Oracle9i Application Server Installation Guide Release 1.0.2 for Sun SPARC Solaris Part Number A86239-01 |
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This chapter guides you through the basic concepts and pre-installation steps for Oracle9i Application Server. These include an overview of Oracle9i Application Server, environment variables settings, configuration options, and starting Oracle Universal Installer.
Oracle9i Application Server is a scalable, secure, middle-tier application server. It enables you to deliver Web content, host Web applications, connect to back-office applications, and access your data on wireless devices. Oracle9i Application Server has three installation options:
Table 2-1 lists the three installation options of Oracle9i Application Server, and the components that are installed with each option. This is followed by a brief description of each component. For detailed information on each component, refer to the Oracle9i Application Server Overview Guide.
Oracle 8i JVM is an enterprise-class 100% Java-compatible server environment that supports Enterprise JavaBeans, CORBA, and database stored procedures. Oracle 8i JVM achieves high scalability through its unique architectural design, which minimizes the burden and complexity of memory management when the number of users increases.
Oracle Advanced Security provides a comprehensive suite of security features to protect enterprise networks and securely extend corporate networks to the Internet. It provides a single source of integration with network encryption and authentication solutions, single signon services, and security protocols. By integrating industry standards, it delivers unparalleled security to the Oracle network and beyond.
Oracle Business Components for Java is a 100% Java-compatible, XML-powered framework that enables productive development, portable deployment, and flexible customization of multi-tier, database applications from business components.
Oracle Database Cache improves the performance and scalability of applications that access Oracle databases by storing frequently used data on middle tier machines. With Oracle Database Cache, your applications can process several times as many requests as their original capacity. In addition, you do not need to modify your existing applications to use Oracle Database Cache and it is transparent to your end users.
The Oracle Database Client Developer's Kit contains the following client libraries:
Oracle Discoverer 3i Viewer is a query and analysis tool with a 100% thin client, CORBA architecture that makes it easy to deploy, and provides unsurpassed scalability. Using Oracle Discoverer's easy-to-use interface via a Web browser, users can access and analyze database data. Oracle Discoverer 3i Viewer scales up easily to support more users as demand on the system increases. It also optimizes for performance and is designed to minimize network traffic.
Oracle Enterprise Manager Client provides an integrated solution for centrally managing your Oracle environment. Combining a graphical console, Oracle Intelligent Agents, common services, and administrative tools, Oracle Enterprise Manager Client provides a comprehensive systems management platform for managing Oracle9i Application Server. To use this client, you must have a previously installed Oracle Management Server on your network.
Oracle Forms Services deploys Forms applications with database access to Java clients in a Web environment. Oracle Forms Services automatically optimizes class downloads, network traffic, and interactions with Oracle RDBMS. Applications are automatically load-balanced across multiple servers and, therefore, can easily scale to service any number of requests.
Oracle9i Application Server uses the Oracle HTTP Server, which is built on Apache Web server technology. Oracle HTTP Server offers scalability, stability, speed, and extensibility. It also supports Java Servlets, JavaServer Pages, Perl, PL/SQL, and CGI applications.
This component also includes the following sub-components:
Oracle Internet File System is a file system and development platform that stores files in an Oracle8i database. It provides a mechanism for creating, storing, and managing various types of information, from Web pages to email, from spreadsheets to XML files, in a common repository for users to access and update.
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) is the emerging Internet standard for directory services. Oracle LDAP Developer's Kit supports client interaction with any LDAP-compliant directory server, for example, Oracle Internet Directory. The toolkit provides tools and development libraries to support client calls to directory services, encrypted connections, and enables you to manage your directory data.
Oracle Management Server provides distributed control between the database and Oracle9i Application Server in the network. As a central engine for notifications, it processes all system management tasks and administers the distribution of these tasks across the enterprise. Ensure that you do not have multiple Oracle Management Servers installed on a single machine.
Oracle Portal is a complete solution for building, deploying and monitoring Web database applications and content-driven Web sites. Oracle Portal enables you to create and view database objects through an easy-to-use HTML-based interface, and provides tools for creating HTML-based interfaces. It also allows you to resolve performance problems using performance tracking facilities, and enables you to manage database security through its interface.
Oracle Portal-to-Go is a portal service for delivering information and applications to mobile devices. Using Oracle Portal-to-Go, you can create custom portal sites that use different kinds of content, including Web pages, custom Java applications, and XML-based applications. Portal sites make this diverse information accessible to mobile devices without you having to rewrite the content for each target device platform.
Oracle Reports Services provides an easy-to-use, scalable, and manageable solution for high-quality database publishing and reporting by creating dynamic reports for the Web and across the enterprise. It enables you to implement a multi-tiered architecture for running your reports.
Oracle Web Cache is a server accelerator caching service that improves the performance, scalability, and availability of frequently used e-business Web sites that run on Oracle9i Application Server and Oracle8i. By storing frequently accessed URLs in virtual memory, Oracle Web Cache eliminates the need to repeatedly process requests for those URLs on the Web server, and it caches both static and dynamically-generated HTTP content from one or more applications Web servers.
The Oracle XML Developer's Kit (XDK) contains the necessary XML components libraries and utilities to give developers the ability to easily XML-enable applications and Web sites. Oracle XDK supports development in Java, C, C++, and PL/SQL with a collection of libraries, command-line utilities, and tools.
The pre-installation tasks for the Oracle9i Application Server are divided into the following parts:
The following environment variables must be set before starting the installer:
ORACLE_HOME is the root directory in which Oracle software is installed.
Oracle9i Application Server cannot share the same ORACLE_HOME with other Oracle products. If you have installed other Oracle products, then Oracle9i Application Server must be installed in a different ORACLE_HOME. If previously-set ORACLE_HOMEs exist on the machine where you are installing Oracle9i Application Server on, then refer to "Preventing Conflicts Between ORACLE_HOMEs" below.
To prevent a conflict between the software in an existing ORACLE_HOME and Oracle9i Application Server, you must remove all references to the existing ORACLE_HOME. The following steps describe removing these references.
C shell | Bourne/Korn shell |
---|---|
prompt> unsetenv ORACLE_HOME |
prompt> export ORACLE_HOME= |
To set ORACLE_HOME environment variable, run the following command:
C shell | Bourne/Korn shell |
---|---|
prompt> setenv ORACLE_HOME <full path> |
prompt> export ORACLE_HOME=<full path> |
Setting the DISPLAY environment variable enables you to run the Oracle Universal Installer remotely from a local work station. On the system where you run the Oracle Universal Installer, set DISPLAY to the system name or IP address of your local workstation.
If you get an Xlib error similar to "Failed to connect to server", "Connection refused by server", or "Can't open display" when starting the installer, then run the commands on your local workstations as listed in the table below.
During installation, Oracle Universal Installer uses a temporary directory for swap space. This directory must meet the "Hardware Requirements" listed before installing Oracle9i Application Server. The installation may fail if you do not have sufficient space. The installer checks for the TMP environment variable to locate the temporary directory. If this environment variable does not exist, then the installer uses the /tmp directory.
The following are instructions for setting the TMP environment variable:
C shell | Bourne/Korn shell |
---|---|
prompt> setenv TMP <full path> |
prompt> export TMP=<full path> |
The following UNIX account and groups are required for the installation process.
Use the admintool or groupadd utility to create a group named oinstall
. The oinstall
group will own Oracle Universal Installer's oraInventory directory. The oracle
user account that runs the installation must have the oinstall
group as its primary group.
For more information on these utilities, refer to your operating system documentation.
The oracle
account is the UNIX account that owns Oracle software for your system. You must run Oracle Universal Installer from this account.
Create an oracle
account with the properties listed in Table 2-2.
Note:
Use the |
Two groups, the database operator group and the database administrator group, are required for installation. Oracle documentation refers to these groups as OSOPER and OSDBA, respectively. Databases use these groups for operating system authentication. This is necessary in situations where the database is shutdown and database authentication is unavailable.
The privileges of these groups are given to either a single UNIX group or two corresponding UNIX groups. There are two ways to choose which group(s) get the privileges:
oracle
account is a member of the dba
group before starting the installer, then dba
is given the privileges of both OSOPER and OSDBA.
oracle
account is not a member of the dba
group, then the installer will prompt you for the group name(s) that get these privileges.
The following table lists the privileges for the OSOPER and OSDBA groups:
After setting the environment variables and creating UNIX accounts and groups, complete the pre-installation tasks for the Oracle9i Application Server.
If you are migrating from Oracle Internet Application Server, Release 1.0.0, then you must perform certain migration tasks before performing the pre-installation tasks for Oracle9i Application Server, Release 1.0.2. For migration information and tasks, refer to Migrating from Oracle Internet Application Server 1.0.0, which is included on your product CD.
The following list directs you to the installation option that you have license to:
Oracle HTTP Server Only installation option does not require any pre-installation tasks.
You have completed the pre-installation tasks for the Oracle9i Application Server. Proceed to "About Oracle Universal Installer" to start the installer.
The following are the pre-installation steps for the Standard Edition of the Oracle9i Application Server.
Perform the following tasks before installing Oracle Internet File System:
Oracle interMedia Text is an optional component that will allow Oracle Internet File System to search on document contents. If interMedia Text is installed, you must verify that it is configured correctly, or Oracle Internet File System will not configure properly. You will need to configure Net8 Server on the database machine for external procedures. This requires configuring the tnsnames.ora and listener.ora files. By default, these files are located in the following directory:
prompt> <ORACLE_HOME>/network/admin
For more information on configuring Net8 External Procedures, refer to Oracle Net8 Administrator's Guide.
Modify the listener.ora File
Modify your listener.ora file as per the following example:
LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS= (PROTOCOL =TCP) (HOST = <localhost>) (PORT = 1521))) (ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC) (KEY = oni))) (ADDRESS_LIST =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC) (KEY = EXTPROC))))) SID_LIST_LISTENER=(SID_LIST =(SID_DESC =(GLOBAL_DBNAME = <mydb>) (ORACLE_HOME = /export/home/OraHome1) (SID_NAME = oni)) (SID_DESC =(ENVS=LD_LIBRARY_PATH=<ORACLE_HOME>/lib:<ORACLE_HOME>/ctx/lib) (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = /export/home/OraHome1) (PROGRAM = extproc)))
Modify the tnsnames.ora File
Modify your tnsnames.ora file as per the following example:
IFS=(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS= (PROTOCOL =TCP) (HOST = <localhost>) (PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA =(SERVICE_NAME =<mydb>)))EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS =(PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))) (CONNECT_DATA =(SID = PLSExtProc) (PRESENTATION = RO)))
Installation of Oracle Internet File System requires reconfiguration of specific database parameters on the server machine.
prompt> lsnrctl stop
prompt> sqlplus ctxsys/<ctxsys password> SQL>exec ctx_adm.shutdown(); SQL>exit;
prompt> sqlplus /nolog SQL> connect sys/<sys_password> as sysdba;Connected.
SQL> shutdown [immediate] Database shutdown
SQL> exit
<ORACLE_BASE>/admin/<global_database_name>/pfile
open_cursors
to at least 255.
shared_pool_size
at least 9M.
To verify that there is at least one online non-system rollback segment, connect to Oracle as the SYS user with SQL*Plus and execute the following SQL statement:
SQL> SELECT segment_name, tablespace_name, status
FROM dba_rollback_segs;
This will result in output that looks like the following table:
SEGMENT_NAME | TABLESPACE_NAME | STATUS |
---|---|---|
SYSTEM |
SYSTEM |
ONLINE |
PUBLIC_RS |
SYSTEM |
ONLINE |
USERS_RS |
USERS |
ONLINE |
In this example, USERS_RS is an online non-system rollback segment. To ensure that the rollback segment is always online after a database startup, include a line such as:
rollback_segments = (rbs_name1, .... , rbs_namex)
in the init<SID>.ora file.
For more information on how to create an online non-system rollback segment, refer to the Oracle8i Administrator Guide.
SEMMSL
to 10 plus the largest PROCESSES parameter of any Oracle database on the system.
SEMMNS
to the sum of the PROCESSES parameter for each Oracle database, adding the largest one twice, then add an additional 10 for each database.
For more information, refer to Oracle8i Installation Guide.
prompt> lsnrctl start
prompt> sqlplus /nolog SQL> connect sys/<sys password> as sysdba Connected. SQL> startup
SQL> SELECT name, value FROM v$parameter WHERE name = open_cursors;
You should see the open_cursors
value you entered in the init<SID>.ora file in step 2. For more information, refer to Oracle8i Administration Guide.
Before you can install Oracle Internet File System, you must configure authentication encryption.
prompt> cd <ORACLE_HOME>/rdbms/admin
catobtk.sql
from the:
prompt> sqlplus sys/<sys password> SQL> @catobtk.sql
SQL> GRANT EXECUTE ON dbms_obfuscation_toolkit TO PUBLIC;
Oracle9i Application Server requires an active database connection. The installer uses this connection to add database objects to the origin database. The origin database is the original and primary storage for your data and is typically located on a database server tier.
Before installing Oracle9i Application Server, verify that the origin database and its TNS listener are running.
You have completed the pre-installation tasks for the Oracle9i Application Server. Proceed to "About Oracle Universal Installer" to start the installer.7
The following are the pre-installation steps for the Enterprise Edition of the Oracle9i Application Server.
For TCP/IP performance tuning tips for the computer running Oracle Web Cache, refer to Oracle HTTP Server powered by Apache Performance Guide.
This section guides you through the Oracle Database Cache pre-installation tasks.
To use Oracle Database Cache, the name of your origin database and its System Identifier (SID) must be the same. You can see both the name and SID by executing the following commands in SQL*Plus when logged on as the sys
user:
SQL> select value from v$parameter where name = 'db_name'; SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;
If these values are different, then you must perform the following steps on the origin database machine to change the SID:
To prepare the origin database, you must allow Oracle Database Cache to access it remotely:
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE
parameter, then make sure that the value equals SHARED
or EXCLUSIVE
. If the parameter is already set to either SHARED
or EXCLUSIVE
, then you do not need to change the value.
If the file does not contain the entry, then add it to the file, specifying either SHARED
or EXCLUSIVE
as the value. For example, to specify EXCLUSIVE
, add the following entry to the file:
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
initSID.ora is in the ORACLE_HOME/admin/server/pfile directory for of the Oracle database.
prompt>orapwd file=<
orapwSID> password=<
syspw> entries=<
maxRemUsers>
prompt> cd ORACLE_HOME\bin prompt> ORAPWD FILE=PWDSID.ORA PASSWORD=sys_password ENTRIES=maxRemUsers
There are no spaces around the equal sign (=). The parameters have the following meaning:
For information on the orapwd utility, refer to Oracle8i Administrator's Guide.
For further information about the password file utility and remote login, refer to the Oracle8i Administrator's Guide.
You must configure the listener for the origin database so that it listens for external procedure calls. To do so, take the following steps:
EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA.US.ORACLE.COM= (DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS_LIST=
(ADDRESS= (PROTOCOL=IPC) (KEY=EXTPROC0))
) (CONNECT_DATA= (SID=PLSExtProc)
(PRESENTATION= RO)
) )
The entry name extproc_connection_data
must be entered exactly as it appears here.
LISTENER= (DESCRIPTION_LIST= (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS_LIST= (ADDRESS= (PROTOCOL=IPC) (KEY=EXTPROC0)) ) ) ... ) SID_LIST_LISTENER= (SID_LIST= (SID_DESC= (SID_NAME=PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME=<oracle_home>) (PROGRAM=extproc) )
...)
You must specify extproc as the program. It must be entered exactly as it appears in this example. The key you specify, in this case EXTPROC0, must match the key you specify in the tnsnames.ora file.
Additionally, the sid_name
you specify, in this case PLSExtProc, must match the sid entry in tnsnames.ora file.
oracle
user (which is the default owner of the server executable and database files). Therefore, you should start the listener from a user account that does not have permission to read or write to database files or the Oracle server address space.
prompt> lsnrctl start external_procedure_listener
NAMES.DEFAULT_DOMAIN = <
your.Domain.Name>
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)
NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, ONAMES, HOSTNAME)
For more information regarding the listener.ora file and the tnsnames.ora file, refer to the Net8 Administrator's Guide.
Perform the following tasks before installing Oracle Internet File System:
Oracle interMedia Text is an optional component that will allow Oracle Internet File System to search on document contents. If interMedia Text is installed, you must verify that it is configured correctly, or Oracle Internet File System will not configure properly. You will need to configure Net8 Server on the database machine for external procedures. This requires configuring the tnsnames.ora and listener.ora files. By default, these files are located in the following directory:
prompt> <ORACLE_HOME>/network/admin
For more information on configuring Net8 External Procedures, refer to Oracle Net8 Administrator's Guide.
Modify the listener.ora File
Modify your listener.ora file as per the following example:
LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS= (PROTOCOL =TCP) (HOST = <localhost>) (PORT = 1521))) (ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC) (KEY = oni))) (ADDRESS_LIST =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC) (KEY = EXTPROC))))) SID_LIST_LISTENER=(SID_LIST =(SID_DESC =(GLOBAL_DBNAME = <mydb>) (ORACLE_HOME = /export/home/OraHome1) (SID_NAME = oni)) (SID_DESC =(ENVS=LD_LIBRARY_PATH=<ORACLE_HOME>/lib:<ORACLE_HOME>/ctx/lib) (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = /export/home/OraHome1) (PROGRAM = extproc)))
Modify the tnsnames.ora File
Modify your tnsnames.ora file as per the following example:
IFS=(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS= (PROTOCOL =TCP) (HOST = <localhost>) (PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA =(SERVICE_NAME =<mydb>)))EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS =(PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))) (CONNECT_DATA =(SID = PLSExtProc) (PRESENTATION = RO)))
Installation of Oracle Internet File System requires reconfiguration of specific database parameters on the server machine.
prompt> lsnrctl stop
prompt> sqlplus ctxsys/<ctxsys password> SQL>exec ctx_adm.shutdown(); SQL>exit;
prompt> sqlplus /nolog SQL> connect sys/<sys_password> as sysdba;Connected.
SQL> shutdown [immediate] Database shutdown
SQL> exit
<ORACLE_BASE>/admin/<global_database_name>/pfile
open_cursors
to at least 255.
shared_pool_size
at least 9M.
To verify that there is at least one online non-system rollback segment, connect to Oracle as the SYS user with SQL*Plus and execute the following SQL statement:
SQL> SELECT segment_name, tablespace_name, status
FROM dba_rollback_segs;
This will result in output that looks like the following table:
SEGMENT_NAME | TABLESPACE_NAME | STATUS |
---|---|---|
SYSTEM |
SYSTEM |
ONLINE |
PUBLIC_RS |
SYSTEM |
ONLINE |
USERS_RS |
USERS |
ONLINE |
In this example, USERS_RS is an online non-system rollback segment. To ensure that the rollback segment is always online after a database startup, include a line such as:
rollback_segments = (rbs_name1, .... , rbs_namex)
in the init<SID>.ora file.
For more information on how to create an online non-system rollback segment, refer to the Oracle8i Administrator Guide.
SEMMSL
to 10 plus the largest PROCESSES parameter of any Oracle database on the system.
SEMMNS
to the sum of the PROCESSES parameter for each Oracle database, adding the largest one twice, then add an additional 10 for each database.
For more information, refer to Oracle8i Installation Guide.
prompt> lsnrctl start
prompt> sqlplus /nolog SQL> connect sys/<sys password> as sysdba Connected. SQL> startup
SQL> SELECT name, value FROM v$parameter WHERE name = open_cursors;
You should see the open_cursors
value you entered in the init<SID>.ora file in step 2. For more information, refer to Oracle8i Administration Guide.
Before you can install Oracle Internet File System, you must configure authentication encryption.
prompt> cd <ORACLE_HOME>/rdbms/admin
catobtk.sql
from the:
prompt> sqlplus sys/<sys password> SQL> @catobtk.sql
SQL> GRANT EXECUTE ON dbms_obfuscation_toolkit TO PUBLIC;
Oracle9i Application Server requires an active database connection. The installer uses this connection to add database objects to the origin database. The origin database is the original and primary storage for your data and is typically located on a database server tier.
Before installing Oracle9i Application Server, verify that the origin database and its TNS listener are running.
You have completed the pre-installation tasks for the Oracle9i Application Server. Proceed to "About Oracle Universal Installer" to start the installer.
Oracle9i Application Server uses Oracle Universal Installer to configure environment variables and to install components. The installer guides you through each step of the installation process, so you can choose configuration options for a customized product.
The installer includes features that perform the following tasks:
The installer creates the oraInventory directory the first time it is run on your machine. The oraInventory directory keeps an inventory of products that the installer installs on your machine as well as other installation information. If you have previously installed Oracle products, then you may already have an oraInventory directory.
Follow these steps to launch Oracle Universal Installer, which installs Oracle9i Application Server:
The Oracle Product Installation CD-ROM is in RockRidge format. If you are using the Solaris Volume Management software (installed by default in Sun SPARC Solaris), then the CD-ROM is mounted automatically to cdrom/9i_appserver when you insert it in the disk drive. To begin installation, insert the CD labelled Disk 1.
If you are not using the Solaris Volume Management software, then you must mount the CD-ROM manually. To manually mount or unmount the CD-ROM, you must have root privileges. Be sure to unmount the CD-ROM before removing it from the drive.
To manually mount the CD-ROM, perform the following tasks:
prompt> mkdir <mount_point>
prompt> mount options <device_name> <mount_point> prompt> exit
The following example mounts the CD-ROM manually on /cdrom, without using the Solaris Volume Management software. Execute the following commands as root user.
prompt> mkdir /cdrom prompt> mount -r -F hsfs <device_name> /cdrom prompt> exit
This launches Oracle Universal Installer through which you can install Oracle9i Application Server.
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