3 Getting Started with Oracle Database Vault

Before you can start using Oracle Database Vault, you must register it with the Oracle database.

Topics:

• Registering Oracle Database Vault with an Oracle Database

• Logging into Oracle Database Vault

• Quick Start Tutorial: Securing a Schema from DBA Access

Registering Oracle Database Vault with an Oracle Database

You can register Oracle Database Vault for either a non-multitenant environment or a multitenant environment.

Topics:

• About Registering Oracle Database Vault with an Oracle Database

• Registering Oracle Database Vault in a Non-Multitenant Environment

• Registering Oracle Database Vault with a Common User to Manage the CDB Root

• Registering Database Vault Common Users to Manage Specific PDBs

• Creating Common Database Vault Accounts for a Plugged in Database Vault PDB

• Verifying That Oracle Database Vault Is Configured and Enabled

About Registering Oracle Database Vault with an Oracle Database

After you install Oracle Database, you must register (that is, configure and enable) Oracle Database Vault with the Oracle database in which it was installed.

Oracle Database includes Database Vault when you choose to include a default database in the installation process, but you must register it before you can use it. If you create a custom database, then you can use DBCA to install and enable Database Vault for it. As part of the registration process, you create the Database Vault administrative accounts. The registration process enables Oracle Label Security if it is not already enabled. Oracle Label Security is required for Oracle Database Vault but it does not require a separate license unless you begin using Oracle Label Security separately and create Oracle Label Security policies. This procedure applies to the current pluggable database (PDB), as well as to both single-instance and Oracle RAC installations. To check if Database Vault has already been enabled, see Verifying That Oracle Database Vault Is Configured and Enabled.

This section explains how to register Oracle Database Vault in a non-multitenant environment, and several ways that you can register it in a multitenant environment.

Registering Oracle Database Vault in a Non-Multitenant Environment

You can register Oracle Database Vault from SQL*Plus in a non-multitenant environment.

1. Log into the database instance as a user who has privileges to create user accounts and grant the CREATE SESSION privilege to other users.

   For example:

   sqlplus sec_admin
   Enter password: password
   

2. Create accounts that will be used for the Database Vault Owner (DV_OWNER role) and Database Vault Account Manager (DV_ACCTMGR role) accounts.

   Oracle strongly recommends that you create two accounts for each role. One account, the primary account, will be used on a day-to-day basis and the other account will be used as a backup account in case the password of the primary account is lost and must be reset.

   For example:

   GRANT CREATE SESSION TO dbv_owner IDENTIFIED BY password;
   GRANT CREATE SESSION TO dbv_owner_backup IDENTIFIED BY password;
   GRANT CREATE SESSION TO dbv_acctmgr IDENTIFIED BY password;
   GRANT CREATE SESSION TO dbv_acctmgr_backup IDENTIFIED BY password

   Replace password with a password that is secure. See Oracle Database Security Guide for the minimum requirements for creating passwords.

   See Backup Oracle Database Vault Accounts for more information.

   Replace password with a password that is secure. See Oracle Database Security Guide for the minimum requirements for creating passwords.

   See Separation of Tasks in an Oracle Database Vault Environment for more information about how the DV_OWNER and DV_ACCTMGR accounts follow separation of duty guidelines.

3. Connect with the SYSDBA administrative privilege.

   CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
   Enter password: password
   

4. Configure the primary Database Vault user accounts.

   BEGIN
    DVSYS.CONFIGURE_DV (
      dvowner_uname         => 'dbv_owner',
      dvacctmgr_uname       => 'dbv_acctmgr');
    END;
   /
   

   Do not enter the names DV_OWNER, DV_ACCTMGR, or the names of any other Database Vault roles for these user accounts. These names are reserved words. Oracle Database Vault Roles describes the Database Vault roles.

5. Run the utlrp.sql script to recompile invalidated objects.

   @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql
   

   If the script gives you any instructions, follow them, and then run the script again. If the script terminates abnormally without giving any instructions, run it again.

6. Connect as the primary Database Vault Owner user that you just configured.

   For example:

   CONNECT dbv_owner
   Enter password: password
   

7. Enable Oracle Database Vault.

   EXEC DBMS_MACADM.ENABLE_DV;
   

8. Connect with the SYSDBA administrative privilege.

   CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
   

9. Restart the database.

   SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
   STARTUP
   

10. Connect as the primary DV_OWNER user and then grant the DV_OWNER role to the backup DV_OWNER user that you created earlier.

    For example:

    CONNECT dbv_owner
    Enter password: password
    
    GRANT DV_OWNER TO dbv_owner_backup;
    

11. Connect as the primary DV_ACCTMGR user and then grant the DV_ACCTMGR role to the backup DV_ACCTMGR user.

    For example:

    CONNECT dbv_acctmgr
    Enter password: password
    
    GRANT DV_ACCTMGR TO dbv_acctmgr_backup;

12. Store the two backup accounts in a safe location in case they are needed in the future.

See Also:

• Verifying That Oracle Database Vault Is Configured and Enabled to confirm that this procedure was successful

• Logging into Oracle Database Vault for information about logging in to Oracle Database Vault Administrator

• Backup Oracle Database Vault Accounts for more information about the importance of creating backup accounts

Registering Oracle Database Vault with a Common User to Manage the CDB Root

In SQL*Plus, you can register Oracle Database Vault with a common user who will manage the CDB root.

1. In a multitenant environment, log into the root of the database instance as a user who has privileges to create users and grant the CREATE SESSION and SET CONTAINER privileges.

   For example:.

   sqlplus c##sec_admin
   Enter password: password
   

2. Create accounts that will be used for the Database Vault Owner (DV_OWNER role) and Database Vault Account Manager (DV_ACCTMGR role) accounts.

   Oracle strongly recommends that you create two accounts for each role. One account, the primary account, will be used on a day-to-day basis and the other account will be used as a backup account in case the password of the primary account is lost and must be reset.

   Prepend the names of these accounts with c## or C##. For example:

   GRANT CREATE SESSION, SET CONTAINER TO c##dbv_owner_root IDENTIFIED BY password CONTAINER = ALL;
   GRANT CREATE SESSION, SET CONTAINER TO c##dbv_owner_root_backup IDENTIFIED BY password CONTAINER = ALL;
   GRANT CREATE SESSION, SET CONTAINER TO c##dbv_acctmgr_root IDENTIFIED BY password CONTAINER = ALL;
   GRANT CREATE SESSION, SET CONTAINER TO c##dbv_acctmgr_root_backup IDENTIFIED BY password CONTAINER = ALL;
   

   Replace password with a password that is secure. See Oracle Database Security Guide for the minimum requirements for creating passwords.

   See Backup Oracle Database Vault Accounts for more information about backup accounts.

   See Separation of Tasks in an Oracle Database Vault Environment for more information about how the DV_OWNER and DV_ACCTMGR accounts follow separation of duty guidelines.

3. Connect to the root as user SYS with the SYSDBA administrative privilege

   CONNECT SYS AS SYSDBA
   Enter password: password
   

4. Configure the primary Database Vault user accounts.

   BEGIN
    DVSYS.CONFIGURE_DV (
      dvowner_uname         => 'c##dbv_owner_root',
      dvacctmgr_uname       => 'c##dbv_acctmgr_root');
    END;
   /
   

5. Run the utlrp.sql script to recompile invalidated objects in the root.

   @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql
   

   If the script provides instructions, follow them, and then run the script again. If the script terminates abnormally without giving any instructions, run it again.

6. Connect to the root as the primary Database Vault Owner user that you just configured.

   For example:

   CONNECT c##dbv_owner_root
   Enter password: password
   

7. Enable Oracle Database Vault.

   EXEC DBMS_MACADM.ENABLE_DV;
   

8. Connect with the SYSDBA administrative privilege.

   CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
   

9. Restart the database.

   SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
   STARTUP
   

10. Connect as the primary DV_OWNER user and then grant the DV_OWNER role to the backup DV_OWNER user that you created earlier.

    For example:

    CONNECT c##dbv_owner_root
    Enter password: password
    
    GRANT DV_OWNER TO c##dbv_owner_root_backup;
    

11. Connect as the primary DV_ACCTMGR user and then grant the DV_ACCTMGR role to the backup DV_ACCTMGR user.

    For example:

    CONNECT c##dbv_acctmgr_root
    Enter password: password
    
    GRANT DV_ACCTMGR TO c##dbv_acctmgr_root_backup;

12. Store the two backup accounts in a safe location in case they are needed in the future.

See Also:

• Verifying That Oracle Database Vault Is Configured and Enabled to confirm that this procedure was successful

• Logging into Oracle Database Vault for information about logging in to Oracle Database Vault Administrator

• Backup Oracle Database Vault Accounts for information about the importance of backup accounts

Registering Database Vault Common Users to Manage Specific PDBs

In a multitenant environment, you must register Oracle Database Vault in the root first, then in the PDBs.

If you try to register in a PDB first, then an ORA-47503: Database Vault is not enabled on CDB$ROOT error appears.

1. In a multitenant environment, log into the root of the database instance as a user who has privileges to create users and to grant the CREATE SESSION and SET CONTAINER privileges.

   For example:.

   sqlplus c##sec_admin
   Enter password: password
   

2. If you have not already done so, then create user accounts to be used as the Database Vault accounts.

   See Step 2 under Registering Oracle Database Vault with a Common User to Manage the CDB Root for more information about these accounts.

3. Ensure that you have registered Oracle Database Vault in the CDB root, as described in Registering Oracle Database Vault with a Common User to Manage the CDB Root.
4. Connect to the PDB to which the common users will need access.

   For example:

   CONNECT c##sec_admin@pdb_name
   Enter password: password
   

   To find the available PDBs, query the DBA_PDBS data dictionary view. To check the current PDB, run the show con_name command.

5. Grant the CREATE SESSION and SET CONTAINER privileges to the users.

   For example:

   GRANT CREATE SESSION, SET CONTAINER TO c##dbv_owner_root CONTAINER = CURRENT;
   GRANT CREATE SESSION, SET CONTAINER TO c##dbv_acctmgr_root CONTAINER = CURRENT;
   

6. Connect as user SYS with the SYSDBA administrative privilege

   CONNECT SYS@pdb_name AS SYSDBA
   Enter password: password
   

7. While still in the PDB, configure the two primary Database Vault user accounts.

   For example:

   BEGIN
    DVSYS.CONFIGURE_DV (
      dvowner_uname         => 'c##dbv_owner_root',
      dvacctmgr_uname       => 'c##dbv_acctmgr_root');
    END;
   /
   

8. Run the utlrp.sql script to recompile invalidated objects in this PDB.

   @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql
   

   If the script provides instructions, follow them, and then run the script again. If the script terminates abnormally without giving any instructions, run it again.

9. Connect to the PDB as the primary Database Vault Owner user that you just configured.

   For example:

   CONNECT c##dbv_owner_root@pdb_name
   Enter password: password
   

10. Enable Oracle Database Vault in this PDB.

    EXEC DBMS_MACADM.ENABLE_DV;
    

11. Connect to the CDB with the SYSDBA administrative privilege.

    CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
    

12. Close and reopen the PDB.

    For example:

    ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb_name CLOSE IMMEDIATE;
    
    ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb_name OPEN;
    

See Also:

• Verifying That Oracle Database Vault Is Configured and Enabled to confirm that this procedure was successful

• Logging into Oracle Database Vault for information about logging in to Oracle Database Vault Administrator

Creating Common Database Vault Accounts for a Plugged in Database Vault PDB

From SQL*Plus, in a multitenant environment, you can plug in a database that already has Database Vault enabled.

In this scenario, the plugged in database has its own local Database Vault accounts.

1. Log into the PDB as the local primary Database Vault owner.

   For example:

   sqlplus dbv_owner@pdb_name
   Enter password: password
   

   To find the available PDBs, query the DBA_PDBS data dictionary view. To check the current PDB, run the show con_name command.

2. Grant the common Database Vault DV_OWNER users the CREATE SESSION and SET CONTAINER privileges, and the appropriate Database Vault roles.

   The following accounts will be the primary and the backup accounts:

   GRANT CREATE SESSION, SET CONTAINER, DV_OWNER TO c##dbv_owner_root;
   GRANT CREATE SESSION, SET CONTAINER, DV_OWNER TO c##dbv_owner_root_backup;
   

3. Connect as a user who has been granted the DV_ACCTMGR role.
4. Create the DV_ACCTMGR common accounts.

   GRANT CREATE SESSION, SET CONTAINER, DV_ACCTMGR TO c##dbv_acctmgr_root;
   GRANT CREATE SESSION, SET CONTAINER, DV_ACCTMGR TO c##dbv_acctmgr_root_backup;

See Also:

• Verifying That Oracle Database Vault Is Configured and Enabled to confirm that this procedure was successful

• Logging into Oracle Database Vault for information about logging in to Oracle Database Vault Administrator

Verifying That Oracle Database Vault Is Configured and Enabled

The V$OPTION dynamic view and the DVSYS.DBA_DV_STATUS and DBA_OLS_STATUS data dictionary views verify if Oracle Database is configured and enabled.

• To query the V$OPTION dynamic view:

  • To find if Oracle Database Vault is configured and enabled, run the following query, which should show the VALUE setting as TRUE:

    SELECT VALUE FROM V$OPTION WHERE PARAMETER = 'Oracle Database Vault';
    

  • To check if Oracle Label Security is enabled, query V$OPTION as follows:

    SELECT VALUE FROM V$OPTION WHERE PARAMETER = 'Oracle Label Security';
    

• To query the DVSYS.DBA_DV_STATUS data dictionary view for the status or Oracle Database Vault:

  SELECT * FROM DVSYS.DBA_DV_STATUS;

  Output similar to the following appears:

  NAME                 STATUS
  -------------------- -----------
  DV_CONFIGURE_STATUS  FALSE
  DV_ENABLE_STATUS     FALSE

• To find the enablement and configuration status for Oracle Label Security, query the DBA_OLS_STATUS data dictionary view, which provides output similar to DVSYS.DBA_DV_STATUS.

Logging into Oracle Database Vault

Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control (Cloud Control) provides pages for Oracle Database Vault.

The Oracle Database Vault pages can be used to administer and monitor Database Vault-protected databases from a centralized console. This console enables you to automate alerts, view Database Vault reports, and propagate Database Vault policies to other Database Vault-protected databases.

1. Ensure that you have configured the Cloud Control target databases that you plan to use with Database Vault.

   See the Oracle Enterprise Manager online help and Oracle Enterprise Manager Advanced Configuration for more information about configuring target databases.

2. If necessary, register Oracle Database Vault.

   If you have just installed Oracle Database Vault, you must register it with the database. See Registering Oracle Database Vault with an Oracle Database for more information.

3. Start Cloud Control.

   For example:

   https://myserver.example.com:7799/em
   

4. Log in to Cloud Control as a security administrator.
5. In the Cloud Control home page, from the Targets menu, select Databases.
6. In the Databases page, select the link for the Oracle Database Vault-protected database to which you want to connect.

   The Database home page appears.

7. From the Security menu, select Database Vault.

   The Database Login page appears.

8. Enter the following information:

   • Username: Enter the name of a user who has been granted the appropriate Oracle Database Vault role:

     • Creating and propagating Database Vault policies: DV_OWNER or DV_ADMIN role, SELECT ANY DICTIONARY privilege

     • Viewing Database Vault alerts and reports: DV_OWNER, DV_ADMIN, or DV_SECANALYST role, SELECT ANY DICTIONARY privilege

     See About Oracle Database Vault Roles for more information.

   • Password: Enter your password.

   • Role: Select NORMAL from the list.

   • Save as: Select this check box if you want these credentials to be automatically filled in for you the next time that this page appears. The credentials are stored in Enterprise Manager in a secured manner. Access to these credentials depends on the user who is currently logged in.

   The Database Vault home page appears.

   
   
   Description of the illustration GUID-14EAB030-5CC3-43B2-BC72-D38722700909-default.png
   

See Also:

Using Oracle Database Vault with Oracle Enterprise Manager

Quick Start Tutorial: Securing a Schema from DBA Access

This tutorial shows how to create a realm around the HR schema.

Topics:

• About This Tutorial

• Step 1: Log On as SYSTEM to Access the HR Schema

• Step 2: Create a Realm

• Step 3: Create the SEBASTIAN User Account

• Step 4: Have User SEBASTIAN Test the Realm

• Step 5: Create an Authorization for the Realm

• Step 6: Test the Realm

• Step 7: If Unified Auditing Is Not Enabled, Then Run a Report

• Step 8: Remove the Components for This Tutorial

About This Tutorial

In this tutorial, you create a realm around for the HR sample database schema by using the Oracle Database Vault PL/SQL packages.

In the HR schema, the EMPLOYEES table has information such as salaries that should be hidden from most employees in the company, including those with administrative access. To accomplish this, you add the HR schema to the secured objects of the protection zone, which in Oracle Database Vault is called a realm, inside the database. Then you grant limited authorizations to this realm. Afterward, you test the realm to make sure it has been properly secured. And finally, to see how Oracle Database Vault provides an audit trail on suspicious activities like the one you will try when you test the realm, you will run a report.

Step 1: Log On as SYSTEM to Access the HR Schema

You must enable the HR schema for this tutorial.

1. Ensure that the HR sample schema is installed.

   See Oracle Database Sample Schemas for information about installing the sample schemas.

2. Log into the database instance as a user who has been granted the DBA role, and then access the HR schema.

   For example:

   sqlplus system
   Enter password: password
   

3. In a multitenant environment, connect to the appropriate PDB.

   For example:

   CONNECT SYSTEM@my_pdb
   Enter password: password
   

   To find the available PDBs, in the CDB, query the DBA_PDBS data dictionary view. To check the current PDB, run the show con_name command.

4. Query the HR.EMPLOYEES table as follows.

   SELECT FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, SALARY FROM HR.EMPLOYEES WHERE ROWNUM < 10;
   

   Output similar to the following appears:

   FIRST_NAME           LAST_NAME                     SALARY
   -------------------- ------------------------- ----------
   Steven               King                           24000
   Neena                Kochhar                        17000
   Lex                  De Haan                        17000
   Alexander            Hunold                          9000
   Bruce                Ernst                           6000
   David                Austin                          4800
   Valli                Pataballa                       4800
   Diana                Lorentz                         4200
   Nancy                Greenberg                      12008
   
   9 rows selected.
   

5. If the HR schema is locked and expired, log into the database instance as the DV_ACCTMGR user and unlock and unexpire the account. For example:

   sqlplus bea_dvacctmgr -- For a multitenant environment, sqlplus bea_dvacctmgr@hrpdb
   Enter password: password
   
   ALTER USER HR ACCOUNT UNLOCK IDENTIFIED BY password
   

   Replace password with a password that is secure. See Oracle Database Security Guide for the minimum requirements for creating passwords.

   As you can see, SYSTEM has access to the salary information in the EMPLOYEES table of the HR schema. This is because SYSTEM is automatically granted the DBA role, which includes the SELECT ANY TABLE system privilege.

6. Do not exit SQL*Plus.

Step 2: Create a Realm

Realms can protect one or more schemas, individual schema objects, and database roles.

Once you create a realm, you can create security restrictions that apply to the schemas and their schema objects within the realm.

Your first step is to create a realm for the HR schema.

1. Log into Oracle Database Vault Administrator from Cloud Control as a user who has been granted the DV_OWNER or DV_ADMIN role and the SELECT ANY DICTIONARY privilege.

   Logging into Oracle Database Vault explains how to log in.

2. In the Administration page, under Database Vault Components, click Realms. (It should be selected by default.)
3. In the Realms page of Oracle Database Vault Administrator, click Create.
4. In the Create Realm page, under General, enter HR Apps after Name.
5. In the Description field, enter Realm to protect the HR schema.
6. Leave the Mandatory Realm check box unchecked.
7. After Status, ensure that Enabled is selected so that the realm can be used.
8. Under Audit Options, ensure that Audit On Failure is selected so that you can create an audit trial later on.
9. Click Next to display the Realm secured objects page.
10. Click the Add button and in the Add Secured Object dialog box, enter the following information:

    • Owner: Enter HR to select the HR schema.

    • Object Type: Enter TABLE.

    • Object Name: Enter EMPLOYEES.

11. Click OK.

    The HR.EMPLOYEES table is added to the Create Realm : Realm Secured Objects page.

12. Click Done, and then click Finish.

At this stage, you have created the realm but you have not assigned any authorizations to it. You will take care of that later on in this tutorial.

Step 3: Create the SEBASTIAN User Account

At this stage, there are no database accounts or roles authorized to access or otherwise manipulate the database objects the realm will protect.

So, the next step is to authorize database accounts or database roles so that they can have access to the schemas within the realm. You will create the SEBASTIAN user account.

1. In SQL*Plus, connect as the Database Vault Account Manager, who has the DV_ACCTMGR role, and create the local user SEBASTIAN.

   For example:

   CONNECT bea_dvacctmgr -- Or, CONNECT bea_dvacctmgr@hrpdb
   Enter password: password
   
   GRANT CREATE SESSION TO SEBASTIAN IDENTIFIED BY password;
   

   Replace password with a password that is secure. See Oracle Database Security Guide for the minimum requirements for creating passwords.

2. Connect as SYS with the SYSDBA privilege, and then grant SEBASTIAN the following additional privilege.

   CONNECT SYS AS SYSDBA -- Or, CONNECT SYS@hrpdb AS SYSDBA
   Enter password: password
   
   GRANT READ ANY TABLE TO SEBASTIAN;
   

Do not exit SQL*Plus; you will need it for Step 6: Test the Realm, when you test the realm.

Step 4: Have User SEBASTIAN Test the Realm

At this stage, have user SEBASTIAN test the realm, even though he has the READ ANY TABLE system privilege.

1. Connect as user SEBASTIAN.

   CONNECT sebastian
   Enter password: password

2. Query the HR.EMPLOYEES table.

   SELECT COUNT(*) FROM HR.EMPLOYEES;

   The following output should appear:

   ERROR at line 1:
   ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
   

Even though user SEBASTIAN has the READ ANY TABLE system privilege, he cannot query the HR.EMPLOYEES table, because the HR Apps realm takes precedence over the READ ANY TABLE system privilege.

Step 5: Create an Authorization for the Realm

Next, user SEBASTIAN must be granted authorization to the HR Apps realm, so that he can access the HR.EMPLOYEES table.

1. In the Realms page of Database Vault Administrator, select the HR Apps in the list of realms, and then click Edit.
2. Click the Next button until you reach the Realm authorizations page.
3. Click Add and then enter the following information in the Add Authorizations dialog box:

   • Realm Authorization Grantee: Enter SEBASTIAN.

   • Realm Authorization Type: Select Participant from the list.

   • Realm Authorization Ruleset: Leave this field blank.

4. Click OK.

   The Participant authorization allows the user SEBASTIAN in the HR Apps realm to manage access, manipulate, and create objects protected by the HR Apps realm. In this case, the HR user and SEBASTIAN are the only users allowed to view the EMPLOYEES table.

5. Click Done, and then Finish.

Step 6: Test the Realm

To test the realm, you must try to access the EMPLOYEES table as a user other than HR.

The SYSTEM account normally has access to all objects in the HR schema, but now that you have safeguarded the EMPLOYEES table with Oracle Database Vault, this is no longer the case.

1. In SQL*Plus, connect as SYSTEM.

   CONNECT SYSTEM -- Or, CONNECT SYSTEM@hrpdb
   Enter password: password
   

2. Try accessing the salary information in the EMPLOYEES table again:

   SELECT FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, SALARY FROM HR.EMPLOYEES WHERE ROWNUM <10;
   

   The following output should appear:

   Error at line 1:
   ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
   

   SYSTEM no longer has access to the salary information in the EMPLOYEES table. (In fact, even user SYS does not have access to this table.) However, user SEBASTIAN does have access to this information.

3. Connect as user SEBASTIAN.

   CONNECT sebastian -- Or, CONNECT sebastian@hrpdb
   Enter password: password
   

4. Perform the following query:

   SELECT FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, SALARY FROM HR.EMPLOYEES WHERE ROWNUM <10;
   

   Output similar to the following appears:

   FIRST_NAME           LAST_NAME                     SALARY
   -------------------- ------------------------- ----------
   Steven               King                           24000
   Neena                Kochhar                        17000
   Lex                  De Haan                        17000
   Alexander            Hunold                          9000
   Bruce                Ernst                           6000
   David                Austin                          4800
   Valli                Pataballa                       4800
   Diana                Lorentz                         4200
   Nancy                Greenberg                      12008
   
   9 rows selected.

Step 7: If Unified Auditing Is Not Enabled, Then Run a Report

Because you enabled auditing on failure for the HR Apps realm, you can generate a report to find any security violations.

For example, you could generate a report for the violation that you attempted in Step 6: Test the Realm.

1. In SQL*Plus, connect as user SYSTEM and ensure that unified auditing is not enabled.

   CONNECT SYSTEM -- Or, CONNECT SYSTEM@hrpdb
   Enter password: password
   
   SQL> SELECT VALUE FROM V$OPTION WHERE PARAMETER = 'Unified Auditing';
   

   If VALUE returns TRUE, then you cannot complete this section. Go to Step 8: Remove the Components for This Tutorial.

   If unified auditing is enabled, then you must create a unified audit policy to capture events. See Oracle Database Security Guide for information about how to create unified audit policies for Oracle Database Vault.

2. In the Database Vault Administrator page, click Home to display the home page.
3. In the Database Vault Home page, under Reports, select Database Vault Reports.
4. In the Database Vault Reports page, select Database Vault Enforcement Audit Report.
5. From the Database Vault Audit Report list, select Realm Audit Report.
6. In the Search area, from the Command menu, select Equals and in the text field, enter SELECT. Then click Search.

   The report appears in the table that follows the Search region.

7. Click OK to exit the report.

Oracle Database Vault generates a report listing the type of violation (in this case, the SELECT statement entered in the previous section), when and where it occurred, the login account who tried the violation, and what the violation was.

Step 8: Remove the Components for This Tutorial

You can remove the components that you created for this tutorial if you no longer need them.

1. Drop user SEBASTIAN.

   In SQL*Plus, log on as the Oracle Database Vault account manager (for example, bea_dvacctmgr) and then drop SEBASTIAN as follows:

   sqlplus bea_dvacctmgr -- Or, CONNECT bea_dvacctmgr@hrpdb
   Enter password: password
   
   DROP USER SEBASTIAN;
   

2. Delete the HR Apps realm.

   1. In Cloud Control, ensure that you are logged in as a user who has the DV_OWNER role.

   2. In the Database Vault Home page, click Administration.

   3. In the Realms page, select HR Apps from the list of realms.

   4. Click Delete, and in the Confirmation window, click Yes.

3. If necessary, in SQL*Plus, lock and expire the HR account.

   ALTER USER HR ACCOUNT LOCK PASSWORD EXPIRE;