部署 Active Data Guard 远同步实例

从主数据库创建远同步控制文件，并将其复制到远同步主机。

SQL> alter database create far sync instance controlfile as '/home/oracle/controlfs.ctl';

将新创建的控制文件复制到远同步实例主机。

scp -p controlfs.ctl farsync-region1:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/fstor/controlfs/
scp -p controlfs.ctl farsync-region2:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/fssyd/controlfs/

使用远同步实例名称将主数据库的密码文件复制到远同步主机。

在此示例中，主区域（区域 1）中的远同步实例将命名为 FSTOR。因此，口令文件的名称将为 orapwFSTOR。

# check the location of the password file
SQL> select file_name from v$passwordfile_info;
                    
# as grid user, copy the file from ASM to the local filesystem
asmcmd -p
cp +DATAC2/DB_REGION1/PASSWORD/pwddb_region1.421.1185102507 /home/grid/orapw
                   
# as root user, change the owner of the password file to oracle user
cp /home/grid/orapw /home/oracle/
chown oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/orapw
                    
# copy the files to the Far Sync instance hosts using the new names "orapwFSTOR" and "orapwFSSYD"
scp -p /home/oracle/orapw farsync-region1:/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwFSTOR
scp -p /home/oracle/orapw farsync-region2:/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwFSSYD

从主数据库为远同步实例创建参数文件，将其复制到远同步实例主机，并调整参数以反映远同步实例的参数值和目录路径。或者，您也可以从远同步实例主机（例如，在“主要”区域中）上的新参数文件开始。

在主要区域 (FSTOR)：

# create a parameter file
vi /u01/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/init_FSTOR.ora
*.db_name='DBTOR'
*.db_unique_name='FSTOR'
*.compatible='19.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/fstor/controlfs/controlfs.ctl'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/fstor/diag/'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/fstor/coredump/'
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/fstor/audit/'
*.audit_trail='DB'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/fstor/fra/'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=250g
*.dg_broker_config_file1='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/fstor/dg_broker/fstor_01.dat'
*.dg_broker_config_file2='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/fstor/dg_broker/fstor_02.dat'
*.dg_broker_start=TRUE*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=FSTORXDB)'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
                            
# start the instance with the parameter file
export ORACLE_SID=FSTOR
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/init_FSTOR.ora' nomount;
                            
# create an spfile
create spfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/spfileFSTOR.ora' from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/init_FSTOR.ora';
                            
# restart the instance with the spfile
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
select name, db_unique_name, database_role, open_mode from v$database;

在备用区域 (FSSYD)：

# create a parameter file
vi /u01/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/init_FSSYD.ora
*.db_name='DBTOR'
*.db_unique_name='FSSYD'
*.compatible='19.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/fssyd/controlfs/controlfs.ctl'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/fssyd/diag/'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/fssyd/coredump/'
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/fssyd/audit/'
*.audit_trail='DB'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/fssyd/fra/'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=250g
*.dg_broker_config_file1='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/fssyd/dg_broker/fssyd_01.dat'
*.dg_broker_config_file2='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/fssyd/dg_broker/fssyd_02.dat'
*.dg_broker_start=TRUE
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=FSSYDXDB)'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
                            
# start the instance with the parameter file
export ORACLE_SID=FSSYD
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/init_FSSYD.ora' nomount;
                            
# create an spfile
create spfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/spfileFSSYD.ora' from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/init_FSSYD.ora';
                            
# restart the instance with the spfile
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
select name, db_unique_name, database_role, open_mode from v$database;

在每个远同步主机上创建并启动数据库监听程序。

在主要区域中：

vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = farsync-region1.hubsubnetregion1.hubvcnregion1.oraclevcn.com)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )
                            
lsnrctl start
lsnrctl services

在“Standby（备用）”区域中：

vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = farsync-region2.hubsubnetregion2.hubvcnregion2.oraclevcn.com)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )
                            
lsnrctl start
lsnrctl services

在远同步主机上添加主 TNS 和备用 TNS 项。

vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
                    
DB_REGION1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = vmc1ca-4vzoi-scan.ocidbdelegated.ocivnoffsitedb.oraclevcn.com)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = db_region1.ocidbdelegated.ocivnoffsitedb.oraclevcn.com)
    )
  )

DB_REGION2 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = abvmc1auseh-glcfo-scan.ociabvnet5subn.ociabvirtualne.oraclevcn.com)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = db_region2.ociabvnet5subn.ociabvirtualne.oraclevcn.com)
    )
  )

在主数据库主机和备用数据库主机上添加远同步 TNS 条目并测试连接。

将远同步实例的 TNS 连接字符串添加到主数据库主机和备用数据库主机（在 Exadata VM 集群的所有主机上）上的 tnsname.ora 文件。

vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/dbtor/tnsnames.ora
FSTOR =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = farsync-region1)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = FSTOR)
    )
  )

FSSYD =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = farsync-region2)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = FSSYD)
    )
  )
# Test the connectivity
sqlplus SYS@FSTOR as sysdba
show parameter instance_name

sqlplus SYS@FSSYD as sysdba
show parameter instance_name

# If the connection fails, ensure port 1521 is open on Far Sync hosts
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=1521/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

在 Active Data Guard 中介配置（从主数据库）中添加和启用远同步实例。

在连接到主数据库时，使用 Active Data Guard 中介将远同步实例添加到现有的 Active Data Guard 配置。

dgmgrl SYS as sysdba

DGMGRL> ADD FAR_SYNC FSTOR AS CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS FSTOR;
DGMGRL> ENABLE FAR_SYNC FSTOR;

DGMGRL> ADD FAR_SYNC FSSYD AS CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS FSSYD;
DGMGRL> ENABLE FAR_SYNC FSSYD;

在中介中为主数据库和远同步实例配置 RedoRoutes 属性。

使用 Active Data Guard 中介的 RedoRoutes 属性将主数据库配置为在 FastSync 模式下将 redo 传输到本地远同步实例，在 ASYNC 模式下将 redo 转发到远程备用数据库。

DGMGRL> EDIT DATABASE 'db_region1' SET PROPERTY RedoRoutes = '( LOCAL : ( FSTOR FASTSYNC PRIORITY=1, db_region2 ASYNC PRIORITY=2 ))';
DGMGRL> EDIT FAR_SYNC 'FSTOR' SET PROPERTY RedoRoutes = '( db_region1 : db_region2 ASYNC )';

DGMGRL> EDIT DATABASE 'db_region2' SET PROPERTY RedoRoutes = '( LOCAL : ( FSSYD FASTSYNC PRIORITY=1, db_region1 ASYNC PRIORITY=2 ))';
DGMGRL> EDIT FAR_SYNC 'FSSYD' SET PROPERTY RedoRoutes = '( db_region2 : db_region1 ASYNC )';

主、备用和远同步实例的数据库 log_archive_dest_n 参数会相应地设置。

将配置保护模式更改为 Maximum Availability。

DGMGRL> EDIT CONFIGURATION SET PROTECTION MODE AS MAXAVAILABILITY;

检查 Active Data Guard 配置。

DGMGRL> SHOW CONFIGURATION

Configuration - dbtor_dgconf

Protection Mode: MaxAvailability
Members:
  db_region1 - Primary database
  fstor      - Far sync instance
  db_region2  - Physical standby database

Members Not Receiving Redo:
  fssyd      - Far sync instance

Fast-Start Failover:  Disabled

Configuration Status:
  SUCCESS   (status updated 57 seconds ago)

注意：

最初，远程远同步实例可能会显示 Warning: ORA-16789: standby redo logs configured incorrectly，直到它首次收到 redo 数据。例如，在角色切换或临时更新 redo 路由之后。

在切换后检查配置。

DGMGRL> SHOW CONFIGURATION

Configuration - dbtor_dgconf

Protection Mode: MaxAvailability
Members:
  db_region2  - Primary database
  fssyd      - Far sync instance
  db_region1 - Physical standby database

Members Not Receiving Redo:
  fstor      - Far sync instance

Fast-Start Failover:  Disabled

Configuration Status:
  SUCCESS   (status updated 54 seconds ago)