java.lang
Class StringBuffer

java.lang.Object
  java.lang.StringBuffer

All Implemented Interfaces:

CharSequence , Serializable

public final class StringBuffer

extends Object

implements Serializable , CharSequence

A thread-safe, string buffer implements a mutable sequence of characters. A string buffer is like a String , but can be modified. At any point in time it contains some particular sequence of characters, but the length and content of the sequence can be changed through certain method calls.

String buffers are safe for use by multiple threads. The methods are synchronized where necessary so that all the operations on any particular instance behave as if they occur in some serial order that is consistent with the order of the method calls made by each of the individual threads involved.

String buffers are used by the compiler to implement the binary string concatenation operator +. For example, the code:

 x = "a" + 4 + "c"
 

is compiled to the equivalent of:

 x = new StringBuffer().append("a").append(4).append("c")
 .toString()
 

The principal operations on a StringBuffer are the append and insert methods, which are overloaded so as to accept data of any type. Each effectively converts a given datum to a string and then appends or inserts the characters of that string to the string buffer. The append method always adds these characters at the end of the buffer; the insert method adds the characters at a specified point.

For example, if z refers to a string buffer object whose current contents are "start", then the method call z.append("le") would cause the string buffer to contain "startle", whereas z.insert(4, "le") would alter the string buffer to contain "starlet".

In general, if sb refers to an instance of a StringBuffer, then sb.append(x) has the same effect as sb.insert(sb.length(), x).

Every string buffer has a capacity. As long as the length of the character sequence contained in the string buffer does not exceed the capacity, it is not necessary to allocate a new internal buffer array. If the internal buffer overflows, it is automatically made larger. As of release 1.5, this class has been supplemented with an equivalent class designed for use by a single thread, StringBuilder . The StringBuilder class should generally be used in preference to this one, as it supports all of the same operations but it is faster, as it performs no synchronization.

Since:

JDK1.0

See Also:

StringBuilder ByteArrayOutputStream , String , Serialized Form

Constructor Summary
StringBuffer ()           Constructs a string buffer with no characters in it and an initial capacity of 16 characters.
StringBuffer StringBuffer ( CharSequence (int length)           Constructs a string buffer that contains the same with no characters as in it and an initial capacity specified by the specified CharSequence. length argument.
StringBuffer (int capacity)           Constructs a string buffer with no characters in it and the specified initial capacity.
StringBuffer ( String           Constructs a string buffer so that it represents the same sequence of characters as the string argument; in other words, the initial contents of the string buffer is a copy of the argument string.
StringBuffer ( String           Constructs a string buffer initialized to the contents of the specified string.

 

Method Summary
StringBuffer	append (boolean b)           Appends the string representation of the boolean argument to the sequence. string buffer.
StringBuffer	append (char c)           Appends the string representation of the char argument to this sequence. string buffer.
StringBuffer	append (char[] str)           Appends the string representation of the char array argument to this sequence. string buffer.
StringBuffer	append (char[] str, int offset, int len)           Appends the string representation of a subarray of the char array argument to this sequence. string buffer.
StringBuffer	append append ( CharSequence (double d)           Appends the specified CharSequence string representation of the double argument to this sequence. string buffer.
StringBuffer	append append ( CharSequence (float f)           Appends a subsequence the string representation of the specified CharSequence float argument to this sequence. string buffer.
StringBuffer	append append (double d) (int i)           Appends the string representation of the double int argument to this sequence. string buffer.
StringBuffer	append append (float f) (long l)           Appends the string representation of the float long argument to this sequence. string buffer.
StringBuffer	append append (int i) ( Object           Appends the string representation of the int Object argument to this sequence. string buffer.
StringBuffer	append append (long lng) ( String           Appends the string representation of the long argument to this sequence. string buffer.
StringBuffer	append append ( Object StringBuffer           Appends the string representation of the Object argument. specified StringBuffer to this StringBuffer .
StringBuffer	append ( String           Appends the specified string to this character sequence.
int	capacity ()           Returns the current capacity of the String buffer.
StringBuffer	append ( StringBuffer           Appends the specified StringBuffer to this sequence.
char	charAt (int index)           The specified character of the sequence currently represented by the string buffer, as indicated by the index argument, is returned.
StringBuffer	appendCodePoint delete (int codePoint) (int start, int end)           Appends           Removes the string representation characters in a substring of the codePoint argument to this sequence. StringBuffer.
int	capacity ()           Returns the current capacity.
StringBuffer	deleteCharAt (int index)           Removes the character at the specified position in this StringBuffer (shortening the StringBuffer by one character).
char  void	charAt ensureCapacity (int index) (int minimumCapacity)           Returns           Ensures that the char value in this sequence capacity of the buffer is at least equal to the specified index. minimum.
int	codePointAt (int index)           Returns the character (Unicode code point) at the specified index.
void	getChars (int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char[] dst, int dstBegin)           Characters are copied from this string buffer into the destination character array dst.
int	codePointBefore (int index)           Returns the character (Unicode code point) before the specified index.
StringBuffer	delete (int start, int end)           Removes the characters in a substring of this sequence.
StringBuffer	deleteCharAt (int index)           Removes the character at the specified position in this sequence.
void	ensureCapacity (int minimumCapacity)           Ensures that the capacity is at least equal to the specified minimum.
void	getChars (int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char[] dst, int dstBegin)           Characters are copied from this sequence into the destination character array dst.
int	indexOf ( String  str)           Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring.
int	indexOf ( String  str, int fromIndex)           Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring, starting at the specified index.
StringBuffer	insert (int offset, boolean b)           Inserts the string representation of the boolean argument into this sequence. string buffer.
StringBuffer	insert (int offset, char c)           Inserts the string representation of the char argument into this sequence. string buffer.
StringBuffer	insert (int offset, char[] str)           Inserts the string representation of the char array argument into this sequence. string buffer.
StringBuffer	insert (int index, char[] str, int offset, int len)           Inserts the string representation of a subarray of the str array argument into this sequence. string buffer.
StringBuffer	insert insert (int dstOffset, CharSequence (int offset, double d)           Inserts the specified CharSequence string representation of the double argument into this sequence. string buffer.
StringBuffer	insert insert (int dstOffset, CharSequence (int offset, float f)           Inserts a subsequence the string representation of the specified CharSequence float argument into this sequence. string buffer.
StringBuffer	insert insert (int offset, double d) int i)           Inserts the string representation of the double second int argument into this sequence. string buffer.
StringBuffer	insert insert (int offset, float f) long l)           Inserts the string representation of the float long argument into this sequence. string buffer.
StringBuffer	insert insert (int offset, int i) Object           Inserts the string representation of the second int Object argument into this sequence. string buffer.
StringBuffer	insert insert (int offset, long l) String           Inserts the string representation of the long argument into this sequence. string buffer.
StringBuffer	insert (int offset, Object           Inserts the string representation of the Object argument into this character sequence.
StringBuffer	insert (int offset, String           Inserts the string into this character sequence.
int	lastIndexOf ( String  str)           Returns the index within this string of the rightmost occurrence of the specified substring.
int	lastIndexOf ( String  str, int fromIndex)           Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified substring.
int	length ()           Returns the length (character count). count) of this string buffer.
StringBuffer	replace (int start, int end, String           Replaces the characters in a substring of this sequence StringBuffer with characters in the specified String.
StringBuffer	reverse ()           Causes this           The character sequence to be contained in this string buffer is replaced by the reverse of the sequence.
void	setCharAt (int index, char ch)           The character at the specified index of this string buffer is set to ch.
void	setLength (int newLength)           Sets the length of the character sequence. this String buffer.
CharSequence	subSequence (int start, int end)           Returns a new character sequence that is a subsequence of this sequence.
String	substring (int start)           Returns a new String that contains a subsequence of characters currently contained in this character sequence. StringBuffer.The substring begins at the specified index and extends to the end of the StringBuffer.
String	substring (int start, int end)           Returns a new String that contains a subsequence of characters currently contained in this sequence. StringBuffer.
String	toString ()           Returns           Converts to a string representing the data in this sequence. string buffer.
void	trimToSize ()           Attempts to reduce storage used for the character sequence.

 

Methods inherited from class java.lang. Object
clone , equals , finalize , getClass , hashCode , notify , notifyAll , wait , wait , wait

 

Constructor Detail

StringBuffer

public StringBuffer()

Constructs a string buffer with no characters in it and an initial capacity of 16 characters.

StringBuffer

public StringBuffer(int capacity) (int length) 

Constructs a string buffer with no characters in it and an initial capacity specified by the specified initial capacity. length argument.

Parameters:

capacity length - the initial capacity.

Throws:

NegativeArraySizeException - if the capacity length argument is less than 0.

StringBuffer

public StringBuffer(String str)

Constructs a string buffer initialized to the contents of the specified string. Constructs a string buffer so that it represents the same sequence of characters as the string argument; in other words, the initial contents of the string buffer is a copy of the argument string. The initial capacity of the string buffer is 16 plus the length of the string argument.

Parameters:

str - the initial contents of the buffer.

Throws:

NullPointerException - if str is null

StringBuffer

public StringBuffer ( CharSequence seq) 

Constructs a string buffer that contains the same characters as the specified CharSequence. The initial capacity of the string buffer is 16 plus the length of the CharSequence argument.

If the length of the specified CharSequence is less than or equal to zero, then an empty buffer of capacity 16 is returned.

Parameters:

seq - the sequence to copy.

Throws:

NullPointerException - if seq is null

Since:

1.5

length

public int length()

Returns the length (character count). count) of this string buffer.

Specified by:

length in interface CharSequence

Returns:

the length of the sequence of characters currently represented by this object string buffer.

capacity

public int capacity()

Returns the current capacity. capacity of the String buffer. The capacity is the amount of storage available for newly inserted characters, characters; beyond which an allocation will occur.

Returns:

the current capacity of this string buffer.

ensureCapacity

public void ensureCapacity(int minimumCapacity)

Ensures that the capacity of the buffer is at least equal to the specified minimum. If the current capacity of this string buffer is less than the argument, then a new internal array buffer is allocated with greater capacity. The new capacity is the larger of:

• The minimumCapacity argument.
• Twice the old capacity, plus 2.

If the minimumCapacity argument is nonpositive, this method takes no action and simply returns.

Parameters:

minimumCapacity - the minimum desired capacity.

trimToSize

public void trimToSize () 

Attempts to reduce storage used for the character sequence. If the buffer is larger than necessary to hold its current sequence of characters, then it may be resized to become more space efficient. Calling this method may, but is not required to, affect the value returned by a subsequent call to the capacity() method.

Since:

1.5

setLength

public void setLength(int newLength)

Sets the length of the character sequence. The sequence this String buffer. This string buffer is changed altered to represent a new character sequence whose length is specified by the argument. For every nonnegative index k less than newLength, the character at index k in the new character sequence is the same as the character at index k in the old sequence if k is less than the length of the old character sequence; otherwise, it is the null character '\u0000'. In other words, if the newLength argument is less than the current length, length of the length string buffer, the string buffer is changed truncated to contain exactly the specified length. number of characters given by the newLength argument.

If the newLength argument is greater than or equal to the current length, sufficient null characters ('\u0000') are appended to the string buffer so that length becomes the newLength argument.

The newLength argument must be greater than or equal to 0.

Parameters:

newLength - the new length of the buffer.

Throws:

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if the newLength argument is negative.

See Also:

length()

charAt

public char charAt(int index)

Returns The specified character of the char value in this sequence at currently represented by the specified index. string buffer, as indicated by the index argument, is returned. The first char value character of a string buffer is at index 0, the next at index 1, and so on, as in for array indexing.

The index argument must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the length of this sequence. string buffer.

If the char value specified by the index is a surrogate , the surrogate value is returned.

Specified by:

charAt in interface CharSequence

Parameters:

index - the index of the desired char value. character.

Returns:

the char value at the specified index. the character at the specified index of this string buffer.

See Also: Throws:

length() IndexOutOfBoundsException

codePointAt

public int codePointAt (int index) 

Returns the character (Unicode code point) at the specified index. The index refers to char values (Unicode code units) and ranges from 0 to length() - 1.

If the char value specified at the given index is in the high-surrogate range, the following index is less than the length of this sequence, and the char value at the following index is in the low-surrogate range, then the supplementary code point corresponding to this surrogate pair is returned. Otherwise, the char value at the given index is returned.

- if index is negative or greater than or equal to length().

Parameters: See Also:

index - the index to the char values

Returns:

the code point value of the character at the index

Since:

1.5

codePointBefore

public int codePointBefore (int index) 

Returns the character (Unicode code point) before the specified index. The index refers to char values (Unicode code units) and ranges from 1 to length() .

If the char value at (index - 1) is in the low-surrogate range, (index - 2) is not negative, and the char value at (index - 2) is in the high-surrogate range, then the supplementary code point value of the surrogate pair is returned. If the char value at index - 1 is an unpaired low-surrogate or a high-surrogate, the surrogate value is returned.

Parameters:

index - the index following the code point that should be returned

Returns:

the Unicode code point value before the given index.

Since:

1.5

getChars

public void getChars(int srcBegin,
                     int srcEnd,
                     char[] dst,
                     int dstBegin)

Characters are copied from this sequence string buffer into the destination character array dst. The first character to be copied is at index srcBegin; the last character to be copied is at index srcEnd-1. The total number of characters to be copied is srcEnd-srcBegin. The characters are copied into the subarray of dst starting at index dstBegin and ending at index:

 dstbegin + (srcEnd-srcBegin) - 1
 

Parameters:

srcBegin - start copying at this offset. offset in the string buffer.

srcEnd - stop copying at this offset. offset in the string buffer.

dst - the array to copy the data into.

dstBegin - offset into dst.

Throws:

NullPointerException - if dst is null.

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if any of the following is true:

• srcBegin is negative
• dstBegin is negative
• the srcBegin argument is greater than the srcEnd argument.
• srcEnd is greater than this.length(), the current length of this string buffer.
• dstBegin+srcEnd-srcBegin is greater than dst.length

setCharAt

public void setCharAt(int index,
                      char ch)

The character at the specified index of this string buffer is set to ch. This sequence The string buffer is altered to represent a new character sequence that is identical to the old character sequence, except that it contains the character ch at position index.

The index argument must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the length of this sequence. string buffer.

Parameters:

index - the index of the character to modify.

ch - the new character.

Throws:

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if index is negative or greater than or equal to length().

See Also:

length()

append

public StringBuffer append(Object obj)

Appends the string representation of the Object argument. argument to this string buffer.

The argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then appended to this sequence. string buffer.

Parameters:

obj - an Object.

Returns:

a reference to this StringBuffer object.

See Also:

String.valueOf(java.lang.Object) , append(java.lang.String)

append

public StringBuffer append(String str)

Appends the specified string to this character sequence. string buffer.

The characters of the String argument are appended, in order, to the contents of this string buffer, increasing the length of this sequence string buffer by the length of the argument. If str is null, then the four characters "null" are appended. appended to this string buffer.

Let n be the length of this the old character sequence sequence, the one contained in the string buffer just prior to execution of the append method. Then the character at index k in the new character sequence is equal to the character at index k in the old character sequence, if k is less than n ; otherwise, it is equal to the character at index k-n in the argument str.

Parameters:

str - a string.

Returns:

a reference to this object. StringBuffer.

append

public StringBuffer append(StringBuffer sb)

Appends the specified StringBuffer to this sequence. to this StringBuffer .

The characters of the StringBuffer argument are appended, in order, to the contents of this StringBuffer , increasing the length of this StringBuffer by the length of the argument. If sb is null , then the four characters "null" are appended to this StringBuffer .

Let n be the length of the old character sequence, the one contained in the StringBuffer just prior to execution of the append method. Then the character at index k in the new character sequence is equal to the character at index k in the old character sequence, if k is less than n ; otherwise, it is equal to the character at index k-n in the argument sb.

This method synchronizes on this (the destination) object but does not synchronize on the source (sb). The method ensureCapacity is first called on this StringBuffer with the new buffer length as its argument. (This ensures that the storage of this StringBuffer is adequate to contain the additional characters being appended.)

Parameters:

sb - the StringBuffer to append.

Returns:

a reference to this object. StringBuffer .

Since:

1.4

append

public StringBufferappend ( CharSequence s) 

Appends the specified CharSequence to this sequence.

The characters of the CharSequence argument are appended, in order, increasing the length of this sequence by the length of the argument.

The result of this method is exactly the same as if it were an invocation of this.append(s, 0, s.length());

This method synchronizes on this (the destination) object but does not synchronize on the source (s).

If s is null, then the four characters "null" are appended.

Specified by:

append in interface Appendable

Parameters:

s - the CharSequence to append.

Returns:

a reference to this object.

Since:

1.5

append

public StringBufferappend ( CharSequence s,
 int srcOffset,
 int len) 

Appends a subsequence of the specified CharSequence to this sequence.

Characters of the CharSequence argument, starting at index srcOffset, are appended, in order, to the contents of this sequence. The length of this sequence is increased by the value of len.

Let n be the length of this character sequence just prior to execution of the append method. Then the character at index k in this character sequence becomes equal to the character at index k in s, if k is less than n ; otherwise, it is equal to the character at index k+srcOffset-n in the argument s.

This method synchronizes on this (the destination) object but does not synchronize on the source (s).

If s is null, then this method appends characters as if the s parameter was a sequence containing the four characters "null".

Parameters:

s - the CharSequence to append.

srcOffset - the index of the first character in s to be appended.

len - the number of characters in s to be appended.

Returns:

a reference to this object.

Since:

1.5

append

public StringBuffer append(char[] str)

Appends the string representation of the char array argument to this sequence. string buffer.

The characters of the array argument are appended, in order, to the contents of this sequence. string buffer. The length of this sequence string buffer increases by the length of the argument.

The overall effect is exactly as if the argument were converted to a string by the method String.valueOf(char[]) and the characters of that string were then appended to this character sequence. StringBuffer object.

Parameters:

str - the characters to be appended.

Returns:

a reference to this StringBuffer object.

append

public StringBuffer append(char[] str,
                           int offset,
                           int len)

Appends the string representation of a subarray of the char array argument to this sequence. string buffer.

Characters of the char character array str, starting at index offset, are appended, in order, to the contents of this sequence. string buffer. The length of this sequence string buffer increases by the value of len.

The overall effect is exactly as if the arguments were converted to a string by the method String.valueOf(char[],int,int) and the characters of that string were then appended to this character sequence. StringBuffer object.

Parameters:

str - the characters to be appended.

offset - the index of the first char character to append.

len - the number of chars characters to append.

Returns:

a reference to this StringBuffer object.

append

public StringBuffer append(boolean b)

Appends the string representation of the boolean argument to the sequence. string buffer.

The argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then appended to this sequence. string buffer.

Parameters:

b - a boolean.

Returns:

a reference to this object. StringBuffer.

See Also:

String.valueOf(boolean) , append(java.lang.String)

append

public StringBuffer append(char c)

Appends the string representation of the char argument to this sequence. string buffer.

The argument is appended to the contents of this sequence. string buffer. The length of this sequence string buffer increases by 1.

The overall effect is exactly as if the argument were converted to a string by the method String.valueOf(char) and the character in that string were then appended to this character sequence. StringBuffer object.

Specified by:

append in interface Appendable

Parameters:

c - a char.

Returns:

a reference to this StringBuffer object.

append

public StringBuffer append(int i)

Appends the string representation of the int argument to this sequence. string buffer.

The argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then appended to this sequence. string buffer.

Parameters:

i - an int.

Returns:

a reference to this StringBuffer object.

See Also:

String.valueOf(int) , append(java.lang.String)

appendCodePoint

public StringBufferappendCodePoint (int codePoint) 

Appends the string representation of the codePoint argument to this sequence.

The argument is appended to the contents of this sequence. The length of this sequence increases by Character.charCount(codePoint) .

The overall effect is exactly as if the argument were converted to a char array by the method Character.toChars(int) and the character in that array were then appended to this character sequence.

Parameters:

codePoint - a Unicode code point

Returns:

a reference to this object.

Since:

1.5

append

public StringBuffer append(long lng) (long l) 

Appends the string representation of the long argument to this sequence. string buffer.

The argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then appended to this sequence. string buffer.

Parameters:

lng l - a long.

Returns:

a reference to this StringBuffer object.

See Also:

String.valueOf(long) , append(java.lang.String)

append

public StringBuffer append(float f)

Appends the string representation of the float argument to this sequence. string buffer.

The argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then appended to this string sequence. buffer.

Parameters:

f - a float.

Returns:

a reference to this StringBuffer object.

See Also:

String.valueOf(float) , append(java.lang.String)

append

public StringBuffer append(double d)

Appends the string representation of the double argument to this sequence. string buffer.

The argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then appended to this sequence. string buffer.

Parameters:

d - a double.

Returns:

a reference to this StringBuffer object.

See Also:

String.valueOf(double) , append(java.lang.String)

delete

public StringBuffer delete(int start,
                           int end)

Removes the characters in a substring of this sequence. StringBuffer. The substring begins at the specified start and extends to the character at index end - 1 or to the end of the sequence StringBuffer if no such character exists. If start is equal to end, no changes are made.

Parameters:

start - The beginning index, inclusive.

end - The ending index, exclusive.

Returns:

This object. This string buffer.

Throws:

StringIndexOutOfBoundsException - if start is negative, greater than length(), or greater than end.

Since:

1.2

deleteCharAt

public StringBuffer deleteCharAt(int index)

Removes the character at the specified position in this sequence. This sequence is shortened StringBuffer (shortening the StringBuffer by one character. character).

Parameters:

index - Index of character to remove

Returns:

This object. This string buffer.

Throws:

StringIndexOutOfBoundsException - if the index is negative or greater than or equal to length().

Since:

1.2

replace

public StringBuffer replace(int start,
                            int end,
                            String str)

Replaces the characters in a substring of this sequence StringBuffer with characters in the specified String. The substring begins at the specified start and extends to the character at index end - 1 or to the end of the sequence StringBuffer if no such character exists. First the characters in the substring are removed and then the specified String is inserted at start. (This sequence (The StringBuffer will be lengthened to accommodate the specified String if necessary.)

Parameters:

start - The beginning index, inclusive.

end - The ending index, exclusive.

str - String that will replace previous contents.

Returns:

This object. This string buffer.

Throws:

StringIndexOutOfBoundsException - if start is negative, greater than length(), or greater than end.

Since:

1.2

substring

public String substring(int start)

Returns a new String that contains a subsequence of characters currently contained in this character sequence. The StringBuffer.The substring begins at the specified index and extends to the end of this sequence. the StringBuffer.

Parameters:

start - The beginning index, inclusive.

Returns:

The new string.

Throws:

StringIndexOutOfBoundsException - if start is less than zero, or greater than the length of this StringBuffer.

Since:

1.2

subSequence

public CharSequence subSequence(int start,
                                int end)

Returns a new character sequence that is a subsequence of this sequence.

An invocation of this method of the form

 sb.subSequence(begin, end)

behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation

 sb.substring(begin, end)

This method is provided so that this the StringBuffer class can implement the CharSequence interface.

Specified by:

subSequence in interface CharSequence

Parameters:

start - the start index, inclusive.

end - the end index, exclusive.

Returns:

the specified subsequence.

Throws:

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if start or end are negative, if end is greater than length() , or if start is greater than end

Since:

1.4

substring

public String substring(int start,
                        int end)

Returns a new String that contains a subsequence of characters currently contained in this sequence. StringBuffer. The substring begins at the specified start and extends to the character at index end - 1. An exception is thrown if

Parameters:

start - The beginning index, inclusive.

end - The ending index, exclusive.

Returns:

The new string.

Throws:

StringIndexOutOfBoundsException - if start or end are negative or greater than length(), or start is greater than end.

Since:

1.2

insert

public StringBuffer insert(int index,
                           char[] str,
                           int offset,
                           int len)

Inserts the string representation of a subarray of the str array argument into this sequence. string buffer. The subarray begins at the specified offset and extends len chars. characters. The characters of the subarray are inserted into this sequence string buffer at the position indicated by index. The length of this sequence StringBuffer increases by len chars. characters.

Parameters:

index - position at which to insert subarray.

str - A char character array.

offset - the index of the first char character in subarray to to be inserted.

len - the number of chars characters in the subarray to to be inserted.

Returns:

This object This string buffer.

Throws:

StringIndexOutOfBoundsException - if index is negative or greater than length(), or offset or len are negative, or (offset+len) is greater than str.length.

Since:

1.2

insert

public StringBuffer insert(int offset,
                           Object obj)

Inserts the string representation of the Object argument into this character sequence. string buffer.

The second argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then inserted into this sequence string buffer at the indicated offset.

The offset argument must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than or equal to the length of this sequence. string buffer.

Parameters:

offset - the offset.

obj - an Object.

Returns:

a reference to this StringBuffer object.

Throws:

StringIndexOutOfBoundsException - if the offset is invalid.

See Also:

String.valueOf(java.lang.Object) , insert(int, java.lang.String) , length()

insert

public StringBuffer insert(int offset,
                           String str)

Inserts the string into this character sequence. string buffer.

The characters of the String argument are inserted, in order, into this sequence string buffer at the indicated offset, moving up any characters originally above that position and increasing the length of this sequence string buffer by the length of the argument. If str is null, then the four characters "null" are inserted into this sequence. string buffer.

The character at index k in the new character sequence is equal to:

• the character at index k in the old character sequence, if k is less than offset
• the character at index k -offset in the argument str, if k is not less than offset but is less than offset+str.length()
• the character at index k -str.length() in the old character sequence, if k is not less than offset+str.length()

The offset argument must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than or equal to the length of this sequence. string buffer.

Parameters:

offset - the offset.

str - a string.

Returns:

a reference to this StringBuffer object.

Throws:

StringIndexOutOfBoundsException - if the offset is invalid.

See Also:

length()

insert

public StringBuffer insert(int offset,
                           char[] str)

Inserts the string representation of the char array argument into this sequence. string buffer.

The characters of the array argument are inserted into the contents of this sequence string buffer at the position indicated by offset. The length of this sequence string buffer increases by the length of the argument.

The overall effect is exactly as if the argument were converted to a string by the method String.valueOf(char[]) and the characters of that string were then inserted into this character sequence StringBuffer object at the position indicated by offset.

Parameters:

offset - the offset.

str - a character array.

Returns:

a reference to this object.

insert

public StringBufferinsert (int dstOffset,
 CharSequence s) 

Inserts the specified CharSequence into this sequence.

The characters of the CharSequence argument are inserted, in order, into this sequence at the indicated offset, moving up any characters originally above that position and increasing the length of this sequence by the length of the argument s.

The result of this method is exactly the same as if it were an invocation of this object's insert(dstOffset, s, 0, s.length()) method.

If s is null, then the four characters "null" are inserted into this sequence.

a reference to this StringBuffer object.

Parameters: Throws:

dstOffset - the offset.

s - the sequence to be inserted

Returns:

a reference to this object.

Since:

1.5

insert

public StringBufferinsert (int dstOffset,
 CharSequence s,
 int srcOffset,
 int len) 

Inserts a subsequence of the specified CharSequence into this sequence.

The characters of the CharSequence argument are inserted, in order, into this sequence at the indicated offset, moving up any characters originally above that position and increasing the length of this sequence by the length of the argument s.

The character at index k in this sequence becomes equal to:

• the character at index k in this sequence, if k is less than dstOffset
• the character at index k +srcOffset-dstOffset in the argument s, if k is not less than dstOffset but is less than dstOffset+len
• the character at index k -len in this sequence, if k is not less than dstOffset+len

The dstOffset argument must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than or equal to the length of this sequence.

The srcOffset argument must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than or equal to the length of s.

If s is null, then this method inserts characters as if the s parameter was a sequence containing the four characters "null".

- if the offset is invalid.

Parameters:

dstOffset - the offset in this sequence.

s - the sequence to be inserted.

srcOffset - the index of the first character in s to be inserted.

len - the number of characters in s to be inserted.

Returns:

a reference to this object.

Since:

1.5

insert

public StringBuffer insert(int offset,
                           boolean b)

Inserts the string representation of the boolean argument into this sequence. string buffer.

The second argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then inserted into this sequence string buffer at the indicated offset.

The offset argument must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than or equal to the length of this sequence. string buffer.

Parameters:

offset - the offset.

b - a boolean.

Returns:

a reference to this StringBuffer object.

Throws:

StringIndexOutOfBoundsException - if the offset is invalid.

See Also:

String.valueOf(boolean) , insert(int, java.lang.String) , length()

insert

public StringBuffer insert(int offset,
                           char c)

Inserts the string representation of the char argument into this sequence. string buffer.

The second argument is inserted into the contents of this sequence string buffer at the position indicated by offset. The length of this sequence string buffer increases by one.

The overall effect is exactly as if the argument were converted to a string by the method String.valueOf(char) and the character in that string were then inserted into this character sequence StringBuffer object at the position indicated by offset.

The offset argument must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than or equal to the length of this sequence. string buffer.

Parameters:

offset - the offset.

c - a char.

Returns:

a reference to this StringBuffer object.

Throws:

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if the offset is invalid.

See Also:

length()

insert

public StringBuffer insert(int offset,
                           int i)

Inserts the string representation of the second int argument into this sequence. string buffer.

The second argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then inserted into this sequence string buffer at the indicated offset.

The offset argument must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than or equal to the length of this sequence. string buffer.

Parameters:

offset - the offset.

i - an int.

Returns:

a reference to this StringBuffer object.

Throws:

StringIndexOutOfBoundsException - if the offset is invalid.

See Also:

String.valueOf(int) , insert(int, java.lang.String) , length()

insert

public StringBuffer insert(int offset,
                           long l)

Inserts the string representation of the long argument into this sequence. string buffer.

The second argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then inserted into this sequence string buffer at the position indicated by offset.

The offset argument must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than or equal to the length of this sequence. string buffer.

Parameters:

offset - the offset.

l - a long.

Returns:

a reference to this StringBuffer object.

Throws:

StringIndexOutOfBoundsException - if the offset is invalid.

See Also:

String.valueOf(long) , insert(int, java.lang.String) , length()

insert

public StringBuffer insert(int offset,
                           float f)

Inserts the string representation of the float argument into this sequence. string buffer.

The second argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then inserted into this sequence string buffer at the indicated offset.

The offset argument must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than or equal to the length of this sequence. string buffer.

Parameters:

offset - the offset.

f - a float.

Returns:

a reference to this StringBuffer object.

Throws:

StringIndexOutOfBoundsException - if the offset is invalid.

See Also:

String.valueOf(float) , insert(int, java.lang.String) , length()

insert

public StringBuffer insert(int offset,
                           double d)

Inserts the string representation of the double argument into this sequence. string buffer.

The second argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then inserted into this sequence string buffer at the indicated offset.

The offset argument must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than or equal to the length of this sequence. string buffer.

Parameters:

offset - the offset.

d - a double.

Returns:

a reference to this StringBuffer object.

Throws:

StringIndexOutOfBoundsException - if the offset is invalid.

See Also:

String.valueOf(double) , insert(int, java.lang.String) , length()

indexOf

public int indexOf(String str)

Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring. The integer returned is the smallest value k such that:

 this.toString().startsWith(str, k)
 

is true.

Parameters:

str - any string.

Returns:

if the string argument occurs as a substring within this object, then the index of the first character of the first such substring is returned; if it does not occur as a substring, -1 is returned.

Throws:

NullPointerException - if str is null.

Since:

1.4

indexOf

public int indexOf(String str,
                   int fromIndex)

Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring, starting at the specified index. The integer returned is the smallest value k for which:

     k >= Math.min(fromIndex, str.length()) &&
                   this.toString().startsWith(str, k)
 

If no such value of k exists, then -1 is returned.

Parameters:

str - the substring for which to search.

fromIndex - the index from which to start the search.

Returns:

the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring, starting at the specified index.

Throws:

NullPointerException - if str is null.

Since:

1.4

lastIndexOf

public int lastIndexOf(String str)

Returns the index within this string of the rightmost occurrence of the specified substring. The rightmost empty string "" is considered to occur at the index value this.length(). The returned index is the largest value k such that

 this.toString().startsWith(str, k)
 

is true.

Parameters:

str - the substring to search for.

Returns:

if the string argument occurs one or more times as a substring within this object, then the index of the first character of the last such substring is returned. If it does not occur as a substring, -1 is returned.

Throws:

NullPointerException - if str is null.

Since:

1.4

lastIndexOf

public int lastIndexOf(String str,
                       int fromIndex)

Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified substring. The integer returned is the largest value k such that:

     k <= Math.min(fromIndex, str.length()) &&
                   this.toString().startsWith(str, k)
 

If no such value of k exists, then -1 is returned.

Parameters:

str - the substring to search for.

fromIndex - the index to start the search from.

Returns:

the index within this sequence string of the last occurrence of the specified substring.

Throws:

NullPointerException - if str is null.

Since:

1.4

reverse

public StringBuffer reverse()

Causes this character sequence to be replaced by the reverse of the sequence. If there are any surrogate pairs included in the sequence, these are treated as single characters for the reverse operation. Thus, the order of the high-low surrogates is never reversed. The character sequence contained in this string buffer is replaced by the reverse of the sequence.

Let n be the character length of this the old character sequence (not sequence, the length one contained in char values) the string buffer just prior to execution of the reverse method. Then the characrer character at index k in the new character sequence is equal to the character at index n-k-1 in the old character sequence.

Note that the reverse operation may result in producing surrogate pairs that were unpaired low-surrogates and high-surrogates before the operation. For example, reversing "\uDC00\uD800" produces "\uD800\uDC00" which is a valid surrogate pair.

Returns:

a reference to this StringBuffer object.

Since:

JDK1.0.2

toString

public String toString()

Returns Converts to a string representing the data in this sequence. string buffer. A new String object is allocated and initialized to contain the character sequence currently represented by this object. string buffer. This String is then returned. Subsequent changes to this sequence the string buffer do not affect the contents of the String.

Implementation advice: This method can be coded so as to create a new String object without allocating new memory to hold a copy of the character sequence. Instead, the string can share the memory used by the string buffer. Any subsequent operation that alters the content or capacity of the string buffer must then make a copy of the internal buffer at that time. This strategy is effective for reducing the amount of memory allocated by a string concatenation operation when it is implemented using a string buffer.

Specified by:

toString in interface CharSequence

Overrides:

toString in class Object

Returns:

a string representation of this sequence of characters. the string buffer.