5 Using Oracle XQuery for Hadoop

Take the following basic steps when using Oracle XQuery for Hadoop:

You create a transformation for Oracle XQuery for Hadoop the same way as any other XQuery transformation, except that you must comply with these additional requirements:

• The main XQuery expression (the query body) must be in one of the following forms:

  FLWOR1
  

  or

  (FLWOR1, FLWOR2,... , FLWORN)
   
  

  In this syntax FLWOR is a top-level XQuery FLWOR expression "For, Let, Where, Order by, Return" expression.

  See Also:

  "FLWOR Expressions" in W3C XQuery 3.0: An XML Query Language at

  http://www.w3.org/TR/xquery-30/#id-flwor-expressions

• Each top-level FLWOR expression must have a for clause that iterates over an Oracle XQuery for Hadoop collection function. This for clause cannot have a positional variable.

  See Oracle XQuery for Hadoop Reference for the collection functions.

• Each top-level FLWOR expression can have optional let, where, and group by clauses. Other types of clauses are invalid, such as order by, count, and window clauses.

• Each top-level FLWOR expression must return one or more results from calling an Oracle XQuery for Hadoop put function. See Oracle XQuery for Hadoop Reference for the put functions.

• The query body must be an updating expression. Because all put functions are classified as updating functions, all Oracle XQuery for Hadoop queries are updating queries.

  In Oracle XQuery for Hadoop, a %*:put annotation indicates that the function is updating. The %updating annotation or updating keyword is not required with it.

  See Also:

  For a description of updating expressions, "Extensions to XQuery 1.0" in W3C XQuery Update Facility 1.0 at

  http://www.w3.org/TR/xquery-update-10/#dt-updating-expression

Oracle XQuery for Hadoop supports user-defined XQuery library modules and XML schemas when you comply with these criteria:

• Locate the library module or XML schema file in the same directory where the main query resides on the client calling Oracle XQuery for Hadoop.

• Import the library module or XML schema from the main query using the location URI parameter of the import module or import schema statement.

• Specify the library module or XML schema file in the -files command line option when calling Oracle XQuery for Hadoop.

For an example of using user-defined XQuery library modules and XML schemas, see Example 5-9.

For these examples, the following text files are in HDFS. The files contain a log of visits to different web pages. Each line represents a visit to a web page and contains the time, user name, page visited, and the status code.

mydata/visits1.log  
 
2013-10-28T06:00:00, john, index.html, 200
2013-10-28T08:30:02, kelly, index.html, 200
2013-10-28T08:32:50, kelly, about.html, 200
2013-10-30T10:00:10, mike, index.html, 401
 
mydata/visits2.log  
 
2013-10-30T10:00:01, john, index.html, 200
2013-10-30T10:05:20, john, about.html, 200
2013-11-01T08:00:08, laura, index.html, 200
2013-11-04T06:12:51, kelly, index.html, 200
2013-11-04T06:12:40, kelly, contact.html, 200

import module "oxh:text";

for $line in text:collection("mydata/visits*.log")
let $split := fn:tokenize($line, "\s*,\s*")
where $split[2] eq "kelly"
return text:put($line)

2013-11-04T06:12:51, kelly, index.html, 200
2013-11-04T06:12:40, kelly, contact.html, 200
2013-10-28T08:30:02, kelly, index.html, 200
2013-10-28T08:32:50, kelly, about.html, 200

import module "oxh:text";
 
for $line in text:collection("mydata/visits*.log")
let $split := fn:tokenize($line, "\s*,\s*")
let $time := xs:dateTime($split[1])
let $day := xs:date($time)
group by $day
return text:put($day || " => " || fn:count($line))
 

2013-10-28 => 3
2013-10-30 => 3
2013-11-01 => 1
2013-11-04 => 2

mydata/users.txt  
 
john:John Doe:45
kelly:Kelly Johnson:32
laura:Laura Smith:
phil:Phil Johnson:27

import module "oxh:text";
 
for $userLine in text:collection("mydata/users.txt")
let $userSplit := fn:tokenize($userLine, "\s*:\s*")
let $userId := $userSplit[1]
let $userAge := xs:integer($userSplit[3][. castable as xs:integer])
 
for $visitLine in text:collection("mydata/visits*.log")
let $visitSplit := fn:tokenize($visitLine, "\s*,\s*")
let $visitUserId := $visitSplit[2]
where $userId eq $visitUserId and $userAge gt 30
group by $page := $visitSplit[3]
return text:put($page || " " || fn:count($userLine))
 

about.html 2
contact.html 1
index.html 4

import module "oxh:text";
 
for $userLine in text:collection("mydata/users.txt")
let $userSplit := fn:tokenize($userLine, "\s*:\s*")
let $userId := $userSplit[1]
 
for $visitLine in text:collection("mydata/visits*.log")
   [$userId eq fn:tokenize(., "\s*,\s*")[2]]
 
group by $userId
return text:put($userId || " " || fn:count($visitLine))
 

john 3
kelly 4
laura 1

import module "oxh:text";
 
for $userLine in text:collection("mydata/users.txt")
let $userSplit := fn:tokenize($userLine, "\s*:\s*")
let $userId := $userSplit[1]
 
for $visitLine allowing empty in text:collection("mydata/visits*.log")
   [$userId eq fn:tokenize(., "\s*,\s*")[2]]
 
group by $userId
return text:put($userId || " " || fn:count($visitLine))

john 3
kelly 4
laura 1
phil 0

import module "oxh:text";
 
for $userLine in text:collection("mydata/users.txt")
let $userId := fn:tokenize($userLine, "\s*:\s*")[1]
 
where some $visitLine in text:collection("mydata/visits*.log")
satisfies $userId eq fn:tokenize($visitLine, "\s*,\s*")[2]
 
return text:put($userId)
 

john
kelly
laura

import module "oxh:text";
 
for $visitLine in text:collection("mydata/visits*.log")
let $visitCode := xs:integer(fn:tokenize($visitLine, "\s*,\s*")[4])
return if ($visitCode eq 401) then text:trace($visitLine) else text:put($visitLine)
 

2013-10-30T10:00:10, mike, index.html, 401

2013-10-30T10:00:01, john, index.html, 200
2013-10-30T10:05:20, john, about.html, 200
2013-11-01T08:00:08, laura, index.html, 200
2013-11-04T06:12:51, kelly, index.html, 200
2013-11-04T06:12:40, kelly, contact.html, 200
2013-10-28T06:00:00, john, index.html, 200
2013-10-28T08:30:02, kelly, index.html, 200
2013-10-28T08:32:50, kelly, about.html, 200

import module "oxh:text";
 
for $visitLine in text:collection("mydata/visits*.log")
let $visitUserId := fn:tokenize($visitLine, "\s*,\s*")[2]
 
for $userLine in fn:unparsed-text-lines("users.txt")
let $userSplit := fn:tokenize($userLine, "\s*:\s*")
let $userId := $userSplit[1]
 
where $userId eq $visitUserId
 
group by $userId
return text:put($userId || " " || fn:count($visitLine))
 

hadoop jar $OXH_HOME/lib/oxh.jar -files users.txt query.xq

john 3
kelly 4
laura 1

import module "oxh:text";
 
declare %ora-java:binding("java.lang.String#format")
   function local:string-format($pattern as xs:string, $data as xs:anyAtomicType*) as xs:string external;
 
for $line in text:collection("mydata/users*.txt")
let $split := fn:tokenize($line, "\s*:\s*")
return text:put(local:string-format("%s,%s,%s", $split))
 

john,John Doe,45
kelly,Kelly Johnson,32
laura,Laura Smith,
phil,Phil Johnson,27

module namespace mytools = "urn:mytools";
 
declare %ora-java:binding("java.lang.String#format")
   function mytools:string-format($pattern as xs:string, $data as xs:anyAtomicType*) as xs:string external;
 

import module namespace mytools = "urn:mytools" at "mytools.xq";
import module "oxh:text";
 
for $line in text:collection("mydata/users*.txt")
let $split := fn:tokenize($line, "\s*:\s*")
return text:put(mytools:string-format("%s,%s,%s", $split))
 

john,John Doe,45
kelly,Kelly Johnson,32
laura,Laura Smith,
phil,Phil Johnson,27

USER      AGE
------------------
john    45
kelly
laura   36
phil    OLD!

import module "oxh:text";

for $line in text:collection("ages.txt")
let $split := fn:tokenize($line, "\s+")
return
   try {

      let $user := $split[1]
      let $age := $split[2] cast as xs:integer
      return
        if ($age gt 40) then
          text:put($user || " is over 40")
        else 
          text:put($user || " is not over 40")

   } catch * {
      text:trace($err:code || " : " || $line)
   }

john is over 40
laura is not over 40

err:FORG0001 : USER        AGE
err:XPTY0004 : ------------------
err:XPTY0004 : kelly
err:FORG0001 : phil        OLD!

To run a query in local mode:

1. Set the Hadoop -jt and -fs generic arguments to local. This example runs the query described in "Example: Hello World!" in local mode:

   $ hadoop jar $OXH_HOME/lib/oxh.jar -jt local -fs local ./hello.xq -output ./myoutput -print
   

2. Check the result file in the local output directory of the query, as shown in this example:

   $ cat ./myoutput/part-m-00000
   Hello World!
   

Follow these steps to execute your queries in an Oozie workflow:

The Oracle XQuery for Hadoop action extends Oozie's Java action. It supports the following optional child XML elements with the same syntax and semantics as the Java action:

• archive

• configuration

• file

• job-tracker

• job-xml

• name-node

• prepare

In addition, the Oracle XQuery for Hadoop action supports the following elements:

• script: The location of the Oracle XQuery for Hadoop query file. Required.

  The query file must be in the workflow application directory. A relative path is resolved against the application directory.

  Example: <script>myquery.xq</script>

• output: The output directory of the query. Required.

  The output element has an optional clean attribute. Set this attribute to true to delete the output directory before the query is run. If the output directory already exists and the clean attribute is either not set or set to false, an error occurs. The output directory cannot exist when the job runs.

  Example: <output clean="true">/user/jdoe/myoutput</output>

Any error raised while running the query causes Oozie to perform the error transition for the action.

This example uses the following files:

• workflow.xml: Describes an Oozie action that sets two configuration values for the query in hello.xq: an HDFS file and the string World!

  The HDFS input file is /user/jdoe/data/hello.txt and contains this string:

  Hello
  

  See Example 5-11.

• hello.xq: Runs a query using Oracle XQuery for Hadoop.

  See Example 5-12.

• job.properties: Lists the job properties for Oozie. See Example 5-13.

To run the example, use this command:

oozie job -oozie http://example.com:11000/oozie -config job.properties -run

After the job runs, the /user/jdoe/myoutput output directory contains a file with the text "Hello World!"

<workflow-app xmlns="uri:oozie:workflow:0.4" name="oxh-helloworld-wf">
  <start to="hello-node"/>
  <action name="hello-node">
    <oxh xmlns="oxh:oozie-action:v1">
      <job-tracker>${jobTracker}</job-tracker>
      <name-node>${nameNode}</name-node>

      <!-- 
        The configuration can be used to parameterize the query.
      -->
      <configuration>
        <property>
          <name>myinput</name>
          <value>${nameNode}/user/jdoe/data/src.txt</value>
        </property>
        <property>
          <name>mysuffix</name>
          <value> World!</value>
        </property>
      </configuration>
 
      <script>hello.xq</script>

      <output clean="true">${nameNode}/user/jdoe/myoutput</output>

    </oxh>
    <ok to="end"/>
    <error to="fail"/>
  </action>
  <kill name="fail">
    <message>OXH failed: [${wf:errorMessage(wf:lastErrorNode())}]</message>
  </kill>
  <end name="end"/>
</workflow-app>

import module "oxh:text";

declare variable $input := oxh:property("myinput");
declare variable $suffix := oxh:property("mysuffix");

for $line in text:collection($input)
return
  text:put($line || $suffix)

oozie.wf.application.path=hdfs://example.com:8020/user/jdoe/hello-oozie-oxh
nameNode=hdfs://example.com:8020
jobTracker=hdfs://example.com:8032
oozie.use.system.libpath=true

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