引导和关闭 Oracle® Solaris 11.2 系统

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更新时间: 2014 年 7 月
 
 

如何将系统引导至单用户状态(运行级别 S)

将系统引导至单用户状态以执行系统维护,如备份文件系统或对其他系统问题进行故障排除。

  1. 承担 root 角色。

    请参见在 Oracle Solaris 11.2 中确保用户和进程的安全 中的使用所指定的管理权限

  2. 根据平台,执行以下操作之一:
    • 对于 SPARC 平台:
      1. 使系统进入 ok PROM 提示符下。
        # init 0
      2. 将系统引导至单用户状态。
        ok boot -s
      3. 显示以下消息时键入 root 口令:
        SINGLE USER MODE
        
        Root password for system maintenance (control-d to bypass): xxxxxx
    • 对于 x86 平台:
      1. 对系统执行标准重新引导。
        # reboot -p

        由于快速重新引导功能在缺省情况下处于启用状态,因此必须在重新引导系统时指定 –p 选项,从而在引导时显示 GRUB 菜单。要禁用快速重新引导功能以便无需指定 –p 选项,请参见更改缺省快速重新引导行为

        • 如果系统显示 "Press Any Key to Reboot" 提示符,请按任意键以重新引导系统。或者,在出现此提示时,您还可以使用 "Reset"(重置)按钮。
        • 如果系统已关闭,请使用电源开关打开系统。
      2. 在 GRUB 菜单显示后,选择要修改的引导项,然后键入 e 以编辑该项。
      3. 使用方向箭导航到 $multiboot 行,然后在行的末尾键入 –s
      4. 要退出 GRUB 编辑菜单并引导刚刚编辑的项,请按 Ctrl-X 组合键。如果未在带有 UEFI 固件的系统上使用串行控制台,按 F10 键也会引导该项。

        有关在引导时编辑 GRUB 菜单的更多信息,请参见通过在引导时编辑 GRUB 菜单添加内核参数

  3. 确认系统处于运行级别 S。
    # who -r
  4. 执行更改为运行级别 S 所需的维护任务。
  5. 重新引导系统。
示例 4-14  SPARC: 将系统引导至单用户状态(运行级别 S)

以下示例显示了在引导过程开始后将基于 SPARC 的系统引导至运行级别 S 时出现的消息。

# init 0
# svc.startd: The system is coming down.  Please wait.
svc.startd: 122 system services are now being stopped.
Mar  5 10:30:33 system1 syslogd: going down on signal 15
svc.startd: Killing user processes.
umount: /ws busy
umount: /home busy
Mar  5 17:30:50 The system is down.  Shutdown took 70 seconds.
syncing file systems... done
Program terminated
{1c} ok boot -s

SC Alert: Host System has Reset
NOV 17 21:46:59 ERROR: System memory downgraded to 2-channel mode from 4-channel mode
NOV 17 21:47:00 ERROR: Available system memory is less than physically installed memory
NOV 17 21:47:00 ERROR: System DRAM  Available: 008192 MB  Physical: 016384 MB
Sun Fire T200, No Keyboard
.
.
.
Ethernet address 0:14:4f:1d:e8:da, Host ID: 841de8da.



ERROR: The following devices are disabled:
    MB/CMP0/CH2/R0/D0

Boot device: /pci@7c0/pci@0/pci@1/pci@0,2/LSILogic,sas@2/disk@0,0:a 
File and args: -s

SunOS Release 5.11 Version 11.2 64-bit
Copyright (c) 1983, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
NOTICE: Hypervisor does not support CPU power management
Booting to milestone "milestone/single-user:default".
Hostname: system1
Requesting System Maintenance Mode
SINGLE USER MODE
Enter root password (control-d to bypass): xxxxxx
single-user privilege assigned to root on /dev/console.
Entering System Maintenance Mode

Mar  5 10:36:14 su: 'su root' succeeded for root on /dev/console
Oracle Corporation      SunOS 5.11      11.2    July 2014
root@system1:~# who -r
run-level S  Mar  5 10:35     S      0  0
root@tsystem1:~#
示例 4-15  x86: 将系统引导至单用户状态(运行级别 S)

以下示例显示了在引导过程开始后将基于 x86 的系统引导至运行级别 S 时出现的消息。

root@system-04:~# init 0
root@system-04:~# svc.startd: The system is coming down.  Please wait.
svc.startd: 129 system services are now being stopped.
Apr 23 13:51:28 system-04 syslogd: going down on signal 15
svc.startd: Killing user processes.
umount: /home busy
Apr 23 13:51:36 The system is down.  Shutdown took 26 seconds.
syncing file systems... done
Press any key to reboot.
.
.
.LSI Corporation MPT SAS BIOS
MPTBIOS-6.26.00.00 (2008.10.14)
Copyright 2000-2008 LSI Corporation.

Initializing..|Press F2 to runS POPUP  (CTRL+P on Remote Keyboard)
Press F12 to boot from the network (CTRL+N on Remote Keyboard)
System Memory : 8.0 GB , Inc.
Auto-Detecting Pri Master..ATAPI CDROM                              0078
            Ultra DMA Mode-2 
.
.
.
GNU GRUB  version 1.99,5.11.0.175.1.0.0.14.0

 ****************************************************************************
 *Oracle Solaris 11.2                                                       *
 *                                                                          *
 *                                                                          *
 *                                                                          *
 *                                                                          *
 *                                                                          *
 *                                                                          *
 *                                                                          *
 *                                                                          *
 *                                                                          *
 *                                                                          *
 ****************************************************************************

      Use the * and * keys to select which entry is highlighted.
      Press enter to boot the selected OS, 'e' to edit the commands
      before booting or 'c' for a command-line.

 GNU GRUB  version 1.99,5.11.0.175.1.0.0.14.0

 ****************************************************************************
 * setparams 'Oracle Solaris 11.2'                                          *
 *                                                                          *
 * insmod part_msdos                                                        *
 * insmod part_sunpc                                                        *
 * insmod part_gpt                                                          *
 * insmod zfs                                                               *
 * search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root cd03199c4187a7d7                 *
 * zfs-bootfs /ROOT/s11u2/@/ zfs_bootfs                                     *
 * set kern=/platform/i86pc/kernel/amd64/unix                               *
 * echo -n "Loading ${root}/ROOT/s11u2   /@$kern: "                         *
 * $multiboot /ROOT/s11u2/@/$kern $kern -B $zfs_bootfs -s						    
 * set gfxpayload="1024x768x32;1024x768x16;800x600x16;640x480x16;640x480x1\ *
 * 5;640x480x32"                                                            **
 ****************************************************************************

      Minimum Emacs-like screen editing is supported. TAB lists
      completions. Press Ctrl-x or F10 to boot, Ctrl-c or F2 for
      a command-line or ESC to discard edits and return to the GRUB menu.

Booting a command list

Loading hd0,msdos1,sunpc1/ROOT/s11u2/@/platform/i86pc/kernel/amd64/unix: 0
%...done.
Loading hd0,msdos1,sunpc1/ROOT/s11u2/@/platform/i86pc/amd64/boot_archive:
0%...
.
.
.
SunOS Release 5.11 Version 11.2 64-bit
Copyright (c) 1983, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
NOTICE: kmem_io_2G arena created
Booting to milestone "milestone/single-user:default".
Hostname: system-04
Requesting System Maintenance Mode
SINGLE USER MODE


Enter user name for system maintenance (control-d to bypass): root
Enter root password (control-d to bypass): xxxxxxx
single-user privilege assigned to root on /dev/console.
Entering System Maintenance Mode

May  8 11:13:44 su: 'su root' succeeded for root on /dev/console
Oracle Corporation      SunOS 5.11      11.2    July 2014
You have new mail.

root@system-04:~# who -r
   .       run-level S  Apr 23 14:49     S      0  0