将系统引导至单用户状态以执行系统维护,如备份文件系统或对其他系统问题进行故障排除。
# init 0
ok boot -s
SINGLE USER MODE Root password for system maintenance (control-d to bypass): xxxxxx
# reboot -p
由于快速重新引导功能在缺省情况下处于启用状态,因此必须在重新引导系统时指定 –p 选项,从而在引导时显示 GRUB 菜单。要禁用快速重新引导功能以便无需指定 –p 选项,请参见更改缺省快速重新引导行为。
有关在引导时编辑 GRUB 菜单的更多信息,请参见通过在引导时编辑 GRUB 菜单添加内核参数。
# who -r
以下示例显示了在引导过程开始后将基于 SPARC 的系统引导至运行级别 S 时出现的消息。
# init 0 # svc.startd: The system is coming down. Please wait. svc.startd: 122 system services are now being stopped. Mar 5 10:30:33 system1 syslogd: going down on signal 15 svc.startd: Killing user processes. umount: /ws busy umount: /home busy Mar 5 17:30:50 The system is down. Shutdown took 70 seconds. syncing file systems... done Program terminated {1c} ok boot -s SC Alert: Host System has Reset NOV 17 21:46:59 ERROR: System memory downgraded to 2-channel mode from 4-channel mode NOV 17 21:47:00 ERROR: Available system memory is less than physically installed memory NOV 17 21:47:00 ERROR: System DRAM Available: 008192 MB Physical: 016384 MB Sun Fire T200, No Keyboard . . . Ethernet address 0:14:4f:1d:e8:da, Host ID: 841de8da. ERROR: The following devices are disabled: MB/CMP0/CH2/R0/D0 Boot device: /pci@7c0/pci@0/pci@1/pci@0,2/LSILogic,sas@2/disk@0,0:a File and args: -s SunOS Release 5.11 Version 11.2 64-bit Copyright (c) 1983, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. NOTICE: Hypervisor does not support CPU power management Booting to milestone "milestone/single-user:default". Hostname: system1 Requesting System Maintenance Mode SINGLE USER MODE Enter root password (control-d to bypass): xxxxxx single-user privilege assigned to root on /dev/console. Entering System Maintenance Mode Mar 5 10:36:14 su: 'su root' succeeded for root on /dev/console Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.2 July 2014 root@system1:~# who -r run-level S Mar 5 10:35 S 0 0 root@tsystem1:~#示例 4-15 x86: 将系统引导至单用户状态(运行级别 S)
以下示例显示了在引导过程开始后将基于 x86 的系统引导至运行级别 S 时出现的消息。
root@system-04:~# init 0 root@system-04:~# svc.startd: The system is coming down. Please wait. svc.startd: 129 system services are now being stopped. Apr 23 13:51:28 system-04 syslogd: going down on signal 15 svc.startd: Killing user processes. umount: /home busy Apr 23 13:51:36 The system is down. Shutdown took 26 seconds. syncing file systems... done Press any key to reboot. . . .LSI Corporation MPT SAS BIOS MPTBIOS-6.26.00.00 (2008.10.14) Copyright 2000-2008 LSI Corporation. Initializing..|Press F2 to runS POPUP (CTRL+P on Remote Keyboard) Press F12 to boot from the network (CTRL+N on Remote Keyboard) System Memory : 8.0 GB , Inc. Auto-Detecting Pri Master..ATAPI CDROM 0078 Ultra DMA Mode-2 . . . GNU GRUB version 1.99,5.11.0.175.1.0.0.14.0 **************************************************************************** *Oracle Solaris 11.2 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * **************************************************************************** Use the * and * keys to select which entry is highlighted. Press enter to boot the selected OS, 'e' to edit the commands before booting or 'c' for a command-line. GNU GRUB version 1.99,5.11.0.175.1.0.0.14.0 **************************************************************************** * setparams 'Oracle Solaris 11.2' * * * * insmod part_msdos * * insmod part_sunpc * * insmod part_gpt * * insmod zfs * * search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root cd03199c4187a7d7 * * zfs-bootfs /ROOT/s11u2/@/ zfs_bootfs * * set kern=/platform/i86pc/kernel/amd64/unix * * echo -n "Loading ${root}/ROOT/s11u2 /@$kern: " * * $multiboot /ROOT/s11u2/@/$kern $kern -B $zfs_bootfs -s * set gfxpayload="1024x768x32;1024x768x16;800x600x16;640x480x16;640x480x1\ * * 5;640x480x32" ** **************************************************************************** Minimum Emacs-like screen editing is supported. TAB lists completions. Press Ctrl-x or F10 to boot, Ctrl-c or F2 for a command-line or ESC to discard edits and return to the GRUB menu. Booting a command list Loading hd0,msdos1,sunpc1/ROOT/s11u2/@/platform/i86pc/kernel/amd64/unix: 0 %...done. Loading hd0,msdos1,sunpc1/ROOT/s11u2/@/platform/i86pc/amd64/boot_archive: 0%... . . . SunOS Release 5.11 Version 11.2 64-bit Copyright (c) 1983, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. NOTICE: kmem_io_2G arena created Booting to milestone "milestone/single-user:default". Hostname: system-04 Requesting System Maintenance Mode SINGLE USER MODE Enter user name for system maintenance (control-d to bypass): root Enter root password (control-d to bypass): xxxxxxx single-user privilege assigned to root on /dev/console. Entering System Maintenance Mode May 8 11:13:44 su: 'su root' succeeded for root on /dev/console Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.2 July 2014 You have new mail. root@system-04:~# who -r . run-level S Apr 23 14:49 S 0 0