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java.io
Class PrintStream
java.lang.Object
java.io.OutputStream
java.io.FilterOutputStream
java.io.PrintStream
-
All Implemented Interfaces:
-
Closeable
,
Flushable
,
Appendable
-
Direct Known Subclasses:
-
LogStream
-
public class PrintStream
- extends FilterOutputStream
- implements Appendable, Closeable
A PrintStream adds functionality to another output stream, namely the ability to print representations of various data values conveniently. Two other features are provided as well. Unlike other output streams, a PrintStream never throws an IOException; instead, exceptional situations merely set an internal flag that can be tested via the checkError method. Optionally, a PrintStream can be created so as to flush automatically; this means that the flush method is automatically invoked after a byte array is written, one of the println methods is invoked, or a newline character or byte ('\n') is written.
All characters printed by a PrintStream are converted into bytes using the platform's default character encoding. The
PrintWriter
class should be used in situations that require writing characters rather than bytes.
-
Since:
-
JDK1.0
Fields inherited from class java.io.
FilterOutputStream
|
out
|
Constructor Summary
|
PrintStream
(
File
file)
Creates a new print stream, without automatic line flushing, with the specified file. |
PrintStream
(
File
file,
String
csn)
Creates a new print stream, without automatic line flushing, with the specified file and charset. |
PrintStream
(
OutputStream
out)
Create a new print stream. |
PrintStream
(
OutputStream
out, boolean autoFlush)
Create a new print stream. |
PrintStream
(
OutputStream
out, boolean autoFlush,
String
encoding)
Create a new print stream. |
PrintStream
(
String
fileName)
Creates a new print stream, without automatic line flushing, with the specified file name. |
PrintStream
(
String
fileName,
String
csn)
Creates a new print stream, without automatic line flushing, with the specified file name and charset. |
Method Summary
|
PrintStream
|
append
(char c)
Appends the specified character to this output stream. |
PrintStream
|
append
(
CharSequence
csq)
Appends the specified character sequence to this output stream. |
PrintStream
|
append
(
CharSequence
Appends a subsequence of the specified character sequence to this output stream.
|
boolean |
checkError
()
Flush the stream and check its error state. |
void |
close
()
Close the stream. |
void |
flush
()
Flush the stream. |
PrintStream
|
format
(
Locale
l,
String
format,
Object
... args)
Writes a formatted string to this output stream using the specified format string and arguments. |
PrintStream
|
format
(
String
format,
Object
... args)
Writes a formatted string to this output stream using the specified format string and arguments. |
void |
print
(boolean b)
Print a boolean value. |
void |
print
(char c)
Print a character. |
void |
print
(char[] s)
Print an array of characters. |
void |
print
(double d)
Print a double-precision floating-point number. |
void |
print
(float f)
Print a floating-point number. |
void |
print
(int i)
Print an integer. |
void |
print
(long l)
Print a long integer. |
void |
print
(
Object
obj)
Print an object. |
void |
print
(
String
s)
Print a string. |
PrintStream
|
printf
(
Locale
l,
String
format,
Object
... args)
A convenience method to write a formatted string to this output stream using the specified format string and arguments. |
PrintStream
|
printf
(
String
format,
Object
... args)
A convenience method to write a formatted string to this output stream using the specified format string and arguments. |
void |
println
()
Terminate the current line by writing the line separator string. |
void |
println
(boolean x)
Print a boolean and then terminate the line. |
void |
println
(char x)
Print a character and then terminate the line. |
void |
println
(char[] x)
Print an array of characters and then terminate the line. |
void |
println
(double x)
Print a double and then terminate the line. |
void |
println
(float x)
Print a float and then terminate the line. |
void |
println
(int x)
Print an integer and then terminate the line. |
void |
println
(long x)
Print a long and then terminate the line. |
void |
println
(
Object
x)
Print an Object and then terminate the line. |
void |
println
(
String
x)
Print a String and then terminate the line. |
protected void |
setError
()
Set the error state of the stream to true. |
void |
write
(byte[] buf, int off, int len)
Write len bytes from the specified byte array starting at offset off to this stream. |
void |
write
(int b)
Write the specified byte to this stream. |
Methods inherited from class java.io.
FilterOutputStream
|
write
|
Methods inherited from class java.lang.
Object
|
clone
,
equals
,
finalize
,
getClass
,
hashCode
,
notify
,
notifyAll
,
toString
,
wait
,
wait
,
wait
|
PrintStream
public PrintStream(OutputStream out)
-
Create a new print stream. This stream will not flush automatically.
-
Parameters:
-
out - The output stream to which values and objects will be printed
-
See Also:
-
PrintWriter.PrintWriter(java.io.OutputStream)
PrintStream
public PrintStream(OutputStream out,
boolean autoFlush)
-
Create a new print stream.
-
Parameters:
-
out - The output stream to which values and objects will be printed
-
autoFlush - A boolean; if true, the output buffer will be flushed whenever a byte array is written, one of the println methods is invoked, or a newline character or byte ('\n') is written
-
See Also:
-
PrintWriter.PrintWriter(java.io.OutputStream, boolean)
PrintStream
public PrintStream(OutputStream out,
boolean autoFlush,
String encoding)
throws UnsupportedEncodingException
-
Create a new print stream.
-
Parameters:
-
out - The output stream to which values and objects will be printed
-
autoFlush - A boolean; if true, the output buffer will be flushed whenever a byte array is written, one of the println methods is invoked, or a newline character or byte ('\n') is written
-
encoding - The name of a supported
character encoding
-
Throws:
-
UnsupportedEncodingException
- If the named encoding is not supported
PrintStream
public PrintStream(String fileName)
throws FileNotFoundException
-
Creates a new print stream, without automatic line flushing, with the specified file name. This convenience constructor creates the necessary intermediate
OutputStreamWriter
, which will encode characters using the
default charset
for this instance of the Java virtual machine.
-
Parameters:
-
fileName - The name of the file to use as the destination of this print stream. If the file exists, then it will be truncated to zero size; otherwise, a new file will be created. The output will be written to the file and is buffered.
-
Throws:
-
FileNotFoundException
- If the given file object does not denote an existing, writable regular file and a new regular file of that name cannot be created, or if some other error occurs while opening or creating the file
-
SecurityException
- If a security manager is present and
checkWrite(fileName)
denies write access to the file
-
Since:
-
1.5
PrintStream
public PrintStream(String fileName,
String csn)
throws FileNotFoundException,
UnsupportedEncodingException
-
Creates a new print stream, without automatic line flushing, with the specified file name and charset. This convenience constructor creates the necessary intermediate
OutputStreamWriter
, which will encode characters using the provided charset.
-
Parameters:
-
fileName - The name of the file to use as the destination of this print stream. If the file exists, then it will be truncated to zero size; otherwise, a new file will be created. The output will be written to the file and is buffered.
-
csn - The name of a supported
charset
-
Throws:
-
FileNotFoundException
- If the given file object does not denote an existing, writable regular file and a new regular file of that name cannot be created, or if some other error occurs while opening or creating the file
-
SecurityException
- If a security manager is present and
checkWrite(fileName)
denies write access to the file
-
UnsupportedEncodingException
- If the named charset is not supported
-
Since:
-
1.5
PrintStream
public PrintStream(File file)
throws FileNotFoundException
-
Creates a new print stream, without automatic line flushing, with the specified file. This convenience constructor creates the necessary intermediate
OutputStreamWriter
, which will encode characters using the
default charset
for this instance of the Java virtual machine.
-
Parameters:
-
file - The file to use as the destination of this print stream. If the file exists, then it will be truncated to zero size; otherwise, a new file will be created. The output will be written to the file and is buffered.
-
Throws:
-
FileNotFoundException
- If the given file object does not denote an existing, writable regular file and a new regular file of that name cannot be created, or if some other error occurs while opening or creating the file
-
SecurityException
- If a security manager is present and
checkWrite(file.getPath())
denies write access to the file
-
Since:
-
1.5
PrintStream
public PrintStream(File file,
String csn)
throws FileNotFoundException,
UnsupportedEncodingException
-
Creates a new print stream, without automatic line flushing, with the specified file and charset. This convenience constructor creates the necessary intermediate
OutputStreamWriter
, which will encode characters using the provided charset.
-
Parameters:
-
file - The file to use as the destination of this print stream. If the file exists, then it will be truncated to zero size; otherwise, a new file will be created. The output will be written to the file and is buffered.
-
csn - The name of a supported
charset
-
Throws:
-
FileNotFoundException
- If the given file object does not denote an existing, writable regular file and a new regular file of that name cannot be created, or if some other error occurs while opening or creating the file
-
SecurityException
- If a security manager is presentand
checkWrite(file.getPath())
denies write access to the file
-
UnsupportedEncodingException
- If the named charset is not supported
-
Since:
-
1.5
flush
public void flush()
-
Flush the stream. This is done by writing any buffered output bytes to the underlying output stream and then flushing that stream.
-
-
Specified by:
-
flush
in interface
Flushable
-
Overrides:
-
flush
in class
FilterOutputStream
-
-
See Also:
-
OutputStream.flush()
close
public void close()
-
Close the stream. This is done by flushing the stream and then closing the underlying output stream.
-
-
Specified by:
-
close
in interface
Closeable
-
Overrides:
-
close
in class
FilterOutputStream
-
-
See Also:
-
OutputStream.close()
checkError
public boolean checkError()
-
Flush the stream and check its error state. The internal error state is set to true when the underlying output stream throws an IOException other than InterruptedIOException, and when the setError method is invoked. If an operation on the underlying output stream throws an InterruptedIOException, then the PrintStream converts the exception back into an interrupt by doing:
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
or the equivalent.
-
-
-
Returns:
-
True if and only if this stream has encountered an IOException other than InterruptedIOException, or the setError method has been invoked
setError
protected void setError()
-
Set the error state of the stream to true.
-
-
-
Since:
-
JDK1.1
write
public void write(int b)
-
Write the specified byte to this stream. If the byte is a newline and automatic flushing is enabled then the flush method will be invoked.
Note that the byte is written as given; to write a character that will be translated according to the platform's default character encoding, use the print(char) or println(char) methods.
-
-
Overrides:
-
write
in class
FilterOutputStream
-
-
Parameters:
-
b - The byte to be written
-
See Also:
-
print(char)
,
println(char)
write
public void write(byte[] buf,
int off,
int len)
-
Write len bytes from the specified byte array starting at offset off to this stream. If automatic flushing is enabled then the flush method will be invoked.
Note that the bytes will be written as given; to write characters that will be translated according to the platform's default character encoding, use the print(char) or println(char) methods.
-
-
Overrides:
-
write
in class
FilterOutputStream
-
-
Parameters:
-
buf - A byte array
-
off - Offset from which to start taking bytes
-
len - Number of bytes to write
-
See Also:
-
FilterOutputStream.write(int)
print
public void print(boolean b)
-
Print a boolean value. The string produced by
String.valueOf(boolean)
is translated into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the
write(int)
method.
-
-
-
Parameters:
-
b - The boolean to be printed
print
public void print(char c)
-
Print a character. The character is translated into one or more bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the
write(int)
method.
-
-
-
Parameters:
-
c - The char to be printed
print
public void print(int i)
-
Print an integer. The string produced by
String.valueOf(int)
is translated into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the
write(int)
method.
-
-
-
Parameters:
-
i - The int to be printed
-
See Also:
-
Integer.toString(int)
print
public void print(long l)
-
Print a long integer. The string produced by
String.valueOf(long)
is translated into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the
write(int)
method.
-
-
-
Parameters:
-
l - The long to be printed
-
See Also:
-
Long.toString(long)
print
public void print(float f)
-
Print a floating-point number. The string produced by
String.valueOf(float)
is translated into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the
write(int)
method.
-
-
-
Parameters:
-
f - The float to be printed
-
See Also:
-
Float.toString(float)
print
public void print(double d)
-
Print a double-precision floating-point number. The string produced by
String.valueOf(double)
is translated into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the
write(int)
method.
-
-
-
Parameters:
-
d - The double to be printed
-
See Also:
-
Double.toString(double)
print
public void print(char[] s)
-
Print an array of characters. The characters are converted into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the
write(int)
method.
-
-
-
Parameters:
-
s - The array of chars to be printed
-
Throws:
-
NullPointerException
- If s is null
print
public void print(String s)
-
Print a string. If the argument is null then the string "null" is printed. Otherwise, the string's characters are converted into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the
write(int)
method.
-
-
-
Parameters:
-
s - The String to be printed
print
public void print(Object obj)
-
Print an object. The string produced by the
String.valueOf(Object)
method is translated into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the
write(int)
method.
-
-
-
Parameters:
-
obj - The Object to be printed
-
See Also:
-
Object.toString()
println
public void println()
-
Terminate the current line by writing the line separator string. The line separator string is defined by the system property line.separator, and is not necessarily a single newline character ('\n').
-
-
println
public void println(boolean x)
-
Print a boolean and then terminate the line. This method behaves as though it invokes
print(boolean)
and then
println()
.
-
-
-
Parameters:
-
x - The boolean to be printed
println
public void println(char x)
-
Print a character and then terminate the line. This method behaves as though it invokes
print(char)
and then
println()
.
-
-
-
Parameters:
-
x - The char to be printed.
println
public void println(int x)
-
Print an integer and then terminate the line. This method behaves as though it invokes
print(int)
and then
println()
.
-
-
-
Parameters:
-
x - The int to be printed.
println
public void println(long x)
-
Print a long and then terminate the line. This method behaves as though it invokes
print(long)
and then
println()
.
-
-
-
Parameters:
-
x - a The long to be printed.
println
public void println(float x)
-
Print a float and then terminate the line. This method behaves as though it invokes
print(float)
and then
println()
.
-
-
-
Parameters:
-
x - The float to be printed.
println
public void println(double x)
-
Print a double and then terminate the line. This method behaves as though it invokes
print(double)
and then
println()
.
-
-
-
Parameters:
-
x - The double to be printed.
println
public void println(char[] x)
-
Print an array of characters and then terminate the line. This method behaves as though it invokes
print(char[])
and then
println()
.
-
-
-
Parameters:
-
x - an array of chars to print.
println
public void println(String x)
-
Print a String and then terminate the line. This method behaves as though it invokes
print(String)
and then
println()
.
-
-
-
Parameters:
-
x - The String to be printed.
println
public void println(Object x)
-
Print an Object and then terminate the line. This method behaves as though it invokes
print(Object)
and then
println()
.
-
-
-
Parameters:
-
x - The Object to be printed.
printf
public PrintStream printf(String format,
Object... args)
-
A convenience method to write a formatted string to this output stream using the specified format string and arguments.
An invocation of this method of the form
out.printf(format, args)
behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation
out.format(format, args)
-
-
-
Parameters:
-
format - A format string as described in
Format string syntax
-
args - Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the extra arguments are ignored. The number of arguments is variable and may be zero. The maximum number of arguments is limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined by the
Java Virtual Machine Specification
. The behaviour on a
null
argument depends on the
conversion
.
-
Returns:
-
This output stream
-
Throws:
-
IllegalFormatException - If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments, insufficient arguments given the format string, or other illegal conditions. For specification of all possible formatting errors, see the
Details
section of the formatter class specification.
-
NullPointerException
- If the
format
is
null
-
Since:
-
1.5
printf
public PrintStream printf(Locale l,
String format,
Object... args)
-
A convenience method to write a formatted string to this output stream using the specified format string and arguments.
An invocation of this method of the form
out.printf(l, format, args)
behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation
out.format(l, format, args)
-
-
-
Parameters:
-
l - The
locale
to apply
during
durring
formatting. If
l
is
null
then no localization is applied.-
format - A format string as described in
Format string syntax
-
args - Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the extra arguments are ignored. The number of arguments is variable and may be zero. The maximum number of arguments is limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined by the
Java Virtual Machine Specification
. The behaviour on a
null
argument depends on the
conversion
.
-
Returns:
-
This output stream
-
Throws:
-
IllegalFormatException - If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments, insufficient arguments given the format string, or other illegal conditions. For specification of all possible formatting errors, see the
Details
section of the formatter class specification.
-
NullPointerException
- If the
format
is
null
-
Since:
-
1.5
format
public PrintStream format(String format,
Object... args)
-
Writes a formatted string to this output stream using the specified format string and arguments.
The locale always used is the one returned by
Locale.getDefault()
, regardless of any previous invocations of other formatting methods on this object.
-
-
-
Parameters:
-
format - A format string as described in
Format string syntax
-
args - Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the extra arguments are ignored. The number of arguments is variable and may be zero. The maximum number of arguments is limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined by the
Java Virtual Machine Specification
. The behaviour on a
null
argument depends on the
conversion
.
-
Returns:
-
This output stream
-
Throws:
-
IllegalFormatException - If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments, insufficient arguments given the format string, or other illegal conditions. For specification of all possible formatting errors, see the
Details
section of the formatter class specification.
-
NullPointerException
- If the
format
is
null
-
Since:
-
1.5
format
public PrintStream format(Locale l,
String format,
Object... args)
-
Writes a formatted string to this output stream using the specified format string and arguments.
-
-
-
Parameters:
-
l - The
locale
to apply
during
durring
formatting. If
l
is
null
then no localization is applied.-
format - A format string as described in
Format string syntax
-
args - Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the extra arguments are ignored. The number of arguments is variable and may be zero. The maximum number of arguments is limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined by the
Java Virtual Machine Specification
. The behaviour on a
null
argument depends on the
conversion
.
-
Returns:
-
This output stream
-
Throws:
-
IllegalFormatException - If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments, insufficient arguments given the format string, or other illegal conditions. For specification of all possible formatting errors, see the
Details
section of the formatter class specification.
-
NullPointerException
- If the
format
is
null
-
Since:
-
1.5
append
public PrintStream append(CharSequence csq)
-
Appends the specified character sequence to this output stream.
An invocation of this method of the form
out.append(csq)
behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation
out.print(csq.toString())
Depending on the specification of
toString
for the character sequence
csq
, the entire sequence may not be appended. appended. For instance, invoking then
toString
method of a character buffer will return a subsequence whose content depends upon the buffer's position and limit.
-
-
Specified by:
-
append
in interface
Appendable
-
-
Parameters:
-
csq - The character sequence to append. If
csq
is
null
, then the four characters
"null"
are appended to this output stream.
-
Returns:
-
This character stream
-
Since:
-
1.5
append
public PrintStreamappend ( CharSequence csq,
int start,
int end)
-
Appends a subsequence of the specified character sequence to this output stream.
An invocation of this method of the form
out.append(csq, start, end)
when
csq
is not
null
, behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation
out.print(csq.subSequence(start, end).toString())
-
-
Specified by:
-
append
in interface
Appendable
-
-
Parameters:
-
csq - The character sequence from which a subsequence will be appended. If
csq
is
null
, then characters will be appended as if
csq
contained the four characters
"null"
.
-
start - The index of the first character in the subsequence
-
end - The index of the character following the last character in the subsequence
-
Returns:
-
This character stream
-
Throws:
-
IndexOutOfBoundsException
- If
start
or
end
are negative,
start
is greater than
end
, or
end
is greater than
csq.length()
-
Since:
-
1.5
append
public PrintStream append(char c)
-
Appends the specified character to this output stream.
An invocation of this method of the form
out.append(c)
behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation
out.print(c)
-
-
Specified by:
-
append
in interface
Appendable
-
-
Parameters:
-
c - The 16-bit character to append
-
Returns:
-
This output stream
-
Since:
-
1.5