Oracle Spatial User's Guide and Reference
Release 8.1.6

A77132-01

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Preface

Intended Audience
Structure
New Features for Release 8.1.6
Features Released Separately
Related Documents
Conventions

1 Spatial Concepts

1.1 What Is the Spatial Product?
1.2 Object-Relational and Relational Models
1.2.1 Benefits of the Object-Relational Model
1.2.2 Benefits of the Relational Model
1.3 Introduction to Spatial Data
1.4 Geometric Types for Relational and Object-Relational Models
1.5 Data Model
1.5.1 Element
1.5.2 Geometry
1.5.3 Layer
1.5.4 Tolerance
1.6 Query Model
1.7 Indexing Methods
1.7.1 Tessellation of a Layer During Indexing
1.7.2 Fixed Indexing
1.7.3 Hybrid Indexing
1.8 Spatial Relations and Filtering
1.9 Partitioned Point Data

Part I Object-Relational Model

2 The Object-Relational Schema

2.1 Simple Example: Inserting, Indexing, and Querying Spatial Data
2.2 SDO_GEOMETRY Object Type
2.2.1 SDO_GTYPE
2.2.2 SDO_SRID
2.2.3 SDO_POINT
2.2.4 SDO_ELEM_INFO
2.2.5 SDO_ORDINATES
2.2.6 Usage Considerations
2.3 Geometry Examples Using the Object-Relational Model
2.3.1 Rectangle
2.3.2 Polygon with a Hole
2.3.3 Compound Element
2.3.4 Compound Polygon
2.4 Geometry Metadata Structure
2.5 Spatial Index-Related Structure
2.5.1 Spatial Index Views and Tables
2.5.2 Spatial Index Table Definition

3 Loading and Indexing Spatial Object Types

3.1 Load Process
3.1.1 Bulk Loading
3.1.1.1 Bulk Loading the SDO_GEOMETRY Object
3.1.1.2 Bulk Loading Point-Only Data in the SDO_GEOMETRY Object
3.1.2 Transactional Insert Using SQL
3.1.2.1 Polygon with Hole
3.1.2.2 Compound Line String
3.1.2.3 Compound Polygon
3.1.2.4 Compound Polygon with Holes
3.1.2.5 Transactional Insert of Point-Only Data
3.2 Index Creation
3.2.1 Determining Index Creation Behavior
3.2.2 Spatial Indexing with Fixed-Size Tiles
3.2.3 Hybrid Spatial Indexing with Fixed-Size and Variable-Sized Tiles
3.2.4 Cross-Schema Index Creation

4 Querying Spatial Data

4.1 Query Model
4.2 Spatial Query
4.2.1 Primary Filter
4.2.2 Primary and Secondary Filters
4.2.3 Within-Distance Operator
4.3 Spatial Join
4.4 Cross-Schema Operator Invocation

5 Indexing Statements for Object-Relational Model

ALTER INDEX
ALTER INDEX REBUILD
ALTER INDEX RENAME TO
CREATE INDEX
DROP INDEX

6 Tuning Functions and Procedures for Object-Relational Model

SDO_TUNE.AVERAGE_MBR
SDO_TUNE.ESTIMATE_INDEX_PERFORMANCE
SDO_TUNE.ESTIMATE_TILING_LEVEL
SDO_TUNE.ESTIMATE_TILING_TIME
SDO_TUNE.ESTIMATE_TOTAL_NUMTILES
SDO_TUNE.EXTENT_OF
SDO_TUNE.HISTOGRAM_ANALYSIS
SDO_TUNE.MIX_INFO

7 Geometry Functions for Object-Relational Model

SDO_GEOM.RELATE
SDO_GEOM.SDO_AREA
SDO_GEOM.SDO_BUFFER
SDO_GEOM.SDO_CENTROID
SDO_GEOM.SDO_CONVEXHULL
SDO_GEOM.SDO_DIFFERENCE
SDO_GEOM.SDO_DISTANCE
SDO_GEOM.SDO_INTERSECTION
SDO_GEOM.SDO_LENGTH
SDO_GEOM.SDO_POINTONSURFACE
SDO_GEOM.SDO_POLY_DIFFERENCE
SDO_GEOM.SDO_POLY_INTERSECTION
SDO_GEOM.SDO_POLY_UNION
SDO_GEOM.SDO_POLY_XOR
SDO_GEOM.SDO_UNION
SDO_GEOM.SDO_XOR
SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_GEOMETRY
SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_LAYER
SDO_GEOM.WITHIN_DISTANCE

8 Migration Procedures

SDO_MIGRATE.FROM_815_TO_81X
SDO_MIGRATE.TO_734
SDO_MIGRATE.TO_81X
SDO_MIGRATE.OGIS_METADATA_FROM
SDO_MIGRATE.OGIS_METADATA_TO

9 Spatial Operators

SDO_FILTER
SDO_NN
SDO_RELATE
SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE

Part II Relational Model

10 The Relational Schema

10.1 Database Structures for the Relational Implementation

11 Loading Spatial Data

11.1 Load Model
11.2 Load Process
11.2.1 Bulk Loading
11.2.2 Transactional Insert Using SQL
11.3 Index Creation
11.3.1 Choosing a Tessellation Algorithm
11.3.2 Spatial Indexing with Fixed-Size Tiles
11.3.3 Hybrid Spatial Indexing with Fixed-Size and Variable-Sized Tiles

12 Querying Spatial Data

12.1 Query Model
12.2 Spatial Index Data Structures
12.3 Spatial Query
12.3.1 Dynamic Query Window
12.3.2 Primary Filter Query
12.3.3 Secondary Filter Query
12.4 Spatial Join

13 Administrative Functions and Procedures

SDO_ADMIN.POPULATE_INDEX
SDO_ADMIN.POPULATE_INDEX_FIXED
SDO_ADMIN.POPULATE_INDEX_FIXED_POINTS
SDO_ADMIN.SDO_CODE_SIZE
SDO_ADMIN.SDO_VERSION
SDO_ADMIN.UPDATE_INDEX
SDO_ADMIN.UPDATE_INDEX_FIXED
SDO_ADMIN.VERIFY_LAYER

14 Tuning Functions and Procedures

SDO_TUNE.AVERAGE_MBR
SDO_TUNE.ESTIMATE_INDEX_PERFORMANCE
SDO_TUNE.ESTIMATE_TILING_LEVEL
SDO_TUNE.ESTIMATE_TILING_TIME
SDO_TUNE.EXTENT_OF
SDO_TUNE.HISTOGRAM_ANALYSIS
SDO_TUNE.MIX_INFO

15 Geometry Functions and Procedures

SDO_GEOM.RELATE
SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_GEOMETRY
SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_LAYER

16 Window Functions and Procedures

SDO_WINDOW.BUILD_WINDOW
SDO_WINDOW.BUILD_WINDOW_FIXED
SDO_WINDOW.CLEAN_WINDOW
SDO_WINDOW.CLEANUP_GID
SDO_WINDOW.CREATE_WINDOW_LAYER

A Tuning Tips and Sample SQL Scripts

A.1 Tuning Tips
A.1.1 Data Modeling
A.1.2 Understanding the Tiling Level
A.1.3 Using Hybrid Indexes (Object-Relational Model Only)
A.1.4 Database Sizing
A.1.5 Visualizing the Spatial Index (Drawing Tiles)
A.1.5.1 Drawing Tiles from the Object-Relational Model
A.1.5.2 Drawing Tiles from the Relational Model
A.1.6 Setting the SORT_AREA_SIZE Value
A.1.7 Tuning Point Data with the Relational Model
A.1.7.1 Efficient Queries for Relational Point Data
A.1.7.2 Efficient Schema for Relational Point Layers
A.1.7.3 Script for Using Table Partitioning with Relational Point Data
A.1.8 Tuning Spatial Join Queries Using the Relational Model
A.1.8.1 Using the NO_MERGE, INDEX, and USE_NL Hints
A.1.8.2 Spatial Join Queries with Point Layers
A.1.9 Using Customized Geometry Types in the Relational Model
A.1.10 Partitioning Spatial Data Using the Relational Model
A.1.11 Parallel Loading and Indexing of Spatial Data Using the Relational Model
A.2 Scripts for Spatial Indexing Using the Relational Model
A.2.1 cr_spatial_index.sql Script
A.2.2 crlayer.sql Script
A.3 Tools and Related Products
A.3.1 Oracle8i interMedia Locator
A.3.1.1 Geocoding Support
A.3.1.2 Compatibility with Spatial Objects
A.3.1.3 Sample Locator Code
A.3.2 Spatial Viewer on UNIX/Motif for Relational Model
A.3.2.1 Installation and Setup
A.3.2.2 Connecting to a Database and Viewing Geometries
A.3.2.3 Using the Sample Viewer
A.3.3 Spatial Visualizer on Windows NT for the Object-Relational Model
A.3.3.1 Compiling and Running the Sample Program
A.3.3.2 Usage Notes

B Installation, Compatibility, and Migration Issues

B.1 Introduction
B.2 Installation Details
B.2.1 Changing from 8.1 to 8.0 Compatibility Mode
B.3 Compatibility Details
B.4 Data Migration Issues
B.5 Migrating from Spatial Release 8.1.5 to 8.1.6
B.5.1 Data Migration
B.5.2 Compatibility Between Releases 8.1.5 and 8.1.6

C Generic Geocoding Interface

C.1 interMedia Locator Implementation: Benefits and Limitations
C.2 Generic Geocoding Client
C.3 Geocoder Metadata
C.3.1 Server Properties
C.3.2 Geocoding Input and Output Specification
C.3.2.1 Multiple Matches and Rejected Records
C.4 Metadata Helper Class
C.5 Single-Record and Interactive Geocoding
C.6 Java Geocoder Service Interface
C.7 Enabling Third-Party Geocoders

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