation fails if there is not enough space for storing data after the resize.

Example 10-62 shows the basic structure and the valid tags with their respective attributes for the chdg XML configuration file.

Example 10-62 Tags for the chdg XML configuration template

<chdg> update disk clause (add/delete disks/failure groups)
      name         disk group to change
      power        power to perform rebalance or replace
 
<add>  items to add are placed here
</add>

<replace>  items to replace are placed here
</replace>

<drop> items to drop are placed here
</drop>

<migrate> items to be migrated to another appliance configuration on EXADATA        
</migrate>

<fg>  failure group
      name         failure group name
</fg>

<dsk> disk
      name         disk name
      string       disk path
      size         size of the disk to add
      force        true specifies to use the force option
</dsk>

</chdg>

Example 1

The following is an example of an XML configuration file for chdg. This XML file alters the disk group named data. The failure group fg1 is dropped and the disk data_0001 is also dropped. The /dev/disk5 disk is added to failure group fg2. The rebalance power level is set to 3.

Example 10-63 chdg sample XML configuration file

<chdg name="data" power="3">
  <drop>
    <fg name="fg1"></fg>
    <dsk name="data_0001"/>
  </drop>
  <add>
    <fg name="fg2">
      <dsk string="/dev/disk5"/>
    </fg>
  </add>
</chdg>

Example 2

The following is another example of an XML configuration file for chdg. This XML file migrates the failure group named FG_01.

Example 10-64 chdg sample XML configuration file

<chdg name="DATAC1 >
       <migrate>
         <add>
            <fg name = "EXA04CEL01">
              <dsk string="o/192.168.10.18/DATAC1_CD_10_exa04cel01" name= "DATAC1_CD_10_exa04cel01" />
              <dsk string="o/192.168.10.18/DATAC1_CD_11_exa04cel01" name= "DATAC1_CD_11_exa04cel01" />
            </fg>
            <fg name = "EXA04CEL02">
              <dsk string="o/192.168.10.20/DATAC1_CD_10_exa04cel02" name= "DATAC1_CD_10_exa04cel02" />
              <dsk string="o/192.168.10.20/DATAC1_CD_11_exa04cel02" name= "DATAC1_CD_11_exa04cel02" />
            </fg>
            <fg name = "EXA04CEL03”"
              <dsk string="o/192.168.10.22/DATAC1_CD_10_exa04cel03" name= "DATAC1_CD_10_exa04cel03" />
              <dsk string="o/192.168.10.22/DATAC1_CD_11_exa04cel03" name= "DATAC1_CD_11_exa04cel03" />
            </fg>
         </add>
       </migrate>
</chdg>

Example 3

The following are examples of the chdg command with the configuration file or configuration information on the command line.

Example 10-65 Using the ASMCMD chdg command

ASMCMD [+] > chdg data_config.xml

ASMCMD [+] > chdg '<chdg name="data" power="3">
        <drop><fg name="fg1"></fg><dsk name="data_0001"/></drop>
        <add><fg name="fg2"><dsk string="/dev/disk5"/></fg></add></chdg>'

See Also:

ASM_POWER_LIMIT for information about the ASM_POWER_LIMIT initialization parameter
ASM_DISKSTRING for information about the ASM_DISKSTRING initialization parameter
Oracle ASM Failure Groups for information about failure groups
Dropping Disks from Disk Groups for information about dropping disks
Resizing Disks in Disk Groups for information about resizing disks,
mkdg for information about creating a disk group with ASMCMD mkdg
Altering Disk Groups for information about altering disk groups
Enabling the Oracle ASM appliance.mode Attribute

chkdg

Purpose

Checks or repairs the metadata of a disk group.

Syntax and Description

chkdg [--repair] diskgroup

Table 10-59 lists the syntax options for the chkdg command.

Table 10-59 Options for the chkdg command

Option	Description
`--repair`	Repairs the disk group.
`diskgroup`	Name of disk group to check or repair.

chkdg checks the metadata of a disk group for errors and optionally repairs the errors.

Example

The following is an example of the chkdg command used to check and repair the data disk group.

Example 10-66 Using the ASMCMD chkdg command

ASMCMD [+] > chkdg --repair data

dropdg

Purpose

Drops a disk group.

Syntax and Description

dropdg [-r [-f]] diskgroup

Table 10-60 lists the syntax options for the dropdg command.

Table 10-60 Options for the dropdg command

Option	Description
`-f`	Force the operation. Only applicable if the disk group cannot be mounted.
`-r`	Recursive, include contents.
`diskgroup`	Name of disk group to drop.

dropdg drops an existing disk group. The disk group should not be mounted on multiple nodes.

Example

These are examples of the use of dropdg. The first example forces the drop of the disk group data, including any data in the disk group. The second example drops the disk group fra, including any data in the disk group.

Example 10-67 Using the ASMCMD dropdg command

ASMCMD [+] > dropdg -r -f data

ASMCMD [+] > dropdg -r fra

iostat

Purpose

Displays I/O statistics for Oracle ASM disks in mounted disk groups.

Syntax and Description

iostat [--suppressheader] [-et] [--io] [--region] 
        [-G diskgroup] [interval]

iostat lists disk group statistics using the V$ASM_DISK_STAT view.

Table 10-61 lists the syntax options for the iostat command.

Table 10-61 Options for the iostat command

Option	Description
`-e`	Displays error statistics (Read_Err, Write_Err).
`-G` `diskgroup`	Displays statistics for the disk group name.
`--suppressheader`	Suppresses column headings.
`--io`	Displays information in number of I/Os, instead of bytes.
`-t`	Displays time statistics (Read_Time, Write_Time).
`--region`	Displays information for cold and hot disk regions (Cold_Reads, Cold_Writes, Hot_Reads, Hot_Writes). Note: Disk region attributes default to cold and cold is the only permitted setting. This means that values for Hot_Reads and Hot_Writes are zero.
`interval`	Refreshes the statistics display based on the interval value (seconds). Use CTRL+C to stop the interval display.

Table 10-62 shows the statistics for a disk group. To view the complete set of statistics for a disk group, use the V$ASM_DISK_STAT and V$ASM_DISK_IOSTAT views.

Table 10-62 Attribute descriptions for iostat command output

Attribute Name	Description
Group_Name	Name of the disk group.
Dsk_Name	Name of the disk.
Reads	Number of bytes read from the disk. If the `--io` option is entered, then the value is displayed as number of I/Os.
Writes	Number of bytes written to the disk. If the `--io` option is entered, then the value is displayed as number of I/Os.
Cold_Reads	Number of bytes read from the cold disk region. If the `--io` option is entered, then the value is displayed as number of I/Os.
Cold_Writes	Number of bytes written from the cold disk region. If the `--io` option is entered, then the value is displayed as number of I/Os.
Hot_Reads	Number of bytes read from the hot disk region. If the `--io` option is entered, then the value is displayed as number of I/Os. Note: Disk region attributes default to cold and cold is the only permitted setting. This means that values for Hot_Reads and Hot_Writes are zero.
Hot_Writes	Number of bytes written to the hot disk region. If the `--io` option is entered, then the value is displayed as number of I/Os. Note: Disk region attributes default to cold and cold is the only permitted setting. This means that values for Hot_Reads and Hot_Writes are zero.
Read_Err	Number of failed I/O read requests for the disk.
Write_Err	Number of failed I/O write requests for the disk.
Read_Time	I/O time (in seconds) for read requests for the disk if the `TIMED_STATISTICS` initialization parameter is set to `TRUE` (0 if set to `FALSE`).
Write_Time	I/O time (in seconds) for write requests for the disk if the `TIMED_STATISTICS` initialization parameter is set to `TRUE` (0 if set to `FALSE`).

If a refresh interval is not specified, the number displayed represents the total number of bytes or I/Os. If a refresh interval is specified, then the value displayed (bytes or I/Os) is the difference between the previous and current values, not the total value.

Example

The following are examples of the iostat command. The first example displays disk I/O statistics for the data disk group in total number of bytes. The second example displays disk I/O statistics for the data disk group in total number of I/O operations.

Example 10-68 Using the ASMCMD iostat command

ASMCMD [+] > iostat -G data
Group_Name  Dsk_Name   Reads       Writes     
DATA        DATA_0000  180488192   473707520  
DATA        DATA_0001  1089585152  469538816  
DATA        DATA_0002  191648256   489570304  
DATA        DATA_0003  175724032   424845824  
DATA        DATA_0004  183421952   781429248  
DATA        DATA_0005  1102540800  855269888  
DATA        DATA_0006  171290624   447662592  
DATA        DATA_0007  172281856   361337344  
DATA        DATA_0008  173225472   390840320  
DATA        DATA_0009  288497152   838680576  
DATA        DATA_0010  196657152   375764480  
DATA        DATA_0011  436420096   356003840  

ASMCMD [+] > iostat --io -G data
Group_Name  Dsk_Name   Reads  Writes  
DATA        DATA_0000  2801   34918   
DATA        DATA_0001  58301  35700   
DATA        DATA_0002  3320   36345   
DATA        DATA_0003  2816   10629   
DATA        DATA_0004  2883   34850   
DATA        DATA_0005  59306  38097   
DATA        DATA_0006  2151   10129   
DATA        DATA_0007  2686   10376   
DATA        DATA_0008  2105   8955    
DATA        DATA_0009  9121   36713   
DATA        DATA_0010  3557   8596    
DATA        DATA_0011  17458  9269

lsattr

Purpose

Lists the attributes of a disk group.

Syntax and Description

lsattr [--suppressheader][-G diskgroup ] [-lm] [pattern]

Table 10-63 lists the syntax options for the lsattr command.

Table 10-63 Options for the lsattr command

Option	Description
`-G` `diskgroup`	Disk group name.
`--suppressheader`	Suppresses column headings.
`-l`	Display names with values.
`-m`	Displays additional information, such as the RO and Sys columns.
`pattern`	Display the attributes that contain pattern expression.

Note:

Attributes are only displayed for disk groups where COMPATIBLE.ASM is set to 11.1 or higher.

Information about disk group attributes is retrieved from the V$ASM_ATTRIBUTE view. For information about disk group attributes, refer to Managing Disk Group Attributes.

The RO (read-only) column identifies those attributes that can only be set when a disk group is created. The Sys column identifies those attributes that are system-created.

To display information about the disk group template attributes, refer to lstmpl.

To set disk group attributes, refer to setattr.

Example

The following are examples of the lsattr command. The first displays information about all attributes for the data disk group. The second example displays only those attributes with names containing the string compat for the fra disk group. Note the use of both the % and * wildcard characters on Linux.

Example 10-69 Using the ASMCMD lsattr command

ASMCMD [+] > lsattr -lm -G data
Group_Name  Name                        Value         RO  Sys  
DATA        access_control.enabled      FALSE         N   Y    
DATA        access_control.umask        066           N   Y    
DATA        appliance._partnering_type  GENERIC       Y   Y    
DATA        ate_conversion_done         true          Y   Y    
DATA        au_size                     1048576       Y   Y    
DATA        cell.smart_scan_capable     FALSE         N   N    
DATA        cell.sparse_dg              allnonsparse  N   N    
DATA        compatible.advm             19.0.0.0.0    N   Y    
DATA        compatible.asm              19.0.0.0.0    N   Y    
DATA        compatible.rdbms            19.0.0.0.0    N   Y    
DATA        content.check               FALSE         N   Y    
DATA        content.type                data          N   Y    
DATA        content_hardcheck.enabled   FALSE         N   Y    
DATA        disk_repair_time            12.0h         N   Y    
DATA        failgroup_repair_time       24.0h         N   Y    
DATA        idp.boundary                auto          N   Y
DATA        idp.type                    dynamic       N   Y    
DATA        logical_sector_size         512           N   Y    
DATA        phys_meta_replicated        true          Y   Y    
DATA        preferred_read.enabled      FALSE         N   Y    
DATA        scrub_async_limit           1             N   Y    
DATA        scrub_metadata.enabled      TRUE          N   Y    
DATA        sector_size                 512           N   Y    
DATA        thin_provisioned            FALSE         N   Y    
DATA        vam_migration_done          false         Y   Y

ASMCMD [+] > lsattr -G fra -l %compat*
Name              Value
compatible.advm   19.0.0.0.0  
compatible.asm    19.0.0.0.0  
compatible.rdbms  19.0.0.0.0

lsdg

Purpose

Lists mounted disk groups and their information. lsdg queries V$ASM_DISKGROUP_STAT by default. If the --discovery flag is specified, the V$ASM_DISKGROUP is queried instead. The output also includes notification of any current rebalance operation for a disk group. If a disk group is specified, then lsdg returns only information about that disk group.

Syntax and Description

lsdg [--suppressheader] [-g] [--discovery] [pattern]

Table 10-64 lists the options for the lsdg command.

Table 10-64 Options for the lsdg command

Option	Description
(none)	Displays the disk group attributes listed in Table 10-65.
`--discovery`	Selects from `V$ASM_DISKGROUP`, or from `GV$ASM_DISKGROUP` if the -g flag is also specified. This option is always enabled if the Oracle ASM instance is version 10.1 or earlier. This flag is disregarded if `lsdg` is running in non-connected mode.
`-g`	Selects from `GV$ASM_DISKGROUP_STAT`, or from `GV$ASM_DISKGROUP` if the `--discovery` flag is also specified. `GV$ASM_DISKGROUP.INST_ID` is included in the output. The Rebal attribute value is derived from the value of the OPERATION column in the `GV$ASM_OPERATION` view. The PASS column in `GV$ASM_OPERATION` also indicates if a rebalance operation is running.
`--suppressheader`	Suppresses column headings.
`pattern`	Returns only information about the specified disk group or disk groups that match the supplied pattern. See "Wildcard Characters".

Table 10-65 shows the attributes for each disk group. To view the complete set of attributes for a disk group, use the V$ASM_DISKGROUP_STAT or V$ASM_DISKGROUP view.

See Also:

Oracle Database Reference for descriptions of disk group information displayed in the V$ASM_DISKGROUP view

Table 10-65 Attribute descriptions for lsdg command output

Attribute Name	Description
State	State of the disk group. For example, `BROKEN`, `CONNECTED`, `DISMOUNTED`, `MOUNTED`, `QUIESCING`, or `UNKNOWN`.
Type	Disk group redundancy. For example, `NORMAL`, `HIGH`, `FLEX`, or `EXTERNAL`.
Rebal	`Y` indicates that a rebalance operation is in progress.
Sector	Sector size in bytes.
Block	Block size in bytes.
AU	Allocation unit size in bytes.
Total_MB	Size of the disk group in megabytes.
Free_MB	Free space in the disk group in megabytes, without regard to redundancy. From the `V$ASM_DISKGROUP` view.
Req_mir_free_MB	Amount of space that must be available in the disk group to restore full redundancy after the most severe failure that can be tolerated by the disk group. This is the `REQUIRED_MIRROR_FREE_MB` column from the `V$ASM_DISKGROUP` view.
Usable_file_MB	Amount of free space, adjusted for mirroring, that is available for new files. From the `V$ASM_DISKGROUP` view.
Offline_disks	Number of offline disks in the disk group. Offline disks are eventually dropped.
Voting_files	Specifies whether the disk group contains voting files (`Y` or `N`).
Name	Disk group name.

Example

The following example lists the attributes of the data disk group.

Example 10-70 Using the ASMCMD lsdg command

ASMCMD [+] > lsdg data
State    Type    Rebal  Sector  Block       AU  Total_MB  Free_MB  Req_mir_free_MB  Usable_file_MB
MOUNTED  NORMAL  N         512   4096  4194304     12288     8835             1117            3859

(continued)
Offline_disks  Voting_files  Name
            0             N  DATA

lsdsk

Purpose

Lists Oracle ASM disks.

Syntax and Description

lsdsk [--suppressheader] [-kptgMI] [-G diskgroup ]
         [ --member|--candidate]
         [--discovery][--statistics][pattern]

Table 10-66 lists the options for the lsdsk command.

Table 10-66 Options for the lsdsk command

Option	Description
(none)	Displays the `PATH` column of the `V$ASM_DISK_STAT` view.
`-k`	Displays the `TOTAL_MB`, `FREE_MB`, `OS_MB`,`NAME`, `FAILGROUP`, `LIBRARY`, `LABEL`, `UDID`, `PRODUCT`, `REDUNDANCY`, and `PATH` columns of the `V$ASM_DISK` view.
`--statistics`	Displays the `READS`, `WRITES`, `READ_ERRS`, `WRITE_ERRS`, `READ_TIME`, `WRITE_TIME`, `BYTES_READ`, `BYTES_WRITTEN`, and the `PATH` columns of the `V$ASM_DISK` view.
`-p`	Displays the `GROUP_NUMBER`, `DISK_NUMBER`, `INCARNATION`, `MOUNT_STATUS`, `HEADER_STATUS`, `MODE_STATUS`, `STATE`, and the `PATH` columns of the `V$ASM_DISK` view.
`-t`	Displays the `CREATE_DATE`, `MOUNT_DATE`, `REPAIR_TIMER`, and the `PATH` columns of the `V$ASM_DISK` view.
`-g`	Selects from `GV$ASM_DISK_STAT`, or from `GV$ASM_DISK` if the `--discovery` flag is also specified. `GV$ASM_DISK.INST_ID` is included in the output.
`--discovery`	Selects from `V$ASM_DISK`, or from `GV$ASM_DISK` if the -g flag is also specified. This option is always enabled if the Oracle ASM instance is version 10.1 or earlier. This flag is disregarded if `lsdsk` is running in non-connected mode.
`--suppressheader`	Suppresses column headings.
`-I`	Scans disk headers for information rather than extracting the information from an Oracle ASM instance. This option forces non-connected mode.
`-G`	Restricts results to only those disks that belong to the group specified by `diskgroup`.
`-M`	Displays the disks that are visible to some but not all active instances. These are disks that, if included in a disk group, cause the mount of that disk group to fail on the instances where the disks are not visible.
`--candidate`	Restricts results to only disks having membership status equal to `CANDIDATE`.
`--member`	Restricts results to only disks having membership status equal to `MEMBER`.
`pattern`	Returns only information about the specified disks that match the supplied pattern.

The lsdsk command can run in connected or non-connected mode. The connected mode is always attempted first. The -I option forces non-connected mode.

In connected mode, lsdsk uses the V$ASM_DISK_STAT and V$ASM_DISK dynamic views to retrieve disk information. The V$ASM_DISK_STAT view is used by default.
In non-connected mode, lsdsk scans disk headers to retrieve disk information. Some information is not available in this mode and some options are not valid combinations with this mode.

Note:

The non-connected mode is not supported on Windows.

pattern restricts the output to only disks that match the pattern specified. Wild-card characters and slashes (/ or \) can be part of the pattern. pattern should be specified as the last option for the command. For information about wildcards, see "Wildcard Characters".

The -k, -p, -t, and --statistics options modify how much information is displayed for each disk. If any combination of the options are specified, then the output shows the union of the attributes associated with each flag.

Example

The following are examples of the lsdsk command. The first and second examples list information about disks in the data disk group. The third example lists information about candidate disks.

Example 10-71 Using the ASMCMD lsdsk command

ASMCMD [+] > lsdsk -t -G data
Create_Date  Mount_Date  Repair_Timer  Path
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diska1
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diska2
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diska3
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diskb1
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diskb2
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diskb3
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diskc1
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diskc2
...

ASMCMD [+] > lsdsk -p -G data /devices/diska*
Group_Num  Disk_Num      Incarn  Mount_Stat  Header_Stat  Mode_Stat  State   Path
        1         0  2105454210  CACHED      MEMBER       ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diska1
        1         1  2105454199  CACHED      MEMBER       ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diska2
        1         2  2105454205  CACHED      MEMBER       ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diska3

ASMCMD [+] > lsdsk --candidate -p
Group_Num  Disk_Num      Incarn  Mount_Stat  Header_Stat  Mode_Stat  State   Path
        0         5  2105454171  CLOSED      CANDIDATE    ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diske1
        0        25  2105454191  CLOSED      CANDIDATE    ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diske2
        0        18  2105454184  CLOSED      CANDIDATE    ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diske3
        0        31  2105454197  CLOSED      CANDIDATE    ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diskk1
        0        21  2105454187  CLOSED      CANDIDATE    ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diskk2
        0        26  2105454192  CLOSED      CANDIDATE    ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diskk3
        0        14  2105454180  CLOSED      CANDIDATE    ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diskl1
...

lsod

Purpose

Lists the open Oracle ASM disks.

Syntax and Description

lsod [--suppressheader] [-G diskgroup] [--process process] [pattern]

Table 10-67 lists the syntax options for the lsod command.

Table 10-67 Options for the lsod command

Option	Description
`--suppressheader`	Suppresses column header information from the output.
`-G` `diskgroup`	Specifies the disk group that contains the open disks.
`--process` `process`	Specifies a pattern to filter the list of processes.
`pattern`	Specifies a pattern to filter the list of disks.

The rebalance operation (RBAL) opens a disk both globally and locally so the same disk may be listed twice in the output for the RBAL process.

Example

The following are examples of the lsod command. The first example lists the open devices associated with the data disk group and the LGWR process. The second example lists the open devices associated with the LGWR process for disks that match the diska pattern.

Example 10-72 Using the ASMCMD lsod command

ASMCMD [+] > lsod -G data --process *LGWR*
Instance Process                  OSPID Path
1        oracle@myserver02 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diska1 
1        oracle@myserver02 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diska2 
1        oracle@myserver02 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diska3 
1        oracle@myserver02 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diskb1 
1        oracle@myserver02 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diskb2 
1        oracle@myserver02 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diskb3 
1        oracle@myserver02 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diskd1 

ASMCMD [+] > lsod --process *LGWR* *diska*
Instance Process                  OSPID Path
1        oracle@myserver02 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diska1 
1        oracle@myserver02 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diska2 
1        oracle@myserver02 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diska3

For another example of the lsod command, see Example 10-2.

md_backup

Purpose

The md_backup command creates a backup file containing metadata for one or more disk groups.

Syntax and Description

md_backup backup_file 
         [-G 'diskgroup [,diskgroup,...]'] --acfs_sec_encr

Table 10-68 describes the options for the md_backup command.

Table 10-68 Options for the md_backup command

Option	Description
`backup_file`	Specifies the backup file in which you want to store the metadata.
`-G` `diskgroup`	Specifies the disk group name of the disk group that must be backed up
`--acfs_sec_encr`	Specifies that security, encryption, or audit metadata information from Oracle ACFS is backed up.

By default all the mounted disk groups are included in the backup file, which is saved in the current working directory if a path is not specified with the file name.

The md_backup command backs up Oracle Advanced Cluster File System (Oracle ACFS) metadata information for the contained Oracle ASM Dynamic Volume Manager(Oracle ADVM) volumes, including stripe size, redundancy, and other items. This command also backs up Oracle ACFS file system configuration metadata, such as compression and resize attributes, block size, and created snapshots. Additional metadata and configuration attributes may be backed up; however, Oracle ACFS file system data and Oracle ACFS CRS Resource information is not backed up.

Example

The first example shows the use of the backup command when run without the disk group option. This example backs up all the mounted disk groups and creates the backup image in the /scratch/backup/alldgs20100422 file. The second example creates a backup of the data disk group. The metadata backup that this example creates is saved in the /scratch/backup/data20100422 file.

Example 10-73 Using the ASMCMD md_backup command

ASMCMD [+] > md_backup /scratch/backup/alldgs20100422
Disk group metadata to be backed up: DATA
Disk group metadata to be backed up: FRA
Current alias directory path: ORCL/ONLINELOG
Current alias directory path: ORCL/PARAMETERFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL
Current alias directory path: ASM
Current alias directory path: ORCL/DATAFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL/CONTROLFILE
Current alias directory path: ASM/ASMPARAMETERFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL/TEMPFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL/ARCHIVELOG/2010_04_20
Current alias directory path: ORCL
Current alias directory path: ORCL/BACKUPSET/2010_04_21
Current alias directory path: ORCL/ARCHIVELOG/2010_04_19
Current alias directory path: ORCL/BACKUPSET/2010_04_22
Current alias directory path: ORCL/ONLINELOG
Current alias directory path: ORCL/BACKUPSET/2010_04_20
Current alias directory path: ORCL/ARCHIVELOG
Current alias directory path: ORCL/BACKUPSET
Current alias directory path: ORCL/ARCHIVELOG/2010_04_22
Current alias directory path: ORCL/DATAFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL/CONTROLFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL/ARCHIVELOG/2010_04_21

ASMCMD [+] > md_backup /scratch/backup/data20100422 -G data
Disk group metadata to be backed up: DATA
Current alias directory path: ORCL/ONLINELOG
Current alias directory path: ASM
Current alias directory path: ORCL/CONTROLFILE
Current alias directory path: ASM/ASMPARAMETERFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL/PARAMETERFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL
Current alias directory path: ORCL/DATAFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL/TEMPFILE

md_restore

Purpose

The md_restore command restores disk groups from a metadata backup file.

Syntax and Description

md_restore  backup_file [--silent]
     [--full|--nodg|--newdg -o 'old_diskgroup:new_diskgroup [,...]']
   [--acfs_sec_encr user:group | 
    --acfs_sec_encr user:group --acfs_audit user:mgr_group:auditor_group ]
     [-S sql_script_file] [-G 'diskgroup [,diskgroup...]']

Table 10-69 describes the options for the md_restore command.

Table 10-69 Options for the md_restore command

Option	Description
`backup_file`	Reads the metadata information from `backup_file`.
`--silent`	Ignore errors. Typically, if `md_restore` encounters an error, it stops. Specifying this flag ignores any errors.
`--full`	Specifies to create a disk group and restore metadata.
`--nodg`	Specifies to restore metadata only.
`--newdg` `-o` `old_diskgroup:new_diskgroup`]	Specifies to create a disk group with a different name when restoring metadata. The `-o` option is required with `--newdg`.
`--acfs_sec_encr user:group`	Restores the metadata of security or encryption or both. The colon separated user and group is used for security metadata restoration. During metadata restore, security or encryption or both must be initialized. If security or encryption or both are not pre-initialized, the colon separated values passed to the `--acfs_sec_encr` option are used to initialize security. Encryption is initialized with the SSO wallet.
`--acfs_audit user:mgr_group:auditor_group`	Restores audit metadata information on an Oracle ACFS file system. The colon separated values are used to initialize and execute audit commands. During metadata restore, audit must be initialized. If audit is not pre-initialized, the audit layer is initialized using the colon separated values given to the `--acfs_audit` option. The `--acfs_audit` option requires the `--acfs_sec_encr` option.
`-S` `sql_script_file`	Write SQL commands to the specified SQL script file instead of executing the commands.
`-G` `diskgroup`	Select the disk groups to be restored. If no disk groups are defined, then all disk groups are restored.

Example

Note the following when restoring Oracle ACFS information:

When restoring the metadata of a file system, the user id is set to the user id that owned the file system when the metadata backup was created. This user id should exist on the restore cluster.
md_restore restores Oracle ACFS metadata information. To run the metadata restore for Oracle ACFS file systems, a script is created. This script must be run as root to format file systems. Metadata for the contained Oracle ADVM volumes, such as stripe size and redundancy, is restored. Oracle ACFS file system configuration metadata, such as compression and resize attributes, block size, and created snapshots, is also restored. Oracle ACFS file System data and ACFS CRS Resource information is not restored.
If using the --silent option while specifying a single disk group, and there is a dependency due to Oracle ADVM metadata or Oracle ACFS accelerators on another disk group, that dependency is dropped, and you must manually recreate that dependency later.
When restoring Oracle ACFS encryption or security, file system extended attributes (xattrs) must be restored with the user data. It is very important to document that xattrs need to be stored and restored with the file system application data. Without the xattrs, there is no security or encryption. xattrs describe which security realms the file is a part of. With no xattr, the file ends up in no realm. The converse is that a file with xattrs, but no security initialized, ends up in no realm.
During metadata restore, a file with a list of previously configured snapshots is created. Snapshot data is not restored, as the point in time sparse snapshot views cannot be recreated.
If Oracle ACFS security is in use, and the metadata security information for the file system has not been backed up, this information may be copied by the security administrator to the metadata backup file location, and then restored with the rest of the disk group information.
If Oracle ACFS security and encryption is being restored, the user and password may be pre-initialized. If it is not, the username provided is used to initialize Oracle ACFS security and encryption, with a default password which is displayed.

The first example restores the disk group data from the backup script and creates a copy. The second example takes an existing disk group data and restores its metadata. The third example restores disk group data completely but the new disk group that is created is named data2. The fourth example restores from the backup file after applying the overrides defined in the override.sql script file.

Example 10-74 Using the ASMCMD md_restore command

ASMCMD [+] > md_restore –-full –G data –-silent /scratch/backup/alldgs20100422

ASMCMD [+] > md_restore –-nodg –G data –-silent /scratch/backup/alldgs20100422

ASMCMD [+] > md_restore –-newdg -o 'data:data2' --silent /scratch/backup/data20100422

ASMCMD [+] > md_restore -S override.sql --silent /scratch/backup/data20100422

mkdg

Purpose

Creates a disk group based on an XML configuration file.

Syntax and Description

mkdg { config_file.xml | 'contents_of_xml_file' }

Table 10-70 lists the syntax options for the mkdg command.

Table 10-70 Options for the mkdg command

Option	Description
`config_file`	Name of the XML file that contains the configuration for the new disk group. `mkdg` searches for the XML file in the directory where ASMCMD was started unless a path is specified. For examples of the valid tags and XML configuration file, see Example 10-75 and Example 10-76.
`contents_of_xml_file`	The XML script enclosed in single quotations.

mkdg creates a new disk group with an XML configuration file that specifies the name of the disk group, redundancy, attributes, and paths of the disks that form the disk group. Redundancy is an optional parameter; the default is normal redundancy. For some types of redundancy, disks are required to be gathered into failure groups. In the case that failure groups are not specified for a disk group, each disk in the disk group belongs to its own failure group.

The mkdg command only mounts a disk group on the local node.

It is possible to set some disk group attribute values during disk group creation. Some attributes, such as AU_SIZE and SECTOR_SIZE, can be set only during disk group creation.

Example 10-75 shows the basic structure and the valid tags with their respective attributes for the mkdg XML configuration file.

Example 10-75 Tags for mkdg XML configuration file

<dg>  disk group
      name         disk group name
      redundancy   normal, external, high
 
<fg>  failure group
      name         failure group name
</fg>

<dsk> disk
      name         disk name
      string       disk path
      size         size of the disk to add
      force        true specifies to use the force option
</dsk>

<a>   attribute
      name         attribute name
      value        attribute value
</a>

</dg>

Example

The following is an example of an XML configuration file for mkdg. The configuration file creates a disk group named data with normal redundancy. Two failure groups, fg1 and fg2, are created, each with two disks identified by associated disk strings. The disk group compatibility attributes are all set to 19.0.

Example 10-76 mkdg sample XML configuration file

<dg name="data" redundancy="normal">
  <fg name="fg1">
    <dsk string="/dev/disk1"/>
    <dsk string="/dev/disk2"/>
  </fg>
  <fg name="fg2">
    <dsk string="/dev/disk3"/>
    <dsk string="/dev/disk4"/>
  </fg>
  <a name="compatible.asm" value="19.0"/>
  <a name="compatible.rdbms" value="19.0"/>
  <a name="compatible.advm" value="19.0"/>
</dg>

The following are examples of the mkdg command. The first example runs mkdg with an XML configuration file in the directory where ASMCMD was started. The second example runs mkdg using information on the command line.

Example 10-77 Using the ASMCMD mkdg command

ASMCMD [+] > mkdg data_config.xml

ASMCMD [+] > mkdg '<dg name="data"><dsk string="/dev/disk*"/></dg>'

See Also:

Managing Disk Group Attributes for more information about disk groups attributes
Disk Group Compatibility for information about disk group compatibility attributes
chdg for information about altering a disk group with ASMCMD chdg
Creating Disk Groups for information about creating a disk group

mount

Purpose

Mounts a disk group.

Syntax and Description

mount [--restrict] { [-a] | [-f] diskgroup[ diskgroup ...] }

Table 10-71 lists the syntax options for the mount command.

Table 10-71 Options for the mount command

Option	Description
`diskgroup`	Name of the disk group.
`-a`	Mounts all disk groups.
`--restrict`	Mounts in restricted mode.
`-f`	Forces the mount operation.

This operation mounts one or more disk groups. A disk group can be mounted with or without force or restricted options. For more information about mounting disk groups, see "Mounting and Dismounting Disk Groups".

Example

The following are examples of the mount command showing the use of the force, restrict, and all options.

Example 10-78 Using the ASMCMD mount command

ASMCMD [+] > mount -f data

ASMCMD [+] > mount --restrict data

ASMCMD [+] > mount -a

offline

Purpose

Offline disks or failure groups that belong to a disk group.

Syntax and Description

offline -G diskgroup 
        { -F failgroup |-D disk}
        [-t {minutes | hours}]

Table 10-72 lists the syntax options for the offline command.

Table 10-72 Options for the offline command

Option	Description
`-G` `diskgroup`	Disk group name.
`-F` `failgroup`	Failure group name.
`-D` `disk`	Specifies a single disk name.
`-t` `minutes` \| `hours`	Specifies the time before the specified disk is dropped as `nm` or `nh`, where `m` specifies minutes and `h` specifies hours. For example, `120m` or `2h`.The default unit is hours.

When a failure group is specified, this implies all the disks that belong to it should be offlined.

Example

The following are examples of the offline command. The first example offlines the failgroup1 failure group of the data disk group. The second example offlines the data_0001 disk of the data disk group with a time of 1.5 hours before the disk is dropped.

Example 10-79 Using the ASMCMD offline command

ASMCMD [+] > offline -G data -F failgroup1

ASMCMD [+] > offline -G data -D data_0001 -t 1.5h

online

Purpose

Online all disks, a single disk, or a failure group that belongs to a disk group.

Syntax and Description

online -G diskgroup { -a | -F failgroup |-D disk} 
       [--power n] [-w]

Table 10-73 lists the syntax options for the online command.

Table 10-73 Options for the online command

Option	Description
`-a`	Online all offline disks in the disk group.
`-G` `diskgroup`	Disk group name.
`-F` `failgroup`	Failure group name.
`-D` `disk`	Disk name.
`--power` `n`	Specifies the power option (`1` to `1024`) which determines the level of resources for the disk resync and disk group rebalance. Larger values result in faster disk resync and disk group rebalance. The default is `1`.
`-w`	Wait option. Causes ASMCMD to wait for the disk group to be rebalanced before returning control to the user. The default is not waiting.

When a failure group is specified, this implies all the disks that belong to it should be onlined.

Example

The following are examples of the online command. The first example onlines all disks in the failgroup1 failure group of the data disk group with the wait option enabled. The second example onlines the data_0001 disk in the data disk group.

Example 10-80 Using the ASMCMD online command

ASMCMD [+] > online -G data -F failgroup1 -w 

ASMCMD [+] > online -G data -D data_0001

rebal

Purpose

Rebalances a disk group.

Syntax and Description

rebal [--default | --modify power] [--with phase,... | --without phase,...] 
                                        [--power power] [-w] diskgroup

Table 10-74 lists the syntax options for the rebal command.

Table 10-74 Options for the rebal command

Option	Description
`–default`	Sets the rebalance power to the default, which is the value of the `ASM_POWER_LIMIT` initialization parameter. This option does not restart the rebalance operation.
`--modify` `power`	Modifies the rebalance power without restarting the rebalance operation. Accepted values are the same as `ASM_POWER_LIMIT` (`0` to `1024`). A value of `0` disables rebalancing.
`--with` `phase`	Runs rebalance only on the specified phases. Available phases are `prepare`, `balance`, and `compact`. The phases must be separated by a single comma. If this option is specified, at least one phase must be specified.
`--without` `phase`	Does not run rebalance on the specified phases. Phases are `prepare`, `balance`, and `compact`. The phases must be separated by a single comma. If this option is specified, at least one phase must be specified.
`--power` `power`	Specifies the power setting. Accepted values are the same as `ASM_POWER_LIMIT` (`0` to `1024`). A value of `0` disables rebalancing.
`-w`	Specifies the wait option. ASMCMD waits for the disk group to be rebalanced before returning control to the user. The default is not waiting.
`diskgroup`	Specifies the disk group name.

The power level can be set to the same values as the ASM_POWER_LIMIT initialization parameter. A value of 0 disables rebalancing. If the rebalance power is not specified, the value defaults to the setting of the ASM_POWER_LIMIT initialization parameter.

You can determine if a rebalance operation is occurring with the ASMCMD lsop command.

Example

In the following example, the first rebal command rebalances the FRA disk group with a power level set to 4, performing only the balance and compact phases. The second rebal command rebalances the DATA disk group with the rebalance power set to 1, but does not restart the rebalance operation.

Example 10-81 Using the ASMCMD rebal command

ASMCMD [+] > rebal --with balance,compact --power 4 FRA

ASMCMD [+] > lsop
Group_Name  Operation  State  Power
FRA         REBAL      RUN    4   
     
ASMCMD [+] > rebal --modify 1 DATA

See Also:

ASM_POWER_LIMIT and Tuning Rebalance Operations for information about the power level
lsop for information about the ASMCMD lsop command
Manually Rebalancing Disk Groups for more information about rebalancing a disk group

remap

Purpose

Marks a range of blocks as unusable on the disk and relocates any data allocated in that range.

Syntax and Description

remap diskgroup disk block_range

Table 10-75 lists the syntax options for the remap command.

Table 10-75 Options for the remap command

Option	Description
`diskgroup`	Disk group name in which a disk must have data relocated.
`disk`	Name of the disk that must have data relocated. The name must match the `NAME` column in the `V$ASM_DISK` view.
`block_range`	Range of physical blocks to relocate in the format `start_range_number-end_range_number`.

The remap command only relocates blocks. It does not correct or repair blocks that contain corrupted contents. The command uses a physical block size based on the SECTOR_SIZE disk group attribute.

Examples

The first example remaps blocks 5000 through 5999 for disk DATA_0001 in disk group DATA. The second example remaps blocks 6230 through 6339 for disk FRA_0002 in disk group FRA

Example 10-82 Using the ASMCMD remap command

ASMCMD [+] > remap DATA DATA_0001 5000-5999

ASMCMD [+] > remap FRA FRA_0002 6230-6339

setsparseparent

Purpose

Sets the parent for a sparse child file.

Syntax and Description

setsparseparent child_file1 [child_file2 ...] parent_file

The following table lists the syntax options for the setsparseparent command.

Table 10-76 Options for the setsparseparent command

Option	Description
`child_fileN`	Name of the child file.
`parent_file`	Name of the parent file.

The following are the examples of setsparseparent command. The first example sets a parent file in the data disk group to a sparse file in the sparse disk group. The second example sets a parent file in the data disk group to multiple sparse files in the sparse disk group.

Example 10-83 Using the ASMCMD setsparseparent command

ASMCMD [+] > setsparseparent +SPARSEDG/child.1.10 +DATA/parent.1.f
setting parent of +SPARSEDG/child.1.10 to +DATA/parent.1.f

ASMCMD [+] > setsparseparent +SPARSEDG/child.1a.10 +SPARSEDG/child.1b.11 +SPARSEDG/child.1c.12 +DATA/parent.1.f
setting parent of +SPARSEDG/child.1a.10 to +DATA/parent.1.f
setting parent of +SPARSEDG/child.1b.11 to +DATA/parent.1.f
setting parent of +SPARSEDG/child.1c.12 to +DATA/parent.1.f

setattr

Purpose

Sets the attributes for an Oracle ASM disk group.

Syntax and Description

setattr -G diskgroup attribute_name attribute_value

Table 10-77 lists the syntax options for the setattr command.

Table 10-77 Options for the setattr command

Option	Description
`-G` `diskgroup`	Disk group name.
`attribute_name`	Name of the attribute.
`attribute_value`	Value of the attribute.

The COMPATIBLE.ASM attribute must be advanced before advancing other disk group compatibility attributes and its value must be greater than or equal to the value of other disk group compatibility attributes.

For information about disk group attributes, see "Managing Disk Group Attributes".

Example

The following are examples of the setattr command. The first example sets the disk group attribute COMPATIBLE.ASM for the data disk group. The second example sets the disk group attribute COMPATIBLE.RDBMS for the data disk group.

Example 10-84 Using the ASMCMD setattr command

ASMCMD [+] > setattr -G data compatible.asm 19.0

ASMCMD [+] > setattr -G data compatible.rdbms 19.0

stamp

Purpose

Stamps the disk, site, and failure group labels in disk headers.

Syntax and Description

stamp --dscstr disk_discovery_string 
      [--site site_name --failgroup failgroup_name]
      [--disk disk_label] [-f]

The following table describes the options for the stamp command.

Table 10-78 Options for the stamp command

Option	Description
`--dscstrdisk_discovery_string`	Specifies the disk discovery string that identifies the disks on which to stamp labels.
`--site site_name`	Specifies the site label name.
`--failgroup failgroup_name`	Specifies the failure group label. Required when the site label is specified.
`--disk disk_label`	Specifies the disk label.
`-f`	Specifies to force the action.

ASMCMD stamp enables the users to stamp the disk, site, and fail group labels on disk headers. Using stamp is more efficient than individually specifying label information during installation and creation of disk groups.

Site label and fail groups labels are used for the site names and fail group names when creating and altering a disk group. Disk labels are only intended for use with Oracle ASM filter driver (AFD) and Oracle ASM libraries.

At least one label specification (-—site with --failgroup or --disk) must be provided.

Examples

The following example shows the use of the ASMCMD stamp command on the disks identified by the /dev/sd* disk discovery string.

Example 10-85 Using ASMCMD stamp

ASMCMD [+] > stamp --dscstr "/dev/sd*" --site "SALTLAKE-CENTER" --failgroup "fg1" --disk "DISK1"

stamplist

Purpose

Displays the disk, site and failure group labels in disk headers.

Syntax and Description

stamp --dscstr disk_discovery_string  {[--site] [--failgroup] [--disk]}

The following table describes the options for the stamplist command.

Table 10-79 Options for the stamplist command

Option	Description
`--dscstrdisk_discovery_string`	Specifies the disk discovery string that identifies the disks for which to display labels.
`--site`	Displays the site label name.
`--failgroup`	Displays the failure group label.
`--disk`	Displays the disk label.

You must specify at least one of the -—site, --failgroup, or --disk options.

Examples

The following example shows the use of the ASMCMD stamplist command to display site, failure group, and disk labels of the disks identified by the /dev/sd* disk discovery string.

Example 10-86 Using ASMCMD stamplist

 ASMCMD [+] > stamplist --dscstr "/dev/sd*" --site --failgroup --disk

umount

Purpose

Dismounts a disk group.

Syntax and Description

umount { -a | [-f] diskgroup }

Table 10-80 lists the syntax options for the umount command.

Table 10-80 Options for the umount command

Option	Description
`diskgroup`	Name of the disk group.
`-a`	Dismounts all mounted disk groups. These disk groups are listed in the output of the `V$ASM_DISKGROUP` view.
`-f`	Forces the dismount operation.

Example

The following are examples of the umount command. The first example dismounts all disk groups mounted on the Oracle ASM instance. The second example forces the dismount of the data disk group.

Example 10-87 Using the ASMCMD umount command

ASMCMD [+] > umount -a

ASMCMD [+] > umount -f data