| Oracle® Database Installation Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2) for IBM AIX on POWER Systems (64-Bit) Part Number E17162-01 |
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| Oracle® Database Installation Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2) for IBM AIX on POWER Systems (64-Bit) Part Number E17162-01 |
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View PDF |
This chapter describes the different installation types of Oracle Database and issues to consider before you install Oracle Database:
Refer to What's New in Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) for more information about the new features and products installed with this release.
The Oracle Database installation process consists of the following phases:
Read the release notes: Read Oracle Database Release Notes for IBM AIX on POWER Systems (64-Bit) before you begin the installation. The release notes are available with the platform-specific documentation. The latest version of the release notes is available on Oracle Technology Network at:
http://www.oracle.com/technology/documentation
Review the licensing information: Although the installation media in the media pack contain many Oracle components, you are permitted to use only those components for which you have purchased licenses.
Oracle Support Services does not provide support for components for which licenses have not been purchased.
See Also:
Oracle Database Licensing Information for more detailsPlan the installation: This chapter describes the Oracle products that you can install and issues that you must consider before starting the installation.
You can also refer to Appendix H, which covers frequently asked questions about installing Oracle Database components, such as how to install Oracle Database if the site uses Oracle applications or if you need multiple Oracle Database connections.
Complete preinstallation tasks: Chapter 2 describes preinstallation tasks that you must complete before installing the product.
Install the software: Use the following sections to install Oracle Database and Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server:
Chapter 3 describes how to install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server.
Chapter 4 describes how to use Oracle Universal Installer to install Oracle Database. Also describes how to clone an Oracle home.
Chapter 7 describes how to remove Oracle Database software.
Appendix A provides information about performing silent, or response file installations, which you may want to use if you must perform multiple installations of Oracle Database.
Appendix B provides information about cloning Oracle home.
Appendix F describes globalization support information.
Appendix G provides troubleshooting advice in case you encounter problems with the installation.
Complete postinstallation tasks: Chapter 5 describes recommended and required postinstallation tasks.
Get started using Oracle Database: Use the following sections to get started with Oracle Database:
Chapter 6 describes how to check the contents of the installed Oracle Database, how to start various tools, and how to locate various files.
Appendix C describes the network attached storage devices, which you can use to store Oracle database files and Oracle software.
Appendix D describes the Optimal Flexible Architecture, which is a set of guidelines that ensures reliable Oracle installations that requires little maintenance.
Appendix E explains the method to manage Oracle Database port numbers.
This section contains information that you should consider before deciding how to install this product. It contains the following sections:
Installing Oracle Database Vault in an Oracle Data Guard Environment
Oracle Database Vault Default Audit Policy and Initialization Parameters
The platform-specific hardware and software requirements included in this guide were current when this guide was published. However, because new platforms and operating system software versions might be certified after this guide is published, review the certification matrix on the My Oracle Support Web site for the most up-to-date list of certified hardware platforms and operating system versions. The My Oracle Support Web site is available at the following URL:
https://support.oracle.com/
You must register online before using My Oracle Support. After logging in, click More and then select Certifications from the list. On the Certification Information page, the Certification Options list appears. Other options include Product Roadmap, Product Availability, and Lifetime Support Policy.
This product supports multiple Oracle homes. This means, you can install this release or earlier releases of the software more than once on the same system, in different Oracle home directories.
You must install this product into a new Oracle home directory. You cannot install products from one release of Oracle Database into an Oracle home directory of a different release. For example, you cannot install Oracle Database 11g Release 2 software into an existing Oracle9i Oracle home directory.
You can install this release more than once on the same system if each installation is installed in a separate Oracle home directory.
The Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server provides the infrastructure to include your single instance database in an enterprise grid architecture. Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) combines these infrastructure products into one software installation called the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. On a single instance database, the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home includes Oracle Restart and Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) software.
If you want to use Oracle ASM or Oracle Restart, then you should first install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server, and then install Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2).
See Also:
Chapter 3, "Oracle Grid Infrastructure" for more information about installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone serverWhen you install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server, it will configure the single-node version of Oracle Cluster Synchronization Services (CSS). The CSS service is required to enable synchronization between an Oracle ASM instance and the database instances that rely on it for database file storage. Because the service must be running before any Oracle ASM instance or database instance starts, it is configured to start automatically by Oracle Restart before the Oracle ASM instance is started.
For single instance installations, the CSS daemon is installed in and runs from the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home which is the same home that runs Oracle ASM.
If you plan to use Oracle Data Guard with Oracle Database Vault, then refer to Note 754065.1 on the My Oracle Support Web site at the following URL:
https://support.oracle.com/
Oracle Database Vault installs a baseline database auditing policy. This policy covers the access control configuration information stored in Database Vault database tables, information stored in Oracle Catalog (rollback segments, tablespaces, and so on), the use of system privileges, and Oracle Label Security configuration. When you install Oracle Database Vault, the security specific database initialization parameters are initialized with default values.
See Also:
Oracle Database Vault Administrator's Guide for more information about the database audit policyYou can choose different installation methods to install Oracle Database, as follows:
When you use the interactive method to install Oracle Database, Oracle Universal Installer displays a series of screens that enable you to specify all the required information to install the Oracle Database software and optionally create a database.
Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), Oracle Universal Installer provides you the following options:
Desktop Class: Select this option if you are installing on a laptop or desktop class system. This option includes a starter database and allows minimal configuration. This option is designed for those who want to quickly set up a database.
Server Class: Select this option if you are installing on a server class system, such as what you would use when deploying Oracle in a production data center. This option allows for more advanced configuration options. Advanced configuration options available with this option include Oracle RAC, Oracle ASM, backup and recovery configuration, integration with Enterprise Manager Grid Control, and more fine-grained memory tuning, among others.
Furthermore, the Server Class option provides you with the following installation types:
Typical: Select this installation method if you want to quickly install Oracle Database. This installation type requires minimal user input. It installs the software and optionally creates a general-purpose database using the information that you specify on the screen. It is the default installation type.
Advanced: Select this installation type if you want to complete any of the following tasks:
Select a database character set or different product languages
Create the EXAMPLE tablespace during the installation
Create a database on a different file system from the software
Specify different passwords for administrative schemas
Configure automated backups or Oracle Enterprise Manager notifications
Configure Oracle Configuration Manager
Customize components from the available components list. In the Select Database Edition screen, if you select Enterprise Edition, then Oracle Universal Installer automatically selects the components most customers need for their Oracle Database installation. You can also click Select Options to customize components from the components list.
See Also:
"Reviewing Component-Specific Installation Guidelines" for additional information about Oracle database installationBy creating a response file and specifying this file when you start Oracle Universal Installer, you can automate some or all of the Oracle Database installation. These automated installation methods are useful if you must perform multiple installations on similarly configured systems or if the system where you want to install the software does not have X Window system software installed.
When you use a response file, you can run Oracle Universal Installer in the following modes, depending on whether you specify all of the required information or not:
Silent Mode: Oracle Universal Installer runs in silent mode if you use a response file that specifies all required information, and specify the-silent option when starting Oracle Universal Installer. None of the Oracle Universal Installer screens are displayed.
Response File Mode: Oracle Universal Installer runs in response file mode if you do not specify all required information in the response file.
For more information about these modes and about how to complete an installation using response files, refer to Appendix A.
Use the Software Updates feature to dynamically download and apply the latest updates released by Oracle; such as, interim patch updates, critical patch updates, Oracle Universal Installer updates, and the latest patch set updates. This functionality is available with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2).
You can choose to download the latest updates by providing your My Oracle Support credentials or you can apply previously downloaded updates. You can also download the updates separately using the -downloadUpdates option and later apply them during the Oracle Database installation by providing the location where the updates are present.
See Also:
"Running Oracle Universal Installer" for more information on the
-downloadUpdates option, and dynamically applying software updates during installationYou can choose one of the following database editions when installing Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2):
Enterprise Edition: Installs licensable Oracle Database options and database configuration and management tools in addition to all of the products that are installed during a Standard Edition installation. It also installs products most commonly used for data warehousing and transaction processing. This option also allows you to enable or disable individual components from a components list.
Standard Edition: This installation type is designed for department or workgroup-level applications and for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It is engineered to provide core relational database management services and options. It installs an integrated set of management tools, full distribution, replication, Web features, and facilities for building business-critical applications.
Standard Edition One: This installation type is designed for department, workgroup-level, or Web applications. From single instance environments for small business to highly distributed branch environments, Oracle Database Standard Edition One includes all the facilities necessary to build business-critical applications.
Note:
The installation process is the same for all the database editions.
Ensure that you install only those products for which you have a valid license.
During the installation, you can choose whether you want to create an Oracle database as part of the installation. If you choose to create an Oracle database, then Oracle Universal Installer uses Oracle Database Configuration Assistant to create it. You can choose to create one of the preconfigured database types, which are designed for a variety of different applications, modify one of the preconfigured database types, or create a customized database to suit the requirements.
This section describes the following database configuration options:
Oracle provides the following preconfigured database types that you can create or customize during the installation:
General Purpose/Transaction Processing
Data Warehouse
Refer to the online help provided by either Oracle Universal Installer or Oracle Database Configuration Assistant for a description of these preconfigured database types.
Oracle Universal Installer runs Oracle Database Configuration Assistant in one of two modes, depending on the choices that you make during the installation:
Silent or response file mode
If you choose either the Enterprise Edition or Standard Edition database edition, then choose to create a preconfigured database type. Oracle Universal Installer prompts you for the minimum amount of information required to create a database of the type you choose. It then runs Oracle Database Configuration Assistant in silent or response file mode to create the database after it installs the software.
Note:
Oracle recommends that you use this method to create a database if you have not previously created one.Interactive mode
Install the database using Oracle Universal Installer and launch Oracle Database Configuration Assistant from Oracle home. Oracle Database Configuration Assistant will run in interactive mode. Using the screens in Oracle Database Configuration Assistant, you can either modify one of the preconfigured database types or customize the database.
Note:
If you choose this method to create a database, then click Help on any of the Oracle Database Configuration Assistant screens for a description of the information that you must specify on that screen.If you decide not to create a database during the installation, then you can use Oracle Database Configuration Assistant to create one after you have installed the software. For more information about using Oracle Database Configuration Assistant to create a database after installation, refer to the Oracle Database 2 Day DBA manual.
If you choose to create a database during the installation, you can specify one of the following storage options for database files:
Note:
Installing files on raw devices is no longer an option during installation. You must use a file system, or use Oracle ASM.If you choose the file system option, then Oracle Database Configuration Assistant creates the database files in a directory on a file system mounted on the computer. Oracle recommends that the file system you choose be separate from the file systems used by the operating system or the Oracle software. The file system that you choose can be any of the following:
A file system on a disk that is physically attached to the system
If you are creating a database on basic disks that are not logical volumes or RAID devices, then Oracle recommends that you follow the Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) recommendations and distribute the database files over more than one disk.
A file system on a logical volume manager (LVM) volume or a RAID device
If you are using multiple disks in an LVM or RAID configuration, then Oracle recommends that you use the stripe and mirror everything (SAME) methodology to increase performance and reliability. Using this methodology, you do not need to specify more than one file system mount point for database storage.
A network file system (NFS) mounted from a certified network attached storage (NAS) device. You also have the option to use the Direct NFS feature, which simplifies the administration of NFS configurations and also offers performance improvements.
See Also:
"Direct NFS Client" for more information about the Direct NFS featureIf the NAS device is certified by Oracle, then you can store the database files on them.
If you choose the Advanced database creation option, then you can also choose to use the Oracle Managed Files feature with the new database. If you use this feature, then you must specify only the database object name instead of file names when creating or deleting database files.
See Also:
"Specifying Oracle Managed Files at Database Creation" in Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for information about Oracle Managed FilesOracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) is a high-performance storage management solution. For Oracle Database files, it simplifies the management of a dynamic database environment, such as creating and laying out databases and managing disk space.
Oracle ASM can be used with single database installations, multiple database installations, and in Oracle RAC environments. It can be used with databases created in Oracle Database 10g Release 1 (10.1.0.3 or later). However, Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) databases must use Oracle ASM from Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) or later. Oracle ASM is installed as part of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation. If you plan to use Oracle ASM, then you must install Oracle Grid Infrastructure before installing your database. If you want to upgrade an existing Oracle ASM installation, then you must upgrade Oracle ASM by running an Oracle Grid Infrastructure upgrade.
See Also:
Chapter 3, "Oracle Grid Infrastructure" for more information about installing the Oracle Grid Infrastructure softwareOracle ASM manages the storage of all database files, such as redo logs, control files, and data pump export files.
Oracle ASM can manage the Oracle Database executable binary files as well as any other non-database file by creating a file system with Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System. Though Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System is cluster aware it works as a file system on a single instance database also.
See Also:
"Introduction to Oracle ACFS" in Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide for information about Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File SystemAt a high level, implementing Oracle ASM involves allocating partitioned disks for Oracle Database with preferences for striping and mirroring. Oracle ASM manages the disk space for you. This helps avoid the need for traditional disk management tools, such as Logical Volume Managers (LVM), file systems, and the numerous commands necessary to manage both. The synchronization between Oracle ASM and the database instance is handled by CSS.
The following are components of an Oracle ASM installation:
Oracle Automatic Storage Management Disk Groups
A disk group is a set of disk devices that Oracle ASM manages as a single unit. Each disk device can be an individual physical disk, a multiple disk device, such as a RAID storage array or logical volume, or even a partition on a physical disk. However, in most cases, disk groups consist of one or more individual physical disks. To enable Oracle ASM to balance input-output operation and storage efficiently within the disk group, you must ensure that all devices in the disk group have similar, if not identical, storage capacity and performance.
You can set the redundancy and striping attributes of individual file types within a disk group by using Oracle ASM disk group templates. When you create a disk group, Oracle ASM creates a set of default templates for that disk group. Default template settings depend on the disk group type. For example, the default template for control files for both normal and high redundancy disk groups is set to three-way mirroring. All other file templates are two-way mirrored. For a high redundancy disk group, the default mirroring cannot be changed, which implies that all files are always three-way mirrored in a high redundancy disk group. You can modify the default templates to suit your site's needs. Refer to Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide for more information.
Oracle ASM spreads data evenly across all the devices in the disk group to optimize performance and utilization. You can add or remove disk devices from a disk group without shutting down the database. When you add or remove disks, Oracle ASM rebalances the files across the disk group. You can create multiple disk groups to handle specific tasks, such as backup and recovery operations, in addition to regular file storage activities.
When you add a device to a disk group, you can specify a failure group for that device. Failure groups identify disk devices that have common failure characteristics, for example, devices that are attached to the same controller. If the controller fails, then all devices attached to it become unavailable. By default, each device also belongs to its own failure group. By using the failure groups you specify, Oracle ASM can distribute data among the devices in the disk group to minimize the risk of data loss caused by component failures.
Oracle Automatic Storage Management Instance
The Oracle ASM instance is a special Oracle instance that manages Oracle ASM disk groups. The Oracle ASM instance and the ASMSNMP account are created and started, if necessary, when you install Oracle Grid Infrastructure. Oracle Enterprise Manager uses this account to monitor ASM instances to retrieve data from ASM-related data dictionary views. The ASMSNMP account status is set to OPEN upon creation, and it is granted the SYSDBA privilege.
Oracle recommends that you have the Oracle ASM instance in its own Oracle home. Oracle also recommends that you run this instance before you start a database instance that uses Oracle ASM.
For an Oracle Database installation, you only need one Oracle ASM instance, regardless of the number of database instances on the computer.
See Also:
"Managing Oracle ASM Users with Oracle Enterprise Manager" in Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide for information about the ASMSNMP userTo simplify database administration, Oracle provides a Web-based management tool called Oracle Enterprise Manager. There are two ways to deploy Oracle Enterprise Manager:
Deploy Oracle Enterprise Manager centrally in the environment
To deploy Oracle Enterprise Manager centrally, you must install at least one Oracle Management Repository and one Oracle Management Service within the environment, then install an Oracle Enterprise Management Agent on every computer that you want to manage. You can then use a single HTML interface to manage and monitor software and hardware targets on all of those systems. Targets can include Oracle databases, application servers, Net listeners, and third-party software. This single interface is called Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control (or simply Grid Control).
Note:
Oracle Enterprise Manager is available separately on the Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control installation media, and also on the Oracle Technology Network Web site at:
For latest certification information, refer to My Oracle Support note 412431.1, "Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control Certification Checker", available from the following URL:
Deploy Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control locally on the database system
Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control software is installed by default with every Oracle Database installation. This local installation provides a Web-based interface called Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control. The Database Control is similar in function to the Grid Control, but it can manage only a single database. If you want to administer more than one database on this system, then you must either configure a separate Database Control for each database, or install Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control.
Note:
Refer to the Oracle Enterprise Manager Concepts manual and the Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control Basic Installation Guide on the Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control installation media for more information about Oracle Enterprise Manager.This section contains the following topics:
When you choose to create a preconfigured database during the installation, you must select the Oracle Enterprise Manager interface that you want to use to manage the database. The following options are available:
Use Grid Control for central database management
This option is available only if an Enterprise Manager Database Control Agent is installed on the system. When Oracle Universal Installer detects an Oracle Management Agent on the system, you can choose this option and specify the Oracle Management Service that you want to use to manage the database.
If an Oracle Management Agent is not installed, then you must use Database Control to manage the database. However, if Oracle Management Agent is installed after Oracle Database, then you can use Grid Control to manage this database.
Use Database Control for local database management
This option is selected by default if an Oracle Management Agent is not installed on the system. However, even if a Management Agent is installed, you can still choose to configure Database Control to manage the database.
Install the database using Oracle Universal Installer and launch Oracle Database Configuration Assistant from Oracle home. Oracle Database Configuration Assistant will run in interactive mode. Using a screen in Oracle Database Configuration Assistant, you can specify the Oracle Enterprise Manager interface that you want to use to manage the database. Alternatively, you can also choose not to configure the database with Enterprise Manager.
Oracle recommends that you configure the database to use Enterprise Manager during installation. However, if you choose not to configure the database to use Enterprise Manager during the installation, then you can use Oracle Database Configuration Assistant after the installation to configure the database to use it.
Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control provides a Web-based user interface that enables you to monitor, administer, and maintain an Oracle database. You can use it to perform all database administration tasks. You can also use it to determine information about the database, such as:
Instance name, database version, Oracle home location, media recovery options, and other instance data
Current instance availability
Database alert information
Session and SQL-related performance information
Space usage matrix
In addition, it provides you with automatic notification of security alerts, and the ability to download and apply patches for the software.
If you choose to use Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control during the installation, then you can optionally enable automated database backups that use the Oracle-suggested default backup strategy. You do not have to enable automated backups during the installation. If you prefer, you can use Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control or Grid Control to configure automated backups after you install the software and create a database.
This section contains the following topics:
See Also:
Oracle Database 2 Day DBA for information about using Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control to configure or customize automated backups or to recover a backed up database
Oracle Database Backup and Recovery User's Guide for more detailed information about defining a backup strategy and backing up and recovering Oracle databases
If you enable automated backups, then Oracle Enterprise Manager schedules a daily backup job that uses Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN) to back up all of the database files to a disk storage area called the fast recovery area. The first time the backup job runs, it creates a full backup of the database. Subsequent backup jobs perform incremental backups, which enable you to recover the database to its state at any point during the preceding 24 hours.
To enable automated backup jobs during installation, you must specify the following information:
The location of the fast recovery area
You can choose to use either a file system directory or an Oracle ASM disk group for the fast recovery area. To set the default values for fast recovery area and data file location, use Oracle base as the starting point.
Default fast recovery area: $ORACLE_BASE/recovery_area
Default data file location: $ORACLE_BASE/oradata
The default disk quota configured for the fast recovery area is 2 GB. For Oracle ASM disk groups, the required disk space depends on the redundancy level of the disk group that you choose. Chapter 2 describes how to choose the location of the fast recovery area and identifies its disk space requirements.
An operating system user name and password for the backup job
Oracle Enterprise Manager uses the operating system credentials that you specify when running the backup job. The user name that you specify must belong to the UNIX group that identifies database administrators (the ORA_DBA group). This user also must have Logon As A Batch Job privilege.
If you enable automated backups after choosing one of the preconfigured databases during the installation, then automated backup is configured with the following default settings:
The backup job is scheduled to run nightly at 2 a.m.
The disk quota for the fast recovery area is 2 GB.
If you enable automated backups by using Oracle Database Configuration Assistant, either during or after the installation, then you can specify a different start time for the backup job and a different disk quota for the fast recovery area.
If you choose to use the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control during the installation, then you can configure Enterprise Manager to send an e-mail when specific events occur. These events can include occurrences such as disk space reaching a critical limit (a threshold), or a database shutting down unexpectedly.
If you choose to enable e-mail notifications, then you must specify the following information:
The host name of a Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) server
The e-mail address that should receive the alerts
The e-mail address that you specify could belong to an individual or it could be a shared e-mail account or a distribution list.
You can use Enterprise Manager Database Control to set up, change, or customize e-mail notifications after you have created the database.
Refer to the "Migrating Data To and From ASM" section in Oracle Database Administrator's Reference for Linux and UNIX-Based Operating Systems for migration information.
For information about upgrading a earlier release of Oracle Database to Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), refer to Oracle Database Upgrade Guide. The following sections provide additional platform-specific upgrade information that you should review before upgrading an existing database:
In previous releases, Oracle ASM was installed as part of the Oracle Database installation. With Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), Oracle ASM is part of an Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation, either for a cluster, or for a standalone server.
If you want to upgrade an existing Oracle ASM installation, then you must upgrade Oracle ASM by running an Oracle Grid Infrastructure upgrade. If you do not have Oracle ASM installed and you want to use Oracle ASM as your storage option, then you must complete an Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation before you start your Oracle Database installation.
Refer to "Daylight Savings Time Upgrade of Timestamp with Timezone Data Type" for information about Daylight Savings Time Upgrade.
Refer to the Oracle Database Upgrade Guide for more information about performing an in-place Oracle Database upgrade.
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