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java.sql
Interface PreparedStatement

All Superinterfaces:
Statement
All Known Subinterfaces:
CallableStatement 
public interface PreparedStatement
extends Statement

An object that represents a precompiled SQL statement.

A SQL statement is precompiled and stored in a PreparedStatement object. This object can then be used to efficiently execute this statement multiple times.

Note: The setter methods (setShort, setString, and so on) for setting IN parameter values must specify types that are compatible with the defined SQL type of the input parameter. For instance, if the IN parameter has SQL type INTEGER, then the method setInt should be used.

If arbitrary parameter type conversions are required, the method setObject should be used with a target SQL type.

In the following example of setting a parameter, con represents an active connection: 


   PreparedStatement pstmt = con.prepareStatement("UPDATE EMPLOYEES
                                     SET SALARY = ? WHERE ID = ?");
   pstmt.setBigDecimal(1, 153833.00)
   pstmt.setInt(2, 110592)

See Also:
Connection.prepareStatement(java.lang.String) , ResultSet

Field Summary
 
Fields inherited from interface java.sql. Statement
CLOSE_ALL_RESULTS , CLOSE_CURRENT_RESULT , EXECUTE_FAILED , KEEP_CURRENT_RESULT , NO_GENERATED_KEYS , RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS , SUCCESS_NO_INFO
 
Method Summary
 void addBatch ()
          Adds a set of parameters to this PreparedStatement object's batch of commands.
 void clearParameters ()
          Clears the current parameter values immediately.
 boolean execute ()
          Executes the SQL statement in this PreparedStatement object, which may be any kind of SQL statement.
  ResultSet executeQuery ()
          Executes the SQL query in this PreparedStatement object and returns the ResultSet object generated by the query.
 int executeUpdate ()
          Executes the SQL statement in this PreparedStatement object, which must be an SQL INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement; or an SQL statement that returns nothing, such as a DDL statement.
  ResultSetMetaData getMetaData ()
          Retrieves a ResultSetMetaData object that contains information about the columns of the ResultSet object that will be returned when this PreparedStatement object is executed.
  ParameterMetaData getParameterMetaData ()
          Retrieves the number, types and properties of this PreparedStatement object's parameters.
 void setArray (int i, Array  x)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given Array object.
 void setAsciiStream (int parameterIndex, InputStream  x, int length)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have the specified number of bytes.
 void setBigDecimal (int parameterIndex, BigDecimal  x)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given java.math.BigDecimal value.
 void setBinaryStream (int parameterIndex, InputStream  x, int length)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have the specified number of bytes.
 void setBlob (int i, Blob  x)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given Blob object.
 void setBoolean (int parameterIndex, boolean x)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given Java boolean value.
 void setByte (int parameterIndex, byte x)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given Java byte value.
 void setBytes (int parameterIndex, byte[] x)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given Java array of bytes.
 void setCharacterStream (int parameterIndex, Reader  reader, int length)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given Reader object, which is the given number of characters long.
 void setClob (int i, Clob  x)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given Clob object.
 void setDate (int parameterIndex, Date  x)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Date value.
 void setDate (int parameterIndex, Date  x, Calendar  cal)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Date value, using the given Calendar object.
 void setDouble (int parameterIndex, double x)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given Java double value.
 void setFloat (int parameterIndex, float x)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given Java float value.
 void setInt (int parameterIndex, int x)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given Java int value.
 void setLong (int parameterIndex, long x)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given Java long value.
 void setNull (int parameterIndex, int sqlType)
          Sets the designated parameter to SQL NULL.
 void setNull (int paramIndex, int sqlType, String  typeName)
          Sets the designated parameter to SQL NULL.
 void setObject (int parameterIndex, Object  x)
          Sets the value of the designated parameter using the given object.
 void setObject (int parameterIndex, Object  x, int targetSqlType)
          Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object.
 void setObject (int parameterIndex, Object  x, int targetSqlType, int scale)
          Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object.
 void setRef (int i, Ref  x)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given REF(<structured-type>) value.
 void setShort (int parameterIndex, short x)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given Java short value.
 void setString (int parameterIndex, String  x)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given Java String value.
 void setTime (int parameterIndex, Time  x)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Time value.
 void setTime (int parameterIndex, Time  x, Calendar  cal)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Time value, using the given Calendar object.
 void setTimestamp (int parameterIndex, Timestamp  x)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Timestamp value.
 void setTimestamp (int parameterIndex, Timestamp  x, Calendar  cal)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Timestamp value, using the given Calendar object.
 void setUnicodeStream (int parameterIndex, InputStream  x, int length)
           Deprecated.    
 void setURL (int parameterIndex, URL  x)
          Sets the designated parameter to the given java.net.URL value.
 
Methods inherited from interface java.sql. Statement
addBatch , cancel , clearBatch , clearWarnings , close , execute , execute , execute , execute , executeBatch , executeQuery , executeUpdate , executeUpdate , executeUpdate , executeUpdate , getConnection , getFetchDirection , getFetchSize , getGeneratedKeys , getMaxFieldSize , getMaxRows , getMoreResults , getMoreResults , getQueryTimeout , getResultSet , getResultSetConcurrency , getResultSetHoldability , getResultSetType , getUpdateCount , getWarnings , setCursorName , setEscapeProcessing , setFetchDirection , setFetchSize , setMaxFieldSize , setMaxRows , setQueryTimeout
 

Method Detail

executeQuery


ResultSet executeQuery()
                       throws SQLException
Executes the SQL query in this PreparedStatement object and returns the ResultSet object generated by the query.

Returns:
a ResultSet object that contains the data produced by the query; never null
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs or the SQL statement does not return a ResultSet object

executeUpdate


int executeUpdate()
                  throws SQLException
Executes the SQL statement in this PreparedStatement object, which must be an SQL INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement; or an SQL statement that returns nothing, such as a DDL statement.

Returns:
either (1) the row count for INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statements or (2) 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs or the SQL statement returns a ResultSet object

setNull


void setNull(int parameterIndex,
             int sqlType)
             throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to SQL NULL.

Note: You must specify the parameter's SQL type.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
sqlType - the SQL type code defined in java.sql.Types
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setBoolean


void setBoolean(int parameterIndex,
                boolean x)
                throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given Java boolean value. The driver converts this to an SQL BIT value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - the parameter value
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setByte


void setByte(int parameterIndex,
             byte x)
             throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given Java byte value. The driver converts this to an SQL TINYINT value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - the parameter value
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setShort


void setShort(int parameterIndex,
              short x)
              throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given Java short value. The driver converts this to an SQL SMALLINT value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - the parameter value
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setInt


void setInt(int parameterIndex,
            int x)
            throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given Java int value. The driver converts this to an SQL INTEGER value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - the parameter value
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setLong


void setLong(int parameterIndex,
             long x)
             throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given Java long value. The driver converts this to an SQL BIGINT value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - the parameter value
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setFloat


void setFloat(int parameterIndex,
              float x)
              throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given Java float value. The driver converts this to an SQL FLOAT value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - the parameter value
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setDouble


void setDouble(int parameterIndex,
               double x)
               throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given Java double value. The driver converts this to an SQL DOUBLE value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - the parameter value
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setBigDecimal


void setBigDecimal(int parameterIndex,
                   BigDecimal x)
                   throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given java.math.BigDecimal value. The driver converts this to an SQL NUMERIC value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - the parameter value
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setString


void setString(int parameterIndex,
               String x)
               throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given Java String value. The driver converts this to an SQL VARCHAR or LONGVARCHAR value (depending on the argument's size relative to the driver's limits on VARCHAR values) when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - the parameter value
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setBytes


void setBytes(int parameterIndex,
              byte[] x)
              throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given Java array of bytes. The driver converts this to an SQL VARBINARY or LONGVARBINARY (depending on the argument's size relative to the driver's limits on VARBINARY values) when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - the parameter value
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setDate


void setDate(int parameterIndex,
             Date x)
             throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Date value. The driver converts this to an SQL DATE value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - the parameter value
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setTime


void setTime(int parameterIndex,
             Time x)
             throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Time value. The driver converts this to an SQL TIME value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - the parameter value
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setTimestamp


void setTimestamp(int parameterIndex,
                  Timestamp x)
                  throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Timestamp value. The driver converts this to an SQL TIMESTAMP value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - the parameter value
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setAsciiStream


void setAsciiStream(int parameterIndex,
                    InputStream x,
                    int length)
                    throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have the specified number of bytes. When a very large ASCII value is input to a LONGVARCHAR parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a java.io.InputStream. Data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will do any necessary conversion from ASCII to the database char format.

Note: This stream object can either be a standard Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the standard interface.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - the Java input stream that contains the ASCII parameter value
length - the number of bytes in the stream
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setUnicodeStream


 @Deprecated
void setUnicodeStream(int parameterIndex,
 InputStream x,
 int length)
 throws SQLException
Deprecated.  

Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have the specified number of bytes. A Unicode character has two bytes, with the first byte being the high byte, and the second being the low byte. When a very large Unicode value is input to a LONGVARCHAR parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a java.io.InputStream object. The data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will do any necessary conversion from Unicode to the database char format.

Note: This stream object can either be a standard Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the standard interface.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - a java.io.InputStream object that contains the Unicode parameter value as two-byte Unicode characters
length - the number of bytes in the stream
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setBinaryStream


void setBinaryStream(int parameterIndex,
                     InputStream x,
                     int length)
                     throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have the specified number of bytes. When a very large binary value is input to a LONGVARBINARY parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a java.io.InputStream object. The data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached.

Note: This stream object can either be a standard Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the standard interface.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - the java input stream which contains the binary parameter value
length - the number of bytes in the stream
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs

clearParameters


void clearParameters()
                     throws SQLException
Clears the current parameter values immediately.

In general, parameter values remain in force for repeated use of a statement. Setting a parameter value automatically clears its previous value. However, in some cases it is useful to immediately release the resources used by the current parameter values; this can be done by calling the method clearParameters.

Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setObject


void setObject(int parameterIndex,
               Object x,
               int targetSqlType,
               int scale)
               throws SQLException

Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object. The second argument must be an object type; for integral values, the java.lang equivalent objects should be used.

The given Java object will be converted to the given targetSqlType before being sent to the database. If the object has a custom mapping (is of a class implementing the interface SQLData), the JDBC driver should call the method SQLData.writeSQL to write it to the SQL data stream. If, on the other hand, the object is of a class implementing Ref, Blob, Clob, Struct, or Array, the driver should pass it to the database as a value of the corresponding SQL type.

Note that this method may be used to pass database-specific abstract data types.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - the object containing the input parameter value
targetSqlType - the SQL type (as defined in java.sql.Types) to be sent to the database. The scale argument may further qualify this type.
scale - for java.sql.Types.DECIMAL or java.sql.Types.NUMERIC types, this is the number of digits after the decimal point. For all other types, this value will be ignored.
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs
See Also:
Types

setObject


void setObject(int parameterIndex,
               Object x,
               int targetSqlType)
               throws SQLException
Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object. This method is like the method setObject above, except that it assumes a scale of zero.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - the object containing the input parameter value
targetSqlType - the SQL type (as defined in java.sql.Types) to be sent to the database
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setObject


void setObject(int parameterIndex,
               Object x)
               throws SQLException

Sets the value of the designated parameter using the given object. The second parameter must be of type Object; therefore, the java.lang equivalent objects should be used for built-in types.

The JDBC specification specifies a standard mapping from Java Object types to SQL types. The given argument will be converted to the corresponding SQL type before being sent to the database.

Note that this method may be used to pass datatabase- specific abstract data types, by using a driver-specific Java type. If the object is of a class implementing the interface SQLData, the JDBC driver should call the method SQLData.writeSQL to write it to the SQL data stream. If, on the other hand, the object is of a class implementing Ref, Blob, Clob, Struct, or Array, the driver should pass it to the database as a value of the corresponding SQL type.

This method throws an exception if there is an ambiguity, for example, if the object is of a class implementing more than one of the interfaces named above.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - the object containing the input parameter value
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs or the type of the given object is ambiguous

execute


boolean execute()
                throws SQLException
Executes the SQL statement in this PreparedStatement object, which may be any kind of SQL statement. Some prepared statements return multiple results; the execute method handles these complex statements as well as the simpler form of statements handled by the methods executeQuery and executeUpdate.

The execute method returns a boolean to indicate the form of the first result. You must call either the method getResultSet or getUpdateCount to retrieve the result; you must call getMoreResults to move to any subsequent result(s).

Returns:
true if the first result is a ResultSet object; false if the first result is an update count or there is no result
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs or an argument is supplied to this method
See Also:
Statement.execute(java.lang.String) , Statement.getResultSet() , Statement.getUpdateCount() , Statement.getMoreResults()

addBatch


void addBatch()
              throws SQLException
Adds a set of parameters to this PreparedStatement object's batch of commands.

Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs
Since:
1.2
See Also:
Statement.addBatch(java.lang.String)

setCharacterStream


void setCharacterStream(int parameterIndex,
                        Reader reader,
                        int length)
                        throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given Reader object, which is the given number of characters long. When a very large UNICODE value is input to a LONGVARCHAR parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a java.io.Reader object. The data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will do any necessary conversion from UNICODE to the database char format.

Note: This stream object can either be a standard Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the standard interface.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
reader - the java.io.Reader object that contains the Unicode data
length - the number of characters in the stream
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs
Since:
1.2

setRef


void setRef(int i,
            Ref x)
            throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given REF(<structured-type>) value. The driver converts this to an SQL REF value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:
i - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - an SQL REF value
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs
Since:
1.2

setBlob


void setBlob(int i,
             Blob x)
             throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given Blob object. The driver converts this to an SQL BLOB value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:
i - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - a Blob object that maps an SQL BLOB value
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs
Since:
1.2

setClob


void setClob(int i,
             Clob x)
             throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given Clob object. The driver converts this to an SQL CLOB value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:
i - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - a Clob object that maps an SQL CLOB value
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs
Since:
1.2

setArray


void setArray(int i,
              Array x)
              throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given Array object. The driver converts this to an SQL ARRAY value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:
i - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - an Array object that maps an SQL ARRAY value
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs
Since:
1.2

getMetaData


ResultSetMetaData getMetaData()
                              throws SQLException
Retrieves a ResultSetMetaData object that contains information about the columns of the ResultSet object that will be returned when this PreparedStatement object is executed.

Because a PreparedStatement object is precompiled, it is possible to know about the ResultSet object that it will return without having to execute it. Consequently, it is possible to invoke the method getMetaData on a PreparedStatement object rather than waiting to execute it and then invoking the ResultSet.getMetaData method on the ResultSet object that is returned.

NOTE: Using this method may be expensive for some drivers due to the lack of underlying DBMS support.

Returns:
the description of a ResultSet object's columns or null if the driver cannot return a ResultSetMetaData object
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs
Since:
1.2

setDate


void setDate(int parameterIndex,
             Date x,
             Calendar cal)
             throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Date value, using the given Calendar object. The driver uses the Calendar object to construct an SQL DATE value, which the driver then sends to the database. With a Calendar object, the driver can calculate the date taking into account a custom timezone. If no Calendar object is specified, the driver uses the default timezone, which is that of the virtual machine running the application.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - the parameter value
cal - the Calendar object the driver will use to construct the date
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs
Since:
1.2

setTime


void setTime(int parameterIndex,
             Time x,
             Calendar cal)
             throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Time value, using the given Calendar object. The driver uses the Calendar object to construct an SQL TIME value, which the driver then sends to the database. With a Calendar object, the driver can calculate the time taking into account a custom timezone. If no Calendar object is specified, the driver uses the default timezone, which is that of the virtual machine running the application.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - the parameter value
cal - the Calendar object the driver will use to construct the time
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs
Since:
1.2

setTimestamp


void setTimestamp(int parameterIndex,
                  Timestamp x,
                  Calendar cal)
                  throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Timestamp value, using the given Calendar object. The driver uses the Calendar object to construct an SQL TIMESTAMP value, which the driver then sends to the database. With a Calendar object, the driver can calculate the timestamp taking into account a custom timezone. If no Calendar object is specified, the driver uses the default timezone, which is that of the virtual machine running the application.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - the parameter value
cal - the Calendar object the driver will use to construct the timestamp
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs
Since:
1.2

setNull


void setNull(int paramIndex,
             int sqlType,
             String typeName)
             throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to SQL NULL. This version of the method setNull should be used for user-defined types and REF type parameters. Examples of user-defined types include: STRUCT, DISTINCT, JAVA_OBJECT, and named array types.

Note: To be portable, applications must give the SQL type code and the fully-qualified SQL type name when specifying a NULL user-defined or REF parameter. In the case of a user-defined type the name is the type name of the parameter itself. For a REF parameter, the name is the type name of the referenced type. If a JDBC driver does not need the type code or type name information, it may ignore it. Although it is intended for user-defined and Ref parameters, this method may be used to set a null parameter of any JDBC type. If the parameter does not have a user-defined or REF type, the given typeName is ignored.

Parameters:
paramIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
sqlType - a value from java.sql.Types
typeName - the fully-qualified name of an SQL user-defined type; ignored if the parameter is not a user-defined type or REF
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs
Since:
1.2

setURL


void setURL(int parameterIndex,
            URL x)
            throws SQLException
Sets the designated parameter to the given java.net.URL value. The driver converts this to an SQL DATALINK value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:
parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x - the java.net.URL object to be set
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs
Since:
1.4

getParameterMetaData


ParameterMetaData getParameterMetaData()
                                       throws SQLException
Retrieves the number, types and properties of this PreparedStatement object's parameters.

Returns:
a ParameterMetaData object that contains information about the number, types and properties of this PreparedStatement object's parameters
Throws:
SQLException - if a database access error occurs
Since:
1.4
See Also:
ParameterMetaData