MySQL 5.6 Reference Manual Including MySQL NDB Cluster 7.3-7.4 Reference Guide
Mixing transactional and nontransactional statements within the same transaction. In general, you should avoid transactions that update both transactional and nontransactional tables in a replication environment. You should also avoid using any statement that accesses both transactional (or temporary) and nontransactional tables and writes to any of them.
The MySQL server uses these rules for binary logging:
If the initial statements in a transaction are nontransactional, they are written to the binary log immediately. The remaining statements in the transaction are cached and not written to the binary log until the transaction is committed. (If the transaction is rolled back, the cached statements are written to the binary log only if they make nontransactional changes that cannot be rolled back. Otherwise, they are discarded.)
For statement-based logging, logging of nontransactional
statements is affected by the
binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates
system variable. When this variable is
OFF
(the default), logging is as just
described. When this variable is ON
,
logging occurs immediately for nontransactional statements
occurring anywhere in the transaction (not just initial
nontransactional statements). Other statements are kept in
the transaction cache and logged when the transaction
commits.
binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates
has no effect for row-format or mixed-format binary logging.
Transactional, nontransactional, and mixed statements. To apply those rules, the server considers a statement nontransactional if it changes only nontransactional tables, and transactional if it changes only transactional tables. In MySQL 5.6, a statement that references both nontransactional and transactional tables and updates any of the tables involved, is considered a “mixed” statement. (In previous MySQL release series, a statement that changed both nontransactional and transactional tables was considered mixed.) Mixed statements, like transactional statements, are cached and logged when the transaction commits.
A mixed statement that updates a transactional table is considered unsafe if the statement also performs either of the following actions:
Updates or reads a temporary table
Reads a nontransactional table and the transaction isolation level is less than REPEATABLE_READ
A mixed statement following the update of a transactional table within a transaction is considered unsafe if it performs either of the following actions:
Updates any table and reads from any temporary table
Updates a nontransactional table and
binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates
is OFF
For more information, see Section 17.1.2.3, “Determination of Safe and Unsafe Statements in Binary Logging”.
A mixed statement is unrelated to mixed binary logging format.
In situations where transactions mix updates to transactional
and nontransactional tables, the order of statements in the
binary log is correct, and all needed statements are written to
the binary log even in case of a
ROLLBACK
.
However, when a second connection updates the nontransactional
table before the first connection transaction is complete,
statements can be logged out of order because the second
connection update is written immediately after it is performed,
regardless of the state of the transaction being performed by
the first connection.
Using different storage engines on source and replica.
It is possible to replicate transactional tables on the source
using nontransactional tables on the replica. For example, you
can replicate an InnoDB
source table as a
MyISAM
replica table. However, if you do
this, there are problems if the replica is stopped in the
middle of a
BEGIN
...
COMMIT
block because the
replica restarts at the beginning of the
BEGIN
block.
In MySQL 5.6, it is also safe to replicate
transactions from MyISAM
tables on
the source to transactional tables, such as tables that use the
InnoDB
storage engine, on the
replica. In such cases, an
AUTOCOMMIT=1
statement issued on the source is replicated, thus enforcing
AUTOCOMMIT
mode on the replica.
When the storage engine type of the replica is nontransactional, transactions on the source that mix updates of transactional and nontransactional tables should be avoided because they can cause inconsistency of the data between the source transactional table and the replica nontransactional table. That is, such transactions can lead to behavior specific to the source's storage engine with the possible effect of replication going out of synchrony. MySQL does not issue a warning about this currently, so extra care should be taken when replicating transactional tables from the source to nontransactional tables on the replicas.
Changing the binary logging format within transactions.
The binlog_format
system
variable is read-only as long as a transaction is in progress.
(Bug #47863)
Every transaction (including
autocommit
transactions) is
recorded in the binary log as though it starts with a
BEGIN
statement, and ends with either a
COMMIT
or a
ROLLBACK
statement. In MySQL 5.6, this true is even for
statements affecting tables that use a nontransactional storage
engine (such as MyISAM
).