建立 employees_pkg 套件
此段落顯示如何建立 employees_pkg 套裝程式、其子程式的運作方式、如何將套裝程式的執行權限授予需要的使用者，以及這些使用者可以如何呼叫其中一個子程式。
建立 employees_pkg 套裝軟體的步驟：
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以使用者 app_code 身分連線至 Oracle Database。
如需相關指示，請參閱從 SQL*Plus 連線至 Oracle Database 或從 SQL Developer 連線至 Oracle Database 。
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建立這些同義字：
CREATE OR REPLACE SYNONYM employees FOR app_data.employees; CREATE OR REPLACE SYNONYM departments FOR app_data.departments; CREATE OR REPLACE SYNONYM jobs FOR app_data.jobs; CREATE OR REPLACE SYNONYM job_history FOR app_data.job_history;您可以在 SQL*Plus 或 SQL Developer 的「工作表」中輸入 CREATE SYNONYM 敘述句。或者，您也可以使用 SQL Developer 工具「建立同義字」來建立同義字。
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建立薪資配套規格。
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建立套件主體。
建立 employees_pkg 的套裝軟體規格
注意：您必須以使用者 app_code 的身分連線至 Oracle Database。
若要為 employees_pkg (經理的 API) 建立套裝程式規格，請使用下列 CREATE PACKAGE 敘述句。您可以在 SQL*Plus 或 SQL Developer 的「工作表」中輸入敘述句。或者，您也可以使用 SQL Developer 工具「建立套裝程式」建立套裝程式。
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE employees_pkg
AS
PROCEDURE get_employees_in_dept
( p_deptno IN employees.department_id%TYPE,
p_result_set IN OUT SYS_REFCURSOR );
PROCEDURE get_job_history
( p_employee_id IN employees.department_id%TYPE,
p_result_set IN OUT SYS_REFCURSOR );
PROCEDURE show_employee
( p_employee_id IN employees.employee_id%TYPE,
p_result_set IN OUT SYS_REFCURSOR );
PROCEDURE update_salary
( p_employee_id IN employees.employee_id%TYPE,
p_new_salary IN employees.salary%TYPE );
PROCEDURE change_job
( p_employee_id IN employees.employee_id%TYPE,
p_new_job IN employees.job_id%TYPE,
p_new_salary IN employees.salary%TYPE := NULL,
p_new_dept IN employees.department_id%TYPE := NULL );
END employees_pkg;
/另請參閱：
-
「關於應用程式」
-
Oracle Database PL/SQL Language Reference，瞭解 CREATE PACKAGE 敘述句的相關資訊
建立 employees_pkg 的套裝軟體主體
注意：您必須以使用者 app_code 的身分連線至 Oracle Database。
若要為經理人員 API employees_pkg 建立套裝程式主體，請使用下列 CREATE PACKAGE BODY 敘述句。您可以在 SQL*Plus 或 SQL Developer 的「工作表」中輸入敘述句。或者，您可以使用 SQL Developer 工具「建立主體」來建立套裝程式。
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY employees_pkg
AS
PROCEDURE get_employees_in_dept
( p_deptno IN employees.department_id%TYPE,
p_result_set IN OUT SYS_REFCURSOR )
IS
l_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN p_result_set FOR
SELECT e.employee_id,
e.first_name || ' ' || e.last_name name,
TO_CHAR( e.hire_date, 'Dy Mon ddth, yyyy' ) hire_date,
j.job_title,
m.first_name || ' ' || m.last_name manager,
d.department_name
FROM employees e INNER JOIN jobs j ON (e.job_id = j.job_id)
LEFT OUTER JOIN employees m ON (e.manager_id = m.employee_id)
INNER JOIN departments d ON (e.department_id = d.department_id)
WHERE e.department_id = p_deptno ;
END get_employees_in_dept;
PROCEDURE get_job_history
( p_employee_id IN employees.department_id%TYPE,
p_result_set IN OUT SYS_REFCURSOR )
IS
BEGIN
OPEN p_result_set FOR
SELECT e.First_name || ' ' || e.last_name name, j.job_title,
e.job_start_date start_date,
TO_DATE(NULL) end_date
FROM employees e INNER JOIN jobs j ON (e.job_id = j.job_id)
WHERE e.employee_id = p_employee_id
UNION ALL
SELECT e.First_name || ' ' || e.last_name name,
j.job_title,
jh.start_date,
jh.end_date
FROM employees e INNER JOIN job_history jh
ON (e.employee_id = jh.employee_id)
INNER JOIN jobs j ON (jh.job_id = j.job_id)
WHERE e.employee_id = p_employee_id
ORDER BY start_date DESC;
END get_job_history;
PROCEDURE show_employee
( p_employee_id IN employees.employee_id%TYPE,
p_result_set IN OUT sys_refcursor )
IS
BEGIN
OPEN p_result_set FOR
SELECT *
FROM (SELECT TO_CHAR(e.employee_id) employee_id,
e.first_name || ' ' || e.last_name name,
e.email_addr,
TO_CHAR(e.hire_date,'dd-mon-yyyy') hire_date,
e.country_code,
e.phone_number,
j.job_title,
TO_CHAR(e.job_start_date,'dd-mon-yyyy') job_start_date,
to_char(e.salary) salary,
m.first_name || ' ' || m.last_name manager,
d.department_name
FROM employees e INNER JOIN jobs j on (e.job_id = j.job_id)
RIGHT OUTER JOIN employees m ON (m.employee_id = e.manager_id)
INNER JOIN departments d ON (e.department_id = d.department_id)
WHERE e.employee_id = p_employee_id)
UNPIVOT (VALUE FOR ATTRIBUTE IN (employee_id, name, email_addr, hire_date,
country_code, phone_number, job_title, job_start_date, salary, manager,
department_name) );
END show_employee;
PROCEDURE update_salary
( p_employee_id IN employees.employee_id%type,
p_new_salary IN employees.salary%type )
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = p_new_salary
WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
END update_salary;
PROCEDURE change_job
( p_employee_id IN employees.employee_id%TYPE,
p_new_job IN employees.job_id%TYPE,
p_new_salary IN employees.salary%TYPE := NULL,
p_new_dept IN employees.department_id%TYPE := NULL )
IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO job_history (employee_id, start_date, end_date, job_id,
department_id)
SELECT employee_id, job_start_date, TRUNC(SYSDATE), job_id, department_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
UPDATE employees
SET job_id = p_new_job,
department_id = NVL( p_new_dept, department_id ),
salary = NVL( p_new_salary, salary ),
job_start_date = TRUNC(SYSDATE)
WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
END change_job;
END employees_pkg;
/另請參閱：
-
「關於應用程式」
-
Oracle Database PL/SQL Language Reference，瞭解 CREATE PACKAGE BODY 敘述句的相關資訊
教學課程：顯示 employees_pkg 子程式的運作方式
本教學課程使用 SQL*Plus 顯示 employees_pkg 套裝程式的子程式如何運作。此教學課程也顯示觸發器 employees_aiufer 和 CHECK 限制 job_history_date_check 的運作方式。
注意：您必須從 SQL*Plus 以使用者 app_code 的身分連線至 Oracle Database。
若要使用 SQL*Plus 來顯示 employees_pkg 子程式的運作方式：
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使用格式化指令可以提高輸出的可讀性。舉例而言：
SET LINESIZE 80 SET RECSEP WRAPPED SET RECSEPCHAR "=" COLUMN NAME FORMAT A15 WORD_WRAPPED COLUMN HIRE_DATE FORMAT A20 WORD_WRAPPED COLUMN DEPARTMENT_NAME FORMAT A10 WORD_WRAPPED COLUMN JOB_TITLE FORMAT A29 WORD_WRAPPED COLUMN MANAGER FORMAT A11 WORD_WRAPPED -
宣告子程式參數 p_result_set 值的連結變數：
VARIABLE c REFCURSOR -
在部門 90 顯示員工：
EXEC employees_pkg.get_employees_in_dept( 90, :c ); PRINT c結果：
EMPLOYEE_ID NAME HIRE_DATE JOB_TITLE ----------- --------------- -------------------- -------------------------- MANAGER DEPARTMENT ----------- ---------- 100 Steven King Tue Jun 17th, 2003 President Executive =========================================================================== 102 Lex De Haan Sat Jan 13th, 2001 Administration Vice President Steven King Executive =========================================================================== 101 Neena Kochhar Wed Sep 21st, 2005 Administration Vice President Steven King Executive =========================================================================== -
顯示員工 101 的職務記錄：
EXEC employees_pkg.get_job_history( 101, :c ); PRINT c結果：
NAME JOB_TITLE START_DAT END_DATE --------------- ----------------------------- --------- --------- Neena Kochhar Administration Vice President 16-MAR-05 Neena Kochhar Accounting Manager 28-OCT-01 15-MAR-05 Neena Kochhar Public Accountant 21-SEP-97 27-OCT-01 -
顯示員工 101 的一般資訊：
EXEC employees_pkg.show_employee( 101, :c ); PRINT c結果：
ATTRIBUTE VALUE --------------- ---------------------------------------------- EMPLOYEE_ID 101 NAME Neena Kochhar EMAIL_ADDR NKOCHHAR HIRE_DATE 21-sep-2005 COUNTRY_CODE +1 PHONE_NUMBER 515.123.4568 JOB_TITLE Administration Vice President JOB_START_DATE 16-mar-05 SALARY 17000 MANAGER Steven King DEPARTMENT_NAME Executive 11 rows selected. -
顯示職務管理副總裁的相關資訊：
SELECT * FROM jobs WHERE job_title = 'Administration Vice President';結果：
JOB_ID JOB_TITLE MIN_SALARY MAX_SALARY ---------- ----------------------------- ---------- ---------- AD_VP Administration Vice President 15000 30000 -
嘗試讓員工 101 在其職務範圍外的新薪資：
EXEC employees_pkg.update_salary( 101, 30001 );結果：
SQL> EXEC employees_pkg.update_salary( 101, 30001 ); BEGIN employees_pkg.update_salary( 101, 30001 ); END; * ERROR at line 1: ORA-20002: Salary modification invalid ORA-06512: at "APP_DATA.EMPLOYEES_AIUFER", line 13 ORA-04088: error during execution of trigger 'APP_DATA.EMPLOYEES_AIUFER' ORA-06512: at "APP_CODE.EMPLOYEES_PKG", line 77 ORA-06512: at line 1 -
給予員工 101 在職務範圍內的新薪資，並再次顯示關於她的一般資訊：
EXEC employees_pkg.update_salary( 101, 18000 ); EXEC employees_pkg.show_employee( 101, :c ); PRINT c結果：
ATTRIBUTE VALUE --------------- ---------------------------------------------- EMPLOYEE_ID 101 NAME Neena Kochhar EMAIL_ADDR NKOCHHAR HIRE_DATE 21-sep-2005 COUNTRY_CODE +1 PHONE_NUMBER 515.123.4568 JOB_TITLE Administration Vice President JOB_START_DATE 16-mar-05 SALARY 18000 MANAGER Steven King DEPARTMENT_NAME Executive 11 rows selected. -
將員工 101 的工作變更為其薪資較低的目前工作：
EXEC employees_pkg.change_job( 101, 'AD_VP', 17500, 90 );結果：
SQL> exec employees_pkg.change_job( 101, 'AD_VP', 17500, 90 ); BEGIN employees_pkg.change_job( 101, 'AD_VP', 17500, 80 ); END; * ERROR at line 1: ORA-02290: check constraint (APP_DATA.JOB_HISTORY_DATE_CHECK) violated ORA-06512: at "APP_CODE.EMPLOYEES_PKG", line 101 ORA-06512: at line 1 -
顯示員工的相關資訊。(請注意，先前步驟中的陳述式並未變更薪資；其為 18000，而非 17500。)
exec employees_pkg.show_employee( 101, :c ); print c結果：
ATTRIBUTE VALUE --------------- ---------------------------------------------- EMPLOYEE_ID 101 NAME Neena Kochhar EMAIL_ADDR NKOCHHAR HIRE_DATE 21-sep-2005 COUNTRY_CODE +1 PHONE_NUMBER 515.123.4568 JOB_TITLE Administration Vice President JOB_START_DATE 10-mar-2015 SALARY 18000 MANAGER Steven King DEPARTMENT_NAME Executive 11 rows selected.
另請參閱：
-
SQL*Plus 使用手冊和參照，瞭解 SQL*Plus 命令的相關資訊
將執行權限授予 app_user 和 app_admin_user
注意：您必須以使用者 app_code 的身分連線至 Oracle Database。
若要將套裝軟體 employees_pkg 的執行權限授予 app_user (通常是管理員) 和 app_admin_user (應用程式管理員)，請使用下列 GRANT 敘述句 (順序進行)。您可以在 SQL*Plus 或 SQL Developer 的「工作表」中輸入敘述句。
GRANT EXECUTE ON employees_pkg TO app_user;
GRANT EXECUTE ON employees_pkg TO app_admin_user;另請參閱：
-
Oracle Database SQL Language Reference，瞭解 GRANT 敘述句的相關資訊
教學課程：以 app_user 或 app_admin_user 的身分呼叫 get_job_history
本教學課程使用 SQL*Plus，說明如何以使用者 app_user (通常是管理員) 或 app_admin_user (應用程式管理員) 的身分呼叫子程式 app_code.employees_pkg.get_job_history。
以 app_user 或 app_admin_user 身分呼叫 employees_pkg.get_job_history 的步驟：
-
從 SQL*Plus，以 app_user 或 app_admin_user 使用者身分連線到 Oracle Database。
如需指示，請參閱 Connecting to Oracle Database from SQL*Plus 。
-
建立此同義字：
CREATE SYNONYM employees_pkg FOR app_code.employees_pkg; -
顯示員工 101 的職務記錄：
EXEC employees_pkg.get_job_history( 101, :c ); PRINT c結果：
NAME JOB_TITLE START_DAT END_DATE --------------- ----------------------------- --------- --------- Neena Kochhar Administration Vice President 16-MAR-05 15-MAY-12 Neena Kochhar Accounting Manager 28-OCT-01 15-MAR-05 Neena Kochhar Public Accountant 21-SEP-97 27-OCT-01