An executable or shared object file's program header table is an array of structures. Each structure describes a segment or other information that the system needs to prepare the program for execution. An object file segment contains one or more sections, as described in Segment Contents.
Program headers are meaningful only for executable and shared object files. A file specifies its own program header size with the ELF header's e_phentsize and e_phnum members.
A program header has the following structure. See sys/elf.h.
typedef struct {
Elf32_Word p_type;
Elf32_Off p_offset;
Elf32_Addr p_vaddr;
Elf32_Addr p_paddr;
Elf32_Word p_filesz;
Elf32_Word p_memsz;
Elf32_Word p_flags;
Elf32_Word p_align;
} Elf32_Phdr;
typedef struct {
Elf64_Word p_type;
Elf64_Word p_flags;
Elf64_Off p_offset;
Elf64_Addr p_vaddr;
Elf64_Addr p_paddr;
Elf64_Xword p_filesz;
Elf64_Xword p_memsz;
Elf64_Xword p_align;
} Elf64_Phdr;
The kind of segment this array element describes or how to interpret the array element's information. Type values and their meanings are specified in Table 13–1.
The offset from the beginning of the file at which the first byte of the segment resides.
The virtual address at which the first byte of the segment resides in memory.
The segment's physical address for systems in which physical addressing is relevant. Because the system ignores physical addressing for application programs, this member has unspecified contents for executable files and shared objects.
The number of bytes in the file image of the segment, which can be zero.
The number of bytes in the memory image of the segment, which can be zero.
Flags that are relevant to the segment. Type values and their meanings are specified in Table 13–2.
Loadable process segments must have congruent values for p_vaddr and p_offset, modulo the page size. This member gives the value to which the segments are aligned in memory and in the file. Values 0 and 1 mean no alignment is required. Otherwise, p_align should be a positive, integral power of 2, and p_vaddr should equal p_offset, modulo p_align. See Program Loading (Processor-Specific).
Some entries describe process segments. Other entries give supplementary information and do not contribute to the process image. Segment entries can appear in any order, except as explicitly noted. Defined type values are listed in the following table.
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Unused. Member values are undefined. This type enables the program header table to contain ignored entries.
Specifies a loadable segment, described by p_filesz and p_memsz. The bytes from the file are mapped to the beginning of the memory segment. If the segment's memory size (p_memsz) is larger than the file size (p_filesz), the extra bytes are defined to hold the value 0. These bytes follow the initialized area of the segment. The file size can not be larger than the memory size. Loadable segment entries in the program header table appear in ascending order, and are sorted on the p_vaddr member.
Specifies dynamic linking information. See Dynamic Section.
Specifies the location and size of a null-terminated path name to invoke as an interpreter. This type is mandatory for dynamic executable files. This type can occur in shared objects. This type cannot occur more than once in a file. This type, if present, must precede any loadable segment entries. See Program Interpreter for details.
Specifies the location and size of auxiliary information. See Note Section for details.
Reserved but has unspecified semantics.
Specifies the location and size of the program header table, both in the file and in the memory image of the program. This segment type cannot occur more than once in a file. Moreover, this segment can occur only if the program header table is part of the memory image of the program. This type, if present, must precede any loadable segment entry. See Program Interpreter for details.
Specifies a thread-local storage template. See Thread-Local Storage Section for details.
Values in this inclusive range are reserved for OS-specific semantics.
This segment contains the stack unwind tables.
This segment contains the stack unwind table. PT_SUNW_EH_FRAME is equivalent to PT_SUNW_EH_UNWIND.
Values in this inclusive range are reserved for Sun-specific semantics.
The same attributes as a PT_LOAD element and used to describe a .SUNW_bss section.
Describes a process stack. Only one PT_SUNWSTACK element can exist. Only access permissions, as defined in the p_flags field, are meaningful.
Reserved for internal use by dtrace(1M).
Specifies capability requirements. See Capabilities Section for details.
Values in this inclusive range are reserved for processor-specific semantics.