Oracle9i Real Application Clusters Setup and Configuration Release 2 (9.2) Part Number A96600-01 |
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This chapter describes server parameter file placement and configuration in Real Application Clusters environments. The topics in this chapter are:
See Also:
Oracle9i Real Application Clusters Administration for more information about parameters in Real Application Clusters environments and Oracle9i Real Application Clusters Deployment and Performance for a discussion of parallel execution-related parameters in Real Application Clusters data warehouse environments |
Oracle uses parameter settings in parameter files to determine how to control various database resources. You can use two types of files for parameter administration: the server parameter file or one or more traditional client-side parameter files.
Oracle Corporation recommends that you administer parameters using the server parameter file. If you use the traditional client-side parameter files, parameter changes that Oracle makes for self-tuning are not preserved after shutdown.
See Also:
Oracle9i Real Application Clusters Administration for more information on using client-side parameter files in Real Application Clusters |
By default, Oracle creates the server parameter file based on one SPFILE
. You can only change parameter settings in the server parameter file using Oracle Enterprise Manager or ALTER SYSTEM SET SQL
statements; the server parameter file is a binary file that you cannot directly edit.
Note: Oracle Corporation recommends that you avoid modifying the values for self-tuning parameters; overriding these settings can adversely affect performance. |
If you are migrating from a previous Oracle release, create and configure the server parameter file for Real Application Clusters using the procedures described in the following section.
The default location of the server parameter file when the database creates it from PFILEs
is platform-dependent.
The default location of the server parameter file on UNIX is:
$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfile$ORACLE_SID
.ora
The default location of the server parameter file on Windows NT and Windows 2000 is:
%ORACLE_HOME%\database\SPFILE%ORACLE_SID%.ORA
The default location of the server parameter file is inappropriate for Real Application Clusters databases because all instances must use the same server parameter file.
Instead, for UNIX platforms Oracle Corporation recommends that you use a PFILE
in:
$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init$ORACLE_SID.ora
For Windows NT and Windows 2000 platforms Oracle Corporation recommends that you use a PFILE
in:
%ORACLE_HOME%\database\init%ORACLE_SID%.ora
This file is for each instance and it references a single, shared initialization parameter file. The file must contain the following entry for UNIX platforms:
SPFILE='/dev/vx/rdsk/oracle_dg/db_spfile'
The file must contain the following entry for Windows NT and Windows 2000 platforms:
SPFILE='db_spfile1'
However, if you use a cluster file system, then use an alternate file location of:
SPFILE= $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfile.ora
You must use the same value of SPFILE
so that all instances use the same server parameter file at startup.
To use the DBCA to create your database and to use the server parameter file, on the Initialization Parameters page select the Create server parameter file (spfile) box under the File Locations tab. Then enter either a shared file system filename or the raw device path name in the Server Parameters Filename
field as shown in Figure 6-1.
Text description of the illustration fileloc2.gif
Oracle searches for your initialization parameter file in a particular order depending on your platform. On UNIX platforms, Oracle examines directories in the following order:
The search order on Windows NT and Windows 2000 platforms is:
To migrate to the server parameter file, create and edit the server parameter file using the procedures described in this section.
Put the server parameter file on a raw device that is at least 5MB in size. For single-node cluster-enabled configurations, or if you are using a cluster file system, place the server parameter file on a file system.
Migrate to the server parameter file by completing the following procedures:
init
dbname.ora
file by copying all shared IFILE contents as is. All parameters defined in your IFILE
parameter files are global. Therefore, create them as "parameter=value" without sid prefixes.init
sid.ora
files using the following syntax where sid
is the sid
of the instance:
sid
.parameter=value
CREATE SPFILE
statement. For example:
CREATE SPFILE='/dev/vx/rdsk/oracle_dg/db_spfile' FROM PFILE='?/dbs/initdb_name.ora'
This statement reads your combined initdbname.ora file that you created by merging your IFILEs. Then it transfers the settings for the parameters from the merged file into your server parameter file.
STARTUP
command as in this example:
STARTUP PFILE=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initsid.ora
Where the file init
sid.ora
contains the entry:
SPFILE='/dev/vx/rdsk/oracle_dg/db_spfile'
If you use this STARTUP
command syntax, Oracle uses the server parameter file entry specified in init
sid.ora
.
Note: The release 8.1 default of using a client-side |
Oracle reports errors that occur during the server parameter file creation or while reading the file during startup. If an error occurs during a parameter update, Oracle records the error in your ALERT.LOG
file and ignores subsequent parameter updates to the file. If this happens, you can do any of the following:
Oracle displays errors for parameter changes that you attempt when you incorrectly use the ALTER SYSTEM SET
statement. Oracle does this when an error occurs while reading from or writing to the server parameter file.
Oracle Corporation recommends that you regularly create copies of the server parameter file for recovery purposes. Do this using the CREATE PFILE
statement. For example:
CREATE PFILE='?/dbs/initdb_name.ora'
FROM SPFILE='/dev/vx/rdsk/oracle_dg/db_spfile
'
You can also recover by starting up an instance using a client-side initialization parameter file. Then re-create the server parameter file using the CREATE SPFILE
statement. You cannot use RMAN (Recovery Manager) to create backups of the server parameter file.
See Also:
Oracle9i SQL Reference for more information about the |
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