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java.io
Class Writer


java.lang.Object
  extended by java.io.Writer
All Implemented Interfaces:
Appendable , Closeable
Direct Known Subclasses:
BufferedWriter , CharArrayWriter , FilterWriter , OutputStreamWriter , PipedWriter , PrintWriter , StringWriter
public abstract class Writer
extends Object
implements Appendable , Closeable

Abstract class for writing to character streams. The only methods that a subclass must implement are write(char[], int, int), flush(), and close(). Most subclasses, however, will override some of the methods defined here in order to provide higher efficiency, additional functionality, or both.

Since:
JDK1.1
See Also:
Writer , BufferedWriter , CharArrayWriter , FilterWriter , OutputStreamWriter , FileWriter , PipedWriter , PrintWriter , StringWriter , Reader

Field Summary
protected   Object lock
          The object used to synchronize operations on this stream.
 
Constructor Summary
protected Writer ()
          Create a new character-stream writer whose critical sections will synchronize on the writer itself.
protected Writer ( Object  lock)
          Create a new character-stream writer whose critical sections will synchronize on the given object.
 
Method Summary
  Writer append (char c)
          Appends the specified character to this writer.
  Writer append ( CharSequence
          Appends the specified character sequence to this writer.
abstract  void close ()
          Close the stream, flushing it first.
abstract  void flush ()
          Flush the stream.
 void write (char[] cbuf)
          Write an array of characters.
abstract  void write (char[] cbuf, int off, int len)
          Write a portion of an array of characters.
 void write (int c)
          Write a single character.
 void write ( String  str)
          Write a string.
 void write ( String  str, int off, int len)
          Write a portion of a string.
 
Methods inherited from class java.lang. Object
clone , equals , finalize , getClass , hashCode , notify , notifyAll , toString , wait , wait , wait
 

Field Detail

lock


protected Object lock
The object used to synchronize operations on this stream. For efficiency, a character-stream object may use an object other than itself to protect critical sections. A subclass should therefore use the object in this field rather than this or a synchronized method.

Constructor Detail

Writer


protected Writer()
Create a new character-stream writer whose critical sections will synchronize on the writer itself.

Writer


protected Writer(Object lock)
Create a new character-stream writer whose critical sections will synchronize on the given object.

Parameters:
lock - Object to synchronize on.
Method Detail

write


public void write(int c)
           throws IOException
Write a single character. The character to be written is contained in the 16 low-order bits of the given integer value; the 16 high-order bits are ignored.

Subclasses that intend to support efficient single-character output should override this method.

Parameters:
c - int specifying a character to be written.
Throws:
IOException - If an I/O error occurs

write


public void write(char[] cbuf)
           throws IOException
Write an array of characters.

Parameters:
cbuf - Array of characters to be written
Throws:
IOException - If an I/O error occurs

write


public abstract void write(char[] cbuf,
                           int off,
                           int len)
                    throws IOException
Write a portion of an array of characters.

Parameters:
cbuf - Array of characters
off - Offset from which to start writing characters
len - Number of characters to write
Throws:
IOException - If an I/O error occurs

write


public void write(String str)
           throws IOException
Write a string.

Parameters:
str - String to be written
Throws:
IOException - If an I/O error occurs

write


public void write(String str,
                  int off,
                  int len)
           throws IOException
Write a portion of a string.

Parameters:
str - A String
off - Offset from which to start writing characters
len - Number of characters to write
Throws:
IOException - If an I/O error occurs

append 


 
public Writerappend ( CharSequence csq)
 throws IOException
Appends the specified character sequence to this writer.

An invocation of this method of the form out.append(csq) behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation 


 out.write(csq.toString())

Depending on the specification of toString for the character sequence csq , the entire sequence may not be appended. For instance, invoking the toString method of a character buffer will return a subsequence whose content depends upon the buffer's position and limit.

Specified by:
append in interface Appendable
Parameters:
csq - The character sequence to append. If csq is null , then the four characters "null" are appended to this text-output stream.
Returns:
This writer
Throws:
IOException - If an I/O error occurs
Since:
1.5

append 


 
public Writerappend (char c)
 throws IOException
Appends the specified character to this writer.

An invocation of this method of the form out.append(c) behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation 


 out.write(c)

Specified by:
append in interface Appendable
Parameters:
c - The 16-bit character to append
Returns:
This writer
Throws:
IOException - If an I/O error occurs
Since:
1.5

flush


public abstract void flush()
                    throws IOException
Flush the stream. If the stream has saved any characters from the various write() methods in a buffer, write them immediately to their intended destination. Then, if that destination is another character or byte stream, flush it. Thus one flush() invocation will flush all the buffers in a chain of Writers and OutputStreams.

If the intended destination of this stream is an abstraction provided by the underlying operating system, for example a file, then flushing the stream guarantees only that bytes previously written to the stream are passed to the operating system for writing; it does not guarantee that they are actually written to a physical device such as a disk drive.

Throws:
IOException - If an I/O error occurs

close


public abstract void close()
                    throws IOException
Close the stream, flushing it first. Once a stream has been closed, further write() or flush() invocations will cause an IOException to be thrown. Closing a previously-closed stream, however, has no effect.

Specified by:
close in interface Closeable
Throws:
IOException - If an I/O error occurs