Displaying System Performance Information

This section describes the tasks for monitoring displaying system performance information.

Displaying System Performance Information (Task Map)

Task	Description	For Instructions
Display virtual memory Statistics.	Collect virtual memory statistics by using the `vmstat` command.	How to Display Virtual Memory Statistics (`vmstat`)
Display system event information.	Display system event information by using the `vmstat` command with the `-s` option.	How to Display System Event Information (`vmstat -s`)
Display swapping statistics.	Use the `vmstat` command with the `-S` option to display swapping statistics.	How to Display Swapping Statistics (`vmstat -S`)
Display interrupts per device.	Use the `vmstat` command with the `-i` option to show the number of interrupts per device.	How to Display Interrupts Per Device (`vmstat -i`)
Display disk utilization.	Use the `iostat` command to report disk input and output statistics.	How to Display Disk Utilization Information (`iostat`)
Display extended disk statistics.	Use the `iostat` command with the `-xtc`option to display extended disk statistics.	How to Display Extended Disk Statistics (`iostat -xtc`)
Display disk space information.	The `df` `-k` command displays disk space information in Kbytes.	How to Display Disk Space Information (`df -k`)

Displaying Virtual Memory Statistics (`vmstat`)

You can use the vmstat command to report virtual memory statistics and information about system events such as CPU load, paging, number of context switches, device interrupts, and system calls. The vmstat command can also display statistics on swapping, cache flushing, and interrupts.

Table 3-4 Output From the vmstat Command

Category	Field Name	Description
`procs`		Reports on the following:
	`r`	The number of kernel threads in the dispatch queue
	`b`	The number of blocked kernel threads that are waiting for resources
	`w`	The number of swapped out LWPs that are waiting for processing resources to finish
`memory`		Reports on usage of real memory and virtual memory:
	`swap`	Available swap space
	`free`	Size of the free list
`page`		Reports on page faults and paging activity, in units per second:
	`re`	Pages reclaimed
	`mf`	Minor faults and major faults
	`pi`	Kbytes paged in
	`po`	Kbytes paged out
	`fr`	Kbytes freed
	`de`	Anticipated memory that is needed by recently swapped-in processes
	`sr`	Pages scanned by the `page` daemon not currently in use. If `sr` does not equal zero, the `page` daemon has been running.
`disk`		Reports the number of disk operations per second, showing data on up to four disks
`faults`		Reports the trap/interrupt rates per second:
	`in`	Interrupts per second
	`sy`	System calls per second
	`cs`	CPU context switch rate
`cpu`		Reports on the use of CPU time:
	`us`	User time
	`sy`	System time
	`id`	Idle time

For a more detailed description of this command, see the vmstat(1M) man page.

How to Display Virtual Memory Statistics (`vmstat`)

Collect virtual memory statistics by using the vmstat command with a time interval in seconds.
```
$ vmstat n
```
where n is the interval in seconds between reports.

Example 3-1 Displaying Virtual Memory Statistics

The following example shows the vmstat display of statistics that were gathered at five-second intervals:

$ vmstat 5
kthr      memory            page            disk          faults      cpu
 r b w   swap  free  re  mf pi po fr de sr dd f0 s1 --   in   sy   cs us sy id
 0 0 0 863160 365680  0   3  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  406  378  209  1  0 99
 0 0 0 765640 208568  0  36  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  479 4445 1378  3  3 94
 0 0 0 765640 208568  0   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  423  214  235  0  0 100
 0 0 0 765712 208640  0   0  0  0  0  0  0  3  0  0  0  412  158  181  0  0 100
 0 0 0 765832 208760  0   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  402  157  179  0  0 100
 0 0 0 765832 208760  0   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  403  153  182  0  0 100
 0 0 0 765832 208760  0   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  402  168  177  0  0 100
 0 0 0 765832 208760  0   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  402  153  178  0  0 100
 0 0 0 765832 208760  0  18  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  407  165  186  0  0 100

How to Display System Event Information (`vmstat -s`)

Run the vmstat -s command to show how many system events have taken place since the last time the system was booted.

$ vmstat -s
        0 swap ins
        0 swap outs
        0 pages swapped in
        0 pages swapped out
   522586 total address trans. faults taken
    17006 page ins
       25 page outs
    23361 pages paged in
       28 pages paged out
    45594 total reclaims
    45592 reclaims from free list
        0 micro (hat) faults
   522586 minor (as) faults
    16189 major faults
    98241 copy-on-write faults
   137280 zero fill page faults
    45052 pages examined by the clock daemon
        0 revolutions of the clock hand
       26 pages freed by the clock daemon
     2857 forks
       78 vforks
     1647 execs
 34673885 cpu context switches
 65943468 device interrupts
   711250 traps
 63957605 system calls
  3523925 total name lookups (cache hits 99%)
    92590 user   cpu
    65952 system cpu
 16085832 idle   cpu
     7450 wait   cpu

How to Display Swapping Statistics (`vmstat -S`)

Run vmstat -S to show swapping statistics.
```
$ vmstat -S
kthr      memory            page            disk          faults      cpu
 r b w   swap  free  si  so pi po fr de sr dd f0 s1 --   in   sy   cs us sy id
 0 0 0 862608 364792  0   0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  406  394  213  1  0 99
```
The swapping statistics fields are described in the following list. For a description of the other fields, see Table 3-4.
si

Average number of LWPs that are swapped in per second

so

Number of whole processes that are swapped out

Note - The vmstat command truncates the output of si and so fields. Use the sar command to display a more accurate accounting of swap statistics.

How to Display Interrupts Per Device (`vmstat -i`)

Run the vmstat -i command to show the number of interrupts per device.

Example 3-2 Displaying Interrupts Per Device

The following example shows output from the vmstat -i command.

$ vmstat -i
interrupt         total     rate
--------------------------------
clock          52163269      100
esp0            2600077        4
zsc0              25341        0
zsc1              48917        0
cgsixc0             459        0
lec0             400882        0
fdc0                 14        0
bppc0                 0        0
audiocs0              0        0
--------------------------------
Total          55238959      105

Displaying Disk Utilization Information (`iostat`)

Use the iostat command to report statistics about disk input and output, and to produce measures of throughput, utilization, queue lengths, transaction rates, and service time. For a detailed description of this command, refer to the iostat(1M) man page.

How to Display Disk Utilization Information (`iostat`)

You can display disk utilization information by using the iostat command with a time interval in seconds.
```
$ iostat 5
     tty          fd0           sd3          nfs1         nfs31          cpu
tin tout kps tps serv  kps tps serv  kps tps serv  kps tps serv  us sy wt id
  0    1   0   0  410    3   0   29    0   0    9    3   0   47   4  2  0 94
```
The first line of output shows the statistics since the last time the system was booted. Each subsequent line shows the interval statistics. The default is to show statistics for the terminal (tty), disks (fd and sd), and CPU (cpu).

Example 3-3 Displaying Disk Utilization Information

The following example shows disk statistics that were gathered every five seconds.

$ iostat 5
tty        sd0           sd6           nfs1         nfs49           cpu
tin tout kps tps serv  kps tps serv  kps tps serv  kps tps serv  us sy wt id
 0    0   1   0   49    0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0   15   0  0  0 100
 0   47   0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0   0  0  0 100
 0   16   0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0   0  0  0 100
 0   16   0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0   0  0  0 100
 0   16  44   6  132    0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0   0  0  1 99
 0   16   0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0   0  0  0 100
 0   16   0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0   0  0  0 100
 0   16   0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0   0  0  0 100
 0   16   0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0   0  0  0 100
 0   16   0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0   0  0  0 100
 0   16   3   1   23    0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0   0  0  1 99
 0   16   0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0   0  0  0 100
 0   16   0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0   0  0  0 100
 0   16   0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0    0   0    0   0  0  0 100

The following table describes the fields in the output of the iostat n command.

Device Type	Field Name	Description
Terminal	Device Type
	`tin`	Number of characters in the terminal input queue
	`tout`	Number of characters in the terminal output queue
Disk	Device Type
	`bps`	Blocks per second
	`tps`	Transactions per second
	`serv`	Average service time, in milliseconds
CPU	Device Type
	`us`	In user mode
	`sy`	In system mode
	`wt`	Waiting for I/O
	`id`	Idle

How to Display Extended Disk Statistics (`iostat -xtc`)

Run the iostat -xtc command to display extended disk statistics.

$ iostat -xtc
                  extended device statistics                      tty         cpu
device       r/s    w/s   kr/s   kw/s wait actv  svc_t  %w  %b  tin tout  us sy wt id
fd0          0.0    0.0    0.0    0.0  0.0  0.0    0.0   0   0    0    0   0  0  0 100
sd0          0.0    0.0    0.4    0.4  0.0  0.0   49.5   0   0 
sd6          0.0    0.0    0.0    0.0  0.0  0.0    0.0   0   0 
nfs1         0.0    0.0    0.0    0.0  0.0  0.0    0.0   0   0 
nfs49        0.0    0.0    0.0    0.0  0.0  0.0   15.1   0   0 
nfs53        0.0    0.0    0.4    0.0  0.0  0.0   24.5   0   0 
nfs54        0.0    0.0    0.0    0.0  0.0  0.0    6.3   0   0 
nfs55        0.0    0.0    0.0    0.0  0.0  0.0    4.9   0   0

The iostat -xtc command displays a line of output for each disk. The output fields are described in the following list.

r/s: Reads per second
w/s: Writes per second
kr/s: Kbytes read per second
kw/s: Kbytes written per second
wait: Average number of transactions that are waiting for service (queue length)
actv: Average number of transactions that are actively being serviced
svc_t: Average service time, in milliseconds
%w: Percentage of time that the queue is not empty
%b: Percentage of time that the disk is busy

Displaying Disk Space Statistics (`df`)

Use the df command to show the amount of free disk space on each mounted disk. The usable disk space that is reported by df reflects only 90 percent of full capacity, as the reporting statistics allows for 10 percent above the total available space. This head room normally stays empty for better performance.

The percentage of disk space actually reported by the df command is used space divided by usable space.

If the file system exceeds 90 percent capacity, you could transfer files to a disk that is not as full by using the cp command. Alternately, you could transfer files to a tape by using the tar or cpio commands. Or, you could remove the files.

For a detailed description of this command, see the df(1M) man page.

How to Display Disk Space Information (`df -k`)

Use the df -k command to display disk space information in Kbytes.

$ df -k
Filesystem            kbytes    used   avail capacity  Mounted on
/dev/dsk/c0t3d0s0     192807   40231  133296    24%    /

Example 3-4 Displaying File System Information

The following example shows the output from the df -k command.

$ df -k
Filesystem           1024-blocks        Used   Available Capacity  Mounted on
rpool/ROOT/solaris-161   191987712     6004395   140577816     5%    /
/devices                       0           0           0     0%    /devices
/dev                           0           0           0     0%    /dev
ctfs                           0           0           0     0%    /system/contract
proc                           0           0           0     0%    /proc
mnttab                         0           0           0     0%    /etc/mnttab
swap                     4184236         496     4183740     1%    /system/volatile
objfs                          0           0           0     0%    /system/object
sharefs                        0           0           0     0%    /etc/dfs/sharetab
/usr/lib/libc/libc_hwcap1.so.1   146582211     6004395   140577816     5%    /lib/libc.so.1
fd                             0           0           0     0%    /dev/fd
swap                     4183784          60     4183724     1%    /tmp
rpool/export           191987712          35   140577816     1%    /export
rpool/export/home      191987712          32   140577816     1%    /export/home
rpool/export/home/123   191987712    13108813   140577816     9%    /export/home/123
rpool/export/repo      191987712    11187204   140577816     8%    /export/repo
rpool/export/repo2010_11   191987712          31   140577816     1%    /export/repo2010_11
rpool                  191987712     5238974   140577816     4%    /rpool
/export/home/123      153686630    13108813   140577816     9%    /home/123

The following table describes the output of the df -k command.

Field Name	Description
`kbytes`	Total size of usable space in the file system
`used`	Amount of space used
`avail`	Amount of space available for use
`capacity`	Amount of space used, as a percentage of the total capacity
`mounted on`	Mount point

Example 3-5 Displaying File System Information by Using the df Command Without Any Options

When the df command is used without operands or options, it reports on all mounted file systems, as shown in the following example:

$ df
/                  (rpool/ROOT/solaris):100715496 blocks 100715496 files
/devices           (/devices          ):       0 blocks        0 files
/dev               (/dev              ):       0 blocks        0 files
/system/contract   (ctfs              ):       0 blocks 2147483601 files
/proc              (proc              ):       0 blocks    29946 files
/etc/mnttab        (mnttab            ):       0 blocks        0 files
/system/volatile   (swap              ):42257568 blocks  2276112 files
/system/object     (objfs             ):       0 blocks 2147483441 files
/etc/dfs/sharetab  (sharefs           ):       0 blocks 2147483646 files
/dev/fd            (fd                ):       0 blocks        0 files
/tmp               (swap              ):42257568 blocks  2276112 files
/export            (rpool/export      ):100715496 blocks 100715496 files
/export/home       (rpool/export/home ):100715496 blocks 100715496 files
/export/home/admin (rpool/export/home/admin):100715496 blocks 100715496 files
/rpool             (rpool             ):100715496 blocks 100715496 files
/export/repo2010_11(rpool/export/repo2010_11):281155639 blocks 281155639 files
/rpool             (rpool             ):281155639 blocks 281155639 files

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	Managing System Information, Processes, and Performance in Oracle Solaris 11.1 Oracle Solaris 11.1 Information Library

Displaying System Performance Information

Displaying System Performance Information (Task Map)

Displaying Virtual Memory Statistics (vmstat)

How to Display Virtual Memory Statistics (vmstat)

How to Display System Event Information (vmstat -s)

How to Display Swapping Statistics (vmstat -S)

How to Display Interrupts Per Device (vmstat -i)

Displaying Disk Utilization Information (iostat)

How to Display Disk Utilization Information (iostat)

How to Display Extended Disk Statistics (iostat -xtc)

Displaying Disk Space Statistics (df)

How to Display Disk Space Information (df -k)