MySQL 5.6 Reference Manual Including MySQL NDB Cluster 7.3-7.4 Reference Guide
Keywords are words that have significance in SQL. Certain
keywords, such as SELECT
,
DELETE
, or
BIGINT
, are reserved and require
special treatment for use as identifiers such as table and column
names. This may also be true for the names of built-in functions.
Nonreserved keywords are permitted as identifiers without quoting. Reserved words are permitted as identifiers if you quote them as described in Section 9.2, “Schema Object Names”:
mysql> CREATE TABLE interval (begin INT, end INT);
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax ...
near 'interval (begin INT, end INT)'
BEGIN
and END
are keywords
but not reserved, so their use as identifiers does not require
quoting. INTERVAL
is a reserved keyword and
must be quoted to be used as an identifier:
mysql> CREATE TABLE `interval` (begin INT, end INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Exception: A word that follows a period in a qualified name must be an identifier, so it need not be quoted even if it is reserved:
mysql> CREATE TABLE mydb.interval (begin INT, end INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Names of built-in functions are permitted as identifiers but may
require care to be used as such. For example,
COUNT
is acceptable as a column name. However,
by default, no whitespace is permitted in function invocations
between the function name and the following (
character. This requirement enables the parser to distinguish
whether the name is used in a function call or in nonfunction
context. For further details on recognition of function names, see
Section 9.2.5, “Function Name Parsing and Resolution”.
The following list shows the keywords and reserved words in
MySQL 5.6, along with changes to individual words
from version to version. Reserved keywords are marked with (R).
In addition, _FILENAME
is reserved.
At some point, you might upgrade to a higher version, so it is a
good idea to have a look at future reserved words, too. You can
find these in the manuals that cover higher versions of MySQL.
Most of the reserved words in the list are forbidden by standard
SQL as column or table names (for example,
GROUP
). A few are reserved because MySQL
needs them and uses a yacc parser.
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
ACCESSIBLE
(R)
ACTION
ADD
(R)
AFTER
AGAINST
AGGREGATE
ALGORITHM
ALL
(R)
ALTER
(R)
ANALYSE
; added in 5.6.6 (nonreserved)
ANALYZE
(R)
AND
(R)
ANY
AS
(R)
ASC
(R)
ASCII
ASENSITIVE
(R)
AT
AUTHORS
; removed in 5.6.8
AUTOEXTEND_SIZE
AUTO_INCREMENT
AVG
AVG_ROW_LENGTH
BACKUP
BEFORE
(R)
BEGIN
BETWEEN
(R)
BIGINT
(R)
BINARY
(R)
BINLOG
BIT
BLOB
(R)
BLOCK
BOOL
BOOLEAN
BOTH
(R)
BTREE
BY
(R)
BYTE
CACHE
CALL
(R)
CASCADE
(R)
CASCADED
CASE
(R)
CATALOG_NAME
CHAIN
CHANGE
(R)
CHANGED
CHAR
(R)
CHARACTER
(R)
CHARSET
CHECK
(R)
CHECKSUM
CIPHER
CLASS_ORIGIN
CLIENT
CLOSE
COALESCE
CODE
COLLATE
(R)
COLLATION
COLUMN
(R)
COLUMNS
COLUMN_FORMAT
; added in 5.6.6 (nonreserved)
COLUMN_NAME
COMMENT
COMMIT
COMMITTED
COMPACT
COMPLETION
COMPRESSED
CONCURRENT
CONDITION
(R)
CONNECTION
CONSISTENT
CONSTRAINT
(R)
CONSTRAINT_CATALOG
CONSTRAINT_NAME
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA
CONTAINS
CONTEXT
CONTINUE
(R)
CONTRIBUTORS
; removed in 5.6.8
CONVERT
(R)
CPU
CREATE
(R)
CROSS
(R)
CUBE
CURRENT
; added in 5.6.4 (nonreserved)
CURRENT_DATE
(R)
CURRENT_TIME
(R)
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
(R)
CURRENT_USER
(R)
CURSOR
(R)
CURSOR_NAME
DATA
DATABASE
(R)
DATABASES
(R)
DATAFILE
DATE
DATETIME
DAY
DAY_HOUR
(R)
DAY_MICROSECOND
(R)
DAY_MINUTE
(R)
DAY_SECOND
(R)
DEALLOCATE
DEC
(R)
DECIMAL
(R)
DECLARE
(R)
DEFAULT
(R)
DEFAULT_AUTH
; added in 5.6.4 (nonreserved)
DEFINER
DELAYED
(R)
DELAY_KEY_WRITE
DELETE
(R)
DESC
(R)
DESCRIBE
(R)
DES_KEY_FILE
DETERMINISTIC
(R)
DIAGNOSTICS
; added in 5.6.4 (nonreserved)
DIRECTORY
DISABLE
DISCARD
DISK
DISTINCT
(R)
DISTINCTROW
(R)
DIV
(R)
DO
DOUBLE
(R)
DROP
(R)
DUAL
(R)
DUMPFILE
DUPLICATE
DYNAMIC
EACH
(R)
ELSE
(R)
ELSEIF
(R)
ENABLE
ENCLOSED
(R)
END
ENDS
ENGINE
ENGINES
ENUM
ERROR
ERRORS
ESCAPE
ESCAPED
(R)
EVENT
EVENTS
EVERY
EXCHANGE
EXECUTE
EXISTS
(R)
EXIT
(R)
EXPANSION
EXPIRE
; added in 5.6.6 (nonreserved)
EXPLAIN
(R)
EXPORT
; added in 5.6.6 (nonreserved)
EXTENDED
EXTENT_SIZE
FALSE
(R)
FAST
FAULTS
FETCH
(R)
FIELDS
FILE
FIRST
FIXED
FLOAT
(R)
FLOAT4
(R)
FLOAT8
(R)
FLUSH
FOR
(R)
FORCE
(R)
FOREIGN
(R)
FORMAT
; added in 5.6.5 (nonreserved)
FOUND
FROM
(R)
FULL
FULLTEXT
(R)
FUNCTION
GENERAL
; became nonreserved in 5.6.1
GEOMETRY
GEOMETRYCOLLECTION
GET
(R); added in 5.6.4 (reserved)
GET_FORMAT
GLOBAL
GRANT
(R)
GRANTS
GROUP
(R)
HANDLER
HASH
HAVING
(R)
HELP
HIGH_PRIORITY
(R)
HOST
HOSTS
HOUR
HOUR_MICROSECOND
(R)
HOUR_MINUTE
(R)
HOUR_SECOND
(R)
IDENTIFIED
IF
(R)
IGNORE
(R)
IGNORE_SERVER_IDS
; became nonreserved in 5.6.1
IMPORT
IN
(R)
INDEX
(R)
INDEXES
INFILE
(R)
INITIAL_SIZE
INNER
(R)
INOUT
(R)
INSENSITIVE
(R)
INSERT
(R)
INSERT_METHOD
INSTALL
INT
(R)
INT1
(R)
INT2
(R)
INT3
(R)
INT4
(R)
INT8
(R)
INTEGER
(R)
INTERVAL
(R)
INTO
(R)
INVOKER
IO
IO_AFTER_GTIDS
(R); added in 5.6.5 (reserved)
IO_BEFORE_GTIDS
(R); added in 5.6.5 (reserved)
IO_THREAD
IPC
IS
(R)
ISOLATION
ISSUER
ITERATE
(R)
JOIN
(R)
KEY
(R)
KEYS
(R)
KEY_BLOCK_SIZE
KILL
(R)
LANGUAGE
LAST
LEADING
(R)
LEAVE
(R)
LEAVES
LEFT
(R)
LESS
LEVEL
LIKE
(R)
LIMIT
(R)
LINEAR
(R)
LINES
(R)
LINESTRING
LIST
LOAD
(R)
LOCAL
LOCALTIME
(R)
LOCALTIMESTAMP
(R)
LOCK
(R)
LOCKS
LOGFILE
LOGS
LONG
(R)
LONGBLOB
(R)
LONGTEXT
(R)
LOOP
(R)
LOW_PRIORITY
(R)
MASTER
MASTER_AUTO_POSITION
; added in 5.6.5 (nonreserved)
MASTER_BIND
(R); added in 5.6.1 (reserved)
MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY
MASTER_DELAY
MASTER_HEARTBEAT_PERIOD
; became nonreserved in 5.6.1
MASTER_HOST
MASTER_LOG_FILE
MASTER_LOG_POS
MASTER_PASSWORD
MASTER_PORT
MASTER_RETRY_COUNT
; added in 5.6.1 (nonreserved)
MASTER_SERVER_ID
MASTER_SSL
MASTER_SSL_CA
MASTER_SSL_CAPATH
MASTER_SSL_CERT
MASTER_SSL_CIPHER
MASTER_SSL_CRL
; added in 5.6.3 (nonreserved)
MASTER_SSL_CRLPATH
; added in 5.6.3 (nonreserved)
MASTER_SSL_KEY
MASTER_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT
(R)
MASTER_USER
MATCH
(R)
MAXVALUE
(R)
MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR
MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR
MAX_ROWS
MAX_SIZE
MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR
MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS
MEDIUM
MEDIUMBLOB
(R)
MEDIUMINT
(R)
MEDIUMTEXT
(R)
MEMORY
MERGE
MESSAGE_TEXT
MICROSECOND
MIDDLEINT
(R)
MIGRATE
MINUTE
MINUTE_MICROSECOND
(R)
MINUTE_SECOND
(R)
MIN_ROWS
MOD
(R)
MODE
MODIFIES
(R)
MODIFY
MONTH
MULTILINESTRING
MULTIPOINT
MULTIPOLYGON
MUTEX
MYSQL_ERRNO
NAME
NAMES
NATIONAL
NATURAL
(R)
NCHAR
NDB
NDBCLUSTER
NEW
NEXT
NO
NODEGROUP
NONE
NOT
(R)
NO_WAIT
NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG
(R)
NULL
(R)
NUMBER
; added in 5.6.4 (nonreserved)
NUMERIC
(R)
NVARCHAR
OFFSET
OLD_PASSWORD
ON
(R)
ONE
ONE_SHOT
; became reserved in 5.6.1; removed in 5.6.5
ONLY
; added in 5.6.5 (nonreserved)
OPEN
OPTIMIZE
(R)
OPTION
(R)
OPTIONALLY
(R)
OPTIONS
OR
(R)
ORDER
(R)
OUT
(R)
OUTER
(R)
OUTFILE
(R)
OWNER
PACK_KEYS
PAGE
PARSER
PARTIAL
PARTITION
(R); became reserved in 5.6.2
PARTITIONING
PARTITIONS
PASSWORD
PHASE
PLUGIN
PLUGINS
PLUGIN_DIR
; added in 5.6.4 (nonreserved)
POINT
POLYGON
PORT
PRECISION
(R)
PREPARE
PRESERVE
PREV
PRIMARY
(R)
PRIVILEGES
PROCEDURE
(R)
PROCESSLIST
PROFILE
PROFILES
PROXY
; added in 5.6.1 (nonreserved)
PURGE
(R)
QUARTER
QUERY
QUICK
RANGE
(R)
READ
(R)
READS
(R)
READ_ONLY
READ_WRITE
(R)
REAL
(R)
REBUILD
RECOVER
REDOFILE
REDO_BUFFER_SIZE
REDUNDANT
REFERENCES
(R)
REGEXP
(R)
RELAY
RELAYLOG
RELAY_LOG_FILE
RELAY_LOG_POS
RELAY_THREAD
RELEASE
(R)
RELOAD
REMOVE
RENAME
(R)
REORGANIZE
REPAIR
REPEAT
(R)
REPEATABLE
REPLACE
(R)
REPLICATION
REQUIRE
(R)
RESET
RESIGNAL
(R)
RESTORE
RESTRICT
(R)
RESUME
RETURN
(R)
RETURNED_SQLSTATE
; added in 5.6.4 (nonreserved)
RETURNS
REVERSE
REVOKE
(R)
RIGHT
(R)
RLIKE
(R)
ROLLBACK
ROLLUP
ROUTINE
ROW
ROWS
ROW_COUNT
; added in 5.6.4 (nonreserved)
ROW_FORMAT
RTREE
SAVEPOINT
SCHEDULE
SCHEMA
(R)
SCHEMAS
(R)
SCHEMA_NAME
SECOND
SECOND_MICROSECOND
(R)
SECURITY
SELECT
(R)
SENSITIVE
(R)
SEPARATOR
(R)
SERIAL
SERIALIZABLE
SERVER
SESSION
SET
(R)
SHARE
SHOW
(R)
SHUTDOWN
SIGNAL
(R)
SIGNED
SIMPLE
SLAVE
SLOW
; became nonreserved in 5.6.1
SMALLINT
(R)
SNAPSHOT
SOCKET
SOME
SONAME
SOUNDS
SOURCE
SPATIAL
(R)
SPECIFIC
(R)
SQL
(R)
SQLEXCEPTION
(R)
SQLSTATE
(R)
SQLWARNING
(R)
SQL_AFTER_GTIDS
; added in 5.6.5 (reserved); became nonreserved in 5.6.6
SQL_AFTER_MTS_GAPS
; added in 5.6.6 (nonreserved)
SQL_BEFORE_GTIDS
; added in 5.6.5 (reserved); became nonreserved in 5.6.6
SQL_BIG_RESULT
(R)
SQL_BUFFER_RESULT
SQL_CACHE
SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS
(R)
SQL_NO_CACHE
SQL_SMALL_RESULT
(R)
SQL_THREAD
SQL_TSI_DAY
SQL_TSI_HOUR
SQL_TSI_MINUTE
SQL_TSI_MONTH
SQL_TSI_QUARTER
SQL_TSI_SECOND
SQL_TSI_WEEK
SQL_TSI_YEAR
SSL
(R)
START
STARTING
(R)
STARTS
STATS_AUTO_RECALC
; added in 5.6.6 (nonreserved)
STATS_PERSISTENT
; added in 5.6.6 (nonreserved)
STATS_SAMPLE_PAGES
; added in 5.6.6 (nonreserved)
STATUS
STOP
STORAGE
STRAIGHT_JOIN
(R)
STRING
SUBCLASS_ORIGIN
SUBJECT
SUBPARTITION
SUBPARTITIONS
SUPER
SUSPEND
SWAPS
SWITCHES
TABLE
(R)
TABLES
TABLESPACE
TABLE_CHECKSUM
TABLE_NAME
TEMPORARY
TEMPTABLE
TERMINATED
(R)
TEXT
THAN
THEN
(R)
TIME
TIMESTAMP
TIMESTAMPADD
TIMESTAMPDIFF
TINYBLOB
(R)
TINYINT
(R)
TINYTEXT
(R)
TO
(R)
TRAILING
(R)
TRANSACTION
TRIGGER
(R)
TRIGGERS
TRUE
(R)
TRUNCATE
TYPE
TYPES
UNCOMMITTED
UNDEFINED
UNDO
(R)
UNDOFILE
UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE
UNICODE
UNINSTALL
UNION
(R)
UNIQUE
(R)
UNKNOWN
UNLOCK
(R)
UNSIGNED
(R)
UNTIL
UPDATE
(R)
UPGRADE
USAGE
(R)
USE
(R)
USER
USER_RESOURCES
USE_FRM
USING
(R)
UTC_DATE
(R)
UTC_TIME
(R)
UTC_TIMESTAMP
(R)
VALUE
VALUES
(R)
VARBINARY
(R)
VARCHAR
(R)
VARCHARACTER
(R)
VARIABLES
VARYING
(R)
VIEW
WAIT
WARNINGS
WEEK
WEIGHT_STRING
WHEN
(R)
WHERE
(R)
WHILE
(R)
WITH
(R)
WORK
WRAPPER
WRITE
(R)
X509
XA
XML
XOR
(R)
YEAR
YEAR_MONTH
(R)
ZEROFILL
(R)
The following list shows the keywords and reserved words that are added in MySQL 5.6, compared to MySQL 5.5. Reserved keywords are marked with (R).
A | C | D | E | F | G | I | M | N | O | P | R | S | W
ANALYSE
COLUMN_FORMAT
CURRENT
DEFAULT_AUTH
DIAGNOSTICS
EXCHANGE
EXPIRE
EXPORT
FORMAT
GET
(R)
IO_AFTER_GTIDS
(R)
IO_BEFORE_GTIDS
(R)
MASTER_AUTO_POSITION
MASTER_BIND
(R)
MASTER_DELAY
MASTER_RETRY_COUNT
MASTER_SSL_CRL
MASTER_SSL_CRLPATH
NUMBER
ONLY
PLUGIN_DIR
RETURNED_SQLSTATE
REVERSE
ROW_COUNT
SQL_AFTER_GTIDS
SQL_AFTER_MTS_GAPS
SQL_BEFORE_GTIDS
STATS_AUTO_RECALC
STATS_PERSISTENT
STATS_SAMPLE_PAGES
WEIGHT_STRING