| Oracle® Database Installation Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2) for IBM AIX on POWER Systems (64-Bit) Part Number E17162-01 |
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| Oracle® Database Installation Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2) for IBM AIX on POWER Systems (64-Bit) Part Number E17162-01 |
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View PDF |
The Oracle Database software is available on installation media or you can download it from the Oracle Technology Network Web site. In most cases, you use the graphical user interface (GUI) provided by Oracle Universal Installer to install the software. However, you can also use Oracle Universal Installer to complete silent-mode installations, without using the GUI.
See Also:
Appendix A for information about silent-mode installationsAfter reviewing the information in Chapter 1, "Overview of Oracle Database Installation" and completing the tasks listed in Chapter 2, " Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements", consider the following case.
If you must perform multiple installations of Oracle Database, you may want to use silent or response file mode. In response file mode, at each node, you run Oracle Universal Installer from the command line using a response file. The response file is a text file containing the settings you normally enter in the Oracle Universal Installer GUI dialog boxes.
See Also:
Appendix A for information about silent mode installationsReview the following guidelines before starting Oracle Universal Installer:
Using Oracle Universal Installer from an earlier Oracle release to install components from this release is no longer allowed.
Oracle Automatic Storage Management
In previous releases, Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) was installed as part of the Oracle Database installation. With Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), Oracle ASM is part of an Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation, either for a cluster, or for a standalone server.
If you want to upgrade an existing Oracle ASM installation, then you must upgrade Oracle ASM by running an Oracle Grid Infrastructure upgrade. If you do not have Oracle ASM installed and you want to use Oracle ASM as your storage option, then you must complete an Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation before you start your Oracle Database installation.
See Also:
Chapter 3, "Oracle Grid Infrastructure" for information about Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone serverIf Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC are already installed on the system, Oracle Universal Installer displays the Specify Hardware Cluster Installation page. You must select the Local Installation option, unless you want to install Oracle RAC.
See Also:
Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide for AIX Based Systems for information on installing Oracle RACOracle Database uses the database character set for:
Data stored in SQL character datatypes (CHAR, VARCHAR2, CLOB, and LONG).
Identifiers such as table names, column names, and PL/SQL variables.
Stored SQL and PL/SQL source code, including text literals embedded in this code.
Once a database is created, changing its character set is usually very expensive in terms of time and resources. Such operation may require converting all character data by exporting the whole database and importing it back. Therefore, it is important that you carefully select the database character set already at installation time.
Oracle recommends Unicode AL32UTF8 as the database character set. Unicode is the universal character set that supports most of the currently spoken languages of the world. It also supports many historical scripts (alphabets). Unicode is the native encoding of many technologies, including Java, XML, XHTML, ECMAScript, and LDAP. Unicode is ideally suited for databases supporting the Internet and the global economy.
As AL32UTF8 is a multibyte character set, database operations on character data may be slightly slower when compared to single-byte database character sets, such as WE8MSWIN1252. Storage space requirements for text in most languages that use characters outside of the ASCII repertoire are higher in AL32UTF8 compared to legacy character sets supporting the language. Note that the increase in storage space concerns only character data and only data that is not in English. The universality and flexibility of Unicode usually outweighs these additional costs.
Legacy character sets should be considered when compatibility, storage requirements, or performance of text processing is critical and the database will ever support only a single group of languages. The database character set to be selected in such case is the character set of most clients connecting to this database.
The default character set suggested or used by Oracle Universal Installer and Database Configuration Assistant in this release is based on the language configuration of the operating system.
For most languages, the default character set is one of the Microsoft Windows character sets, for example WE8MSWIN1252, even though the database is not installed on Windows. This results from the assumption that most clients connecting to the database run under the Microsoft Windows operating system. As the database should be able to store all characters coming from the clients and Microsoft Windows character sets have richer character repertoire than the corresponding ISO 8859 character sets, the Microsoft Windows character sets are usually the better choice. For example, the EE8MSWIN1250 character set supports the Euro currency symbol and various smart quote characters, while the corresponding EE8ISO8859P2 character set does not support them. In any case, Oracle converts the data between the database character set and the client character sets, which are declared by the NLS_LANG settings.
The list of database character sets that is presented to you for selection by Oracle Universal Installer contains only the recommended character sets. Even though Oracle Database supports many more character sets, they are either deprecated or they are binary subsets of another recommended character set. For example, WE8DEC is a deprecated character set and US7ASCII and WE8ISO8859P1 are both binary subsets of WE8MSWIN1252.
If, for compatibility reasons, you must create a database in one of the non-recommended character sets, choose the Advanced database configuration option. Database Configuration Assistant in the interactive mode will give you the opportunity to select any of the database character sets supported on AIX.
This section is optional and describes how to identify disk groups and determine the free disk space that they contain. You can store either database or recovery files in an existing Oracle ASM disk group that you created during the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation.
Note:
The Oracle ASM instance that manages the existing disk group will be running in the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home directory.To determine whether an existing Oracle ASM disk group exists, or to determine whether there is sufficient disk space in a disk group, use the following procedure:
View the contents of the oratab file to determine whether an Oracle ASM instance is configured on the system:
# more /etc/oratab
If an Oracle ASM instance is configured on the system, then the oratab file should contain a line similar to the following:
+ASM:oracle_home_path:N
In this example, +ASM is the system identifier (SID) of the Oracle ASM instance and oracle_home_path is the Oracle home directory where Oracle ASM is installed. By convention, the SID for an Oracle ASM instance should be +ASM.
Open a shell prompt and temporarily set the ORACLE_SID and ORACLE_HOME environment variables to specify the appropriate values for the Oracle ASM instance that you want to use.
For example, if the Oracle ASM SID is named +ASM and is located in the grid subdirectory of the ORACLE_BASE directory, then enter the following commands to create the required settings:
Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:
$ ORACLE_SID=+ASM $ export ORACLE_SID $ ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/ $ export ORACLE_HOME
C shell:
% setenv ORACLE_SID +ASM % setenv ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid
By using SQL*Plus, connect to the Oracle ASM instance as the SYS user with SYSASM privilege and start the instance if necessary:
# $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus /nolog
SQL> CONNECT SYS as SYSASM
Enter password: SYS_password
SQL> STARTUP
Enter the following command to view the existing disk groups, their redundancy level, and the amount of free disk space in each one:
SQL> SELECT NAME,TYPE,TOTAL_MB,FREE_MB FROM V$ASM_DISKGROUP;
From the output, identify a disk group with the appropriate redundancy level and note the free space that it contains.
If necessary, install or identify the additional disk devices required to meet the storage requirements listed in the previous section.
The Oracle Database software is available on installation media or you can download it from the Oracle Technology Network Web site, or Oracle E-Delivery Web site. To install the software from the hard disk, you must either download it and unpack it, or copy it from the installation media, if you have it.
You can access and install Oracle Database by using one of the following methods:
To copy the software to a hard disk, refer to "Copying the Software to the Hard Disk"
To download the software from Oracle Technology Network, refer to "Downloading Oracle Software"
You can download the trial version of the installation files from the Oracle Technology Network (OTN) or Oracle E-Delivery Web site and extract them on your hard disk. Make sure that you completely review and understand the terms of the license. Most downloads include the development license. This section contains the following topics:
To download the installation archive files from Oracle Technology Network:
Use any browser to access the software download page from Oracle Technology Network:
http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/
Navigate to the download page for the product that you want to install.
On the download page, identify the required disk space by adding the file sizes for each required file.
The file sizes are listed next to the file names.
Select a file system with enough free space to store and expand the archive files.
In most cases, the available disk space must be at least twice the size of all of the archive files.
On the file system that you selected in step 4, create a parent directory for each product, for example OraDB11g, to hold the installation directories.
Download all of the installation archive files to the directory that you created in step 5.
Verify that the files you downloaded are the same size as the corresponding files on Oracle Technology Network.
Extract the files in each directory that you just created.
After you have extracted the required installation files, refer to "Installing the Oracle Database Software" .
You can download the software from Oracle E-Delivery as Media Packs. A Media Pack is an electronic version of the software that is also available to Oracle customers on CD-ROM or DVD. To download the Media Pack:
Use any browser to access the Oracle E-Delivery Web site:
http://edelivery.oracle.com/
Complete the Export Validation process by entering information (name, company, e-mail address, and country) in the online form.
In the Media Pack Search page, specify the Product Pack and Platform to identify the Media Pack you want to download. If you do not know the name of the Product Pack, you can search for it using the License List.
In the search results page, click Readme to download and review the Readme file for download instructions and product information.
After you review the Readme, choose the appropriate Media Pack from the search results to download the individual zip files. Follow the Download Notes instructions in this page. Once you download and extract the contents of the required zip files, proceed with the installation of the software.
Note:
Print the page with the list of downloadable files. It contains a list of part numbers and their corresponding descriptions that you may need to reference during the installation process.See Also:
Frequently Asked Questions section on the Oracle E-Delivery Web site for more information about Media PacksTo extract the installation archive files, perform the following steps:
If necessary, change to the directory that contains the downloaded installation archive files.
If the downloaded file has the zip extension, use the following command to extract the content:
unzip file_name.zip
If the downloaded file has the cpio.gz extension, use the following command:
$ gunzip filename.cpio.gz
This command creates files with names similar to the following:
filename.cpio
To extract the installation files, enter a command similar to the following:
$ cpio -idcmv < filename.cpio
Note:
Refer to the download page for information about the correct options to use with thecpio command.
Some browsers uncompress files while downloading them, but leave the .gz file extension.
For each file, this command creates a subdirectory named Diskn, where n is the disk number identified in the file name.
When you have extracted all of the required installation files, refer to the "Installing the Oracle Database Software" section.
Before installing Oracle Database, you might want to copy the software to the hard disk. This enables the installation process to run a bit faster. Before copying the installation media content to the hard disk, you must mount the disk. The following sections describe how to mount the disk and copy its content to the hard disk.
On most AIX systems, the disk mounts automatically when you insert it into the disc drive. If the disk does not mount automatically, then follow these steps to mount it:
Switch user to root:
$ sudo - root
If necessary, enter a command similar to following to unmount the currently mounted disc, then remove it from the drive:
# umount /dvd
In this example, /dvd is the mount point directory for the disc drive.
Insert the appropriate disc into the disc drive, then enter a command similar to the following to mount it:
# /usr/sbin/mount -rv cdrfs /dev/cd0 /dvd
In this example, /dev/cd0 is the device name of the disc drive and /dvd is the mount point directory.
If Oracle Universal Installer displays the Disk Location dialog box, enter the disc mount point directory path, for example:
/dvd
To continue, go to one of the following sections:
If you want to copy software to a hard disk, refer to "Copying the Oracle Database Software to a Hard Disk".
If you want to install the software from the installation media, refer to "Installing the Oracle Database Software".
Note:
If the system does not have a installation media, you can copy the software from the disk to a file system on another system, then either mount that file system using NFS, or use FTP to copy the files to the system where you want to install the software.To copy the contents of the installation media to a hard disk:
Create a directory on the hard disk to hold the Oracle software:
$ mkdir OraDb11g
Change directory to the directory you created in step 1:
$ cd OraDb11g
Mount the disk, if it is not already mounted.
Some platforms automatically mount the disk when you insert it into the drive. If the disk does not mount automatically, refer to the "Mounting Disks" section for platform-specific information about mounting it.
Copy the contents of the mounted disk to the corresponding new subdirectory as follows:
$ cp -R /directory_path OraDb11g
In this example, /directory_path is the disk mount point directory.
If necessary, mount the next disk and repeat step 4.
During installation, you are prompted to select a database security configuration. The Secure Configuration option configures the database with database auditing options, and password policy and expiration settings.
For new database installations, the default configuration for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) includes the Secure Configuration option. If you want to disable these enhanced security controls, then you can uncheck the Assert all new security settings check box in the Specify Configuration Option screen that appears during installation. Oracle Database is then installed with default options for Oracle Database 10g Release 2. You can enable or disable auditing or password security settings, or revert to a previous security setting. After installation, you can enable or disable the security configuration by starting Database Configuration Assistant through the command-line interface. Perform the following:
To Enable Security Configuration:
dbca -silent -configureDatabase -sourceDB SID -disableSecurityConfiguration NONE -enableSecurityConfiguration true
To Disable Security Configuration:
dbca -silent -configureDatabase -sourceDB SID -disableSecurityConfiguration [ALL|PASSWORD_PROFILE] -enableSecurityConfiguration false
Where SID is the system identifier.
For database upgrades, the upgraded database retains your existing database security configuration, to ensure compatibility with existing applications.
Note:
Oracle strongly recommends configuring your database with the Secure Configuration option either during installation, or after installation using Database Configuration Assistant.
Database Vault is an enhanced Security feature. If it is installed with the database, then you cannot change the Secure Configuration using Database Configuration Assistant option.
In most cases, you use the graphical user interface (GUI) provided by Oracle Universal Installer to install Oracle Database. The instructions in this section explain how to run the Oracle Universal Installer GUI to perform most database installations.
See Also:
If you plan to use Oracle Restart or Oracle ASM, you must install Oracle Grid Infrastructure before you install the database. For information about installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure, refer to "Installing and Configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server"
You may need to shut down existing Oracle processes before you start the database installation. Refer to "Stopping Existing Oracle Processes" for more information.
Appendix A if you want to install Oracle Database by using the silent or response file installation method, without the GUI. This method is useful if you must perform multiple installations of Oracle Database. This appendix covers other advanced installation topics as well.
For any type of installation process, start Oracle Universal Installer and install the software, as follows:
Log on as the Oracle software owner user (typically, oracle) to the computer on which you want to install Oracle components.
If you are installing the software from installation media, mount the disk if it is not already mounted.
If the disk does not mount automatically, refer to "Mounting Disks" section for platform-specific information about mounting it.
Some platforms automatically mount the disk when you insert the installation media into the drive.
To start Oracle Universal Installer, complete one of the following steps depending on the location of the installation files:
Note:
Start Oracle Universal Installer from the terminal session where you logged in as theoracle user and set the user's environment.See Also:
"Configuring the oracle User's Environment" for information about setting theoracle user's environmentIf the installation files are on installation media, enter commands similar to the following, where directory_path is the path of the database directory on the installation media:
$ /directory_path/runInstaller
If the installation files are on the hard disk, change directory to the database directory and enter the following command:
$ ./runInstaller
Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2), if you plan to run the installation in a secured data center, then you can download updates before starting the installation by starting Oracle Universal Installer on a system that has Internet access in update download mode. To start Oracle Universal Installer to download updates, enter the following command:
$ ./runInstaller -downloadUpdates
Provide the My Oracle Support user name and password, and provide proxy settings if needed. After you download updates, transfer the update file to a directory on the server where you plan to run the installation.
See Also:
Oracle Universal Installer and OPatch User's Guide for Windows and UNIX for more information about response file formats
If Oracle Universal Installer is not displayed, refer to "X Window Display Errors" and "Remote Terminal Installation Error" for information about troubleshooting.
Use the following guidelines to complete the installation:
Do not install Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) software into an existing Oracle home.
Follow the instructions displayed on the Oracle Universal Installer screens. If you need additional information, click Help.
See Also:
"Reviewing Accounts and Passwords" for details on password guidelinesDo not modify the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) except by using a patch provided by Oracle Support Services. Oracle Universal Installer automatically installs the Oracle-supplied version of the JRE. This version is required to run Oracle Universal Installer and several Oracle assistants.
If errors are displayed while installing the software, refer to Appendix G for information about troubleshooting.
If you chose an installation type that runs Oracle Database Configuration Assistant and Oracle Net Configuration Assistant in interactive mode, then you must provide detailed information about configuring the database and network.
If you need assistance when using the Oracle Database Configuration Assistant or Oracle Net Configuration Assistant in interactive mode, click Help on any screen.
Note:
If you chose a default installation, Oracle Database Configuration Assistant and Oracle Net Configuration Assistant do not run interactively.When the configuration assistant tasks are complete click finish, click Exit, then click Yes to exit from Oracle Universal Installer.
When Oracle Universal Installer prompts you to run a script with root privileges, enter a command similar to the following in a terminal where you are logged in as the root user, then click Continue or OK:
# /script_path/script_name
See Chapter 5 for information about tasks that you must complete after you have installed Oracle Database.
The following table lists the various screens displayed during an Enterprise Edition installation for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2):
| Screen | Action |
|---|---|
| Configure Security Updates | Enter your e-mail address, preferably your My Oracle Support (formerly OracleMetaLink) e-mail address or user name in the Email field.
Select the I wish to receive security updates via My Oracle Support check box if you want to receive security updates. Enter your My Oracle Support password in the My Oracle Support Password field. Click Next. |
| Download Software Updates | Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2), you can use the Software Updates feature to dynamically download and apply latest updates. Select one of the following options, and click Next:
See Also: "Software Updates Option" |
| Apply Software Updates | This screen is displayed if you select to download the software updates or provide the pre-downloaded software downloads location.
If you selected Use My Oracle Support credentials for download in the previous screen, select Download and apply all updates, and then click Next. If you selected Use pre-downloaded software updates in the previous screen, select Apply all updates, and then click Next. |
| Select Installation Option | Select one of the following install options, and click Next:
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| System Class | Select the type of system for installing the database, and click Next.
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| Grid Installation Options | Select the type of database installation you want to perform, and click Next.
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| Select Install Type | Select one of the following, and click Next:
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| Select Product Language | This option enables you to select the language in which you want to run the product.
Select the product Language from the Available Languages list, transfer it to the Selected Languages list. Click Next. |
| Select Database Edition | Select Enterprise Edition, Standard Edition, or Standard Edition One. Click Next.
If you click Select Options, then based on your selection you can enable or disable components from the components list. This screen enables you to customize the database. The components available in this screen are:
Click OK to continue. Note: The Select Options button is enabled only if you select the Enterprise Edition installation type. |
| Specify Installation Location | Specify Oracle Base, Software Location, and click Next.
The Oracle base directory is a top-level directory for Oracle software installations owned by an Oracle installation owner account. The default Oracle base path is In the Software Location field, accept the default value or enter the Oracle home directory path in which you want to install Oracle software.The directory path should not contain spaces. Click Next. Note: This screen is available only with Advanced Installation. Ensure that the Oracle home path for the database home and the Oracle base path use only ASCII characters. At the time of this release, the use of non-ASCII characters for a Oracle database home or Oracle base is not supported. See Also: "Naming Directories" for information about directory naming conventions |
| Create Inventory | You are prompted by the installer to specify the Inventory Directory path for the central inventory the first time you install any Oracle software on your computer.
Select the oraInventory Group Name of the operating system group that should own the Oracle Inventory directory (the Oracle Inventory group). Click Next. Note: By default, the Oracle Inventory directory is not installed under the Oracle Base directory. This is because all Oracle software installations share a common Oracle Inventory, so there is only one Oracle Inventory for all users, whereas there is a separate Oracle Base for each user. |
| Select Configuration Type | Select one of the following, and click Next:
See the online Help provided by either Oracle Universal Installer or Oracle Database Configuration Assistant for a description of these preconfigured database types. |
| Specify Database Identifiers | Specify the following information, and click Next:
Database Naming Specify the Global Database Name using the following syntax: db_unique_name.db_domain where:
Note: Ensure that the combination of database name (first eight unique characters of database unique name), delimiter, and the database domain name does not exceed 128 characters. For example: sales.us.example.com where:
When you enter the Global Database Name, Oracle Universal Installer automatically populates the SID prefix with the database name. You can change this name in Advanced installation. Oracle Universal Installer limits the SID to 12 alphanumeric characters and the SID cannot contain an underscore (_), dollar ( $), or pound (#). See Also: "Setting the ORACLE_HOSTNAME Environment Variable" |
| Specify Configuration Options | Specify the following configuration details, and click Next:
Memory Enable Automatic Memory Management option is selected by default. This option enables the database to automatically distribute memory between SGA and PGA. If you deselect this option, then the SGA and PGA must be sized manually. Character Sets This option enables you to store the character data in the database in one of the following methods:
See Also:
Security The Assert all new security settings option is selected by default. This setting includes enabling auditing and using new password profile. Note: Oracle recommends that you use the default settings. Sample Schema The Create database with sample schema option is not selected by default. However, you can select the option, if you want to create the starter database with sample schema. |
| Specify Management Options | Select one of the following options, and click Next:
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| Specify Database Storage Options | Select one of the following options, and click Next.
Note: Installing Oracle data files on an Oracle ACFS file system is not supported. Oracle recommends that these data files are installed in Oracle ASM disk groups. See Also: "Using an Oracle Automatic Storage Management Disk Group" |
| Specify Recovery Options | Select one of the following options, and click Next.
|
| Select ASM Disk Group | This screen is displayed only if you select Oracle Automatic Storage Management as your storage option.
Disk groups are configured during the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation with the The table in this screen displays existing disk groups. Select the disk group that you want to use for database file storage. |
| Specify Schema Passwords | Enter and confirm passwords for the privileged database accounts, and click Next.
Note: Optionally, you can use the same password for all accounts. However, Oracle recommends that you specify a different password for each account. You must remember the passwords that you specify. Refer to "Unlocking and Changing Passwords" for information about password guidelines. |
| Privileged Operating System Groups | The operating system groups are selected by default. You can also manually select the OSDBA and OSOPER groups.
Click Next. See Also: "Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users" for information about operating system groups and users |
| Perform Prerequisite Checks | This option checks if the minimum system requirements to perform the database installation are met.
If you click Check Again, then you can run the prerequisite check again to see if the minimum requirements are met to carry on with the database installation. Click Fix & Check Again, if you want the installer to fix the problem and check the system requirements once more. Note: The Fix & Check Again option generates a script that you need to run as the To get a list of failed requirements, select ShowFailed from the list. To get a list of all the prerequirement checks run by the OUI, select Show All. To get a list of the prerequirement checks that are successful, select Show Succeeded. Note: Oracle recommends that you use caution in checking the Ignore All option. If you check this option, then Oracle Universal Installer may not confirm that your system is able to install Oracle Database successfully. See Also: Chapter 2, " Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements" for information about the system requirements |
| Summary | Review the information displayed on this screen, and click Finish.
Note: Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), you can save all the installation steps into a response file by clicking Save Response File. Later, this file can be used for a silent installation. |
| Install product | This screen states the progress of a database installation. After the database is installed, you are prompted to execute some root configuration script for new inventory as a root user. Click Next.
This screen then displays the status information for the configuration assistants that configure the software and create a database. Finally, a message is displayed at the end of Database Configuration Assistant process, and click OK. Execute the |
| Finish | This screen is shown automatically when all the configuration tools are successful.
Click Close. |
Caution:
After installation is complete, do not manually remove, or runcron jobs that remove /tmp/.oracle or /var/tmp/.oracle directories or their files while Oracle software is running. If you remove these files, then Oracle software can encounter intermittent hangs. Oracle Restart installations will fail with the following error:
CRS-0184: Cannot communicate with the CRS daemon.
If you plan to use the following products or features, then download and install the products from the Oracle Database Examples media:
Oracle JDBC Development Drivers
Oracle Database Examples
Oracle Text Knowledge Base
Various Oracle product demonstrations
For information about installing software and various Oracle product demonstrations from the Oracle Database Examples media, refer to Oracle Database Examples Installation Guide.
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