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Oracle Solaris 10 9/10 Installation Guide: Network-Based Installations |
Part I Planning to Install Over the Network
1. Where to Find Solaris Installation Planning Information
2. Preconfiguring System Configuration Information (Tasks)
3. Preconfiguring With a Naming Service or DHCP
Preconfiguring With the Naming Service
To Preconfigure the Locale Using NIS
To Preconfigure the Locale Using NIS+
Preconfiguring System Configuration Information With the DHCP Service (Tasks)
Creating DHCP Options and Macros for Solaris Installation Parameters
Using DHCP Manager to Create Install Options and Macros
Writing a Script That Uses dhtadm to Create Options and Macros
Part II Installing Over a Local Area Network
4. Installing From the Network (Overview)
5. Installing From the Network With DVD Media (Tasks)
6. Installing From the Network With CD Media (Tasks)
7. Patching the Miniroot Image (Tasks)
8. Installing Over the Network (Examples)
9. Installing From the Network (Command Reference)
Part III Installing Over a Wide Area Network
11. Preparing to Install With WAN Boot (Planning)
12. Installing With WAN Boot (Tasks)
13. SPARC: Installing With WAN Boot (Tasks)
14. SPARC: Installing With WAN Boot (Examples)
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) enables host systems in a TCP/IP network to be configured automatically for the network as they boot. DHCP uses a client and server mechanism. Servers store and manage configuration information for clients, and provide that information on a client's request. The information includes the client's IP address and information about network services available to the client.
A primary benefit of DHCP is its ability to manage IP address assignments through leasing. Leasing allows IP addresses to be reclaimed when not in use and reassigned to other clients. This ability enables a site to use a smaller pool of IP address than would be needed if all clients were assigned a permanent address.
You can use DHCP to install the Solaris OS on certain client systems on your network. All SPARC based systems that are supported by the Solaris OS and x86 based systems that meet the hardware requirements for running the Solaris OS can use this feature.
The following task map shows the high-level tasks that must be performed to enable clients to obtain installation parameters by using DHCP.
Table 3-2 Task Map: Preconfiguring System Configuration Information With the DHCP Service
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When you add clients with the add_install_client -d script on the install server, the script reports DHCP configuration information to standard output. This information can be used when you create the options and macros that are needed to pass network installation information to clients.
You can customize the options and macros in your DHCP service to perform the following types of installations.
Class-specific installations – You can instruct the DHCP service to perform a network installation for all clients of a specific class. For example, you can define a DHCP macro that performs the same installation on all Sun Blade systems on the network. Use the output of the add_install_client -d command to set up a class-specific installation.
Network-specific installations – You can instruct the DHCP service to perform a network installation for all clients in a specific network. For example, you can define a DHCP macro that performs the same installation on all systems in the 192.168.2 network.
Client-specific installations –You can instruct the DHCP service to perform a network installation for a client with a specific Ethernet address. For example, you can define a DHCP macro that performs a specific installation on the client with the Ethernet address 00:07:e9:04:4a:bf. Use the output of the add_install_client -d -e ethernet_address command to set up a client-specific installation.
For more information on setting up clients to use a DHCP server for a network installation, see the following procedures.
For network installations that use DVD media, see Adding Systems to Be Installed From the Network With a DVD Image.
For network installations that use CD media, see Adding Systems to Be Installed From the Network With a CD Image.
To install DHCP clients from the network, you must create Vendor category options to pass information that is needed to install the Solaris OS. The following tables describe common DHCP options that you can use to install a DHCP client.
You can use the standard DHCP options that are listed in Table 3-3 to configure and install x86 based systems. These options are not platform specific, and can be used to install the Solaris OS on a variety of x86 based systems. Use these options to install the Solaris 10 release on x86 based systems by using DHCP. For a complete list of standard options, see dhcp_inittab(4).
Table 3-4 lists options that you can use to install Sun client systems. The vendor client classes that are listed in this table determine what classes of client can use the option. Vendor client classes that are listed here are examples only. You should specify client classes that indicate the actual clients in your network that you need to install from the network. See Working With DHCP Options (Task Map) in System Administration Guide: IP Services for information about how to determine a client's vendor client class.
For detailed information on DHCP options, see DHCP Option Information in System Administration Guide: IP Services.
Table 3-3 Values for Standard DHCP Options
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Table 3-4 Values for Creating Vendor Category Options for Solaris Clients
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When you have created the options, you can create macros that include those options. The following table lists sample macros you can create to support Solaris installation for clients.
Table 3-5 Sample Macros to Support Network Installation Clients
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The macro names that are listed in the previous table match the Vendor client classes of the clients that must install from the network. These names are examples of clients you might have on your network. See Working With DHCP Options (Task Map) in System Administration Guide: IP Services for information about determining a client's vendor client class.
You can create these options and macros by using the following methods.
Create the options and macros in DHCP Manager. See Using DHCP Manager to Create Install Options and Macros for instructions about how to create options and macros in DHCP Manager.
Write a script that creates the options and macros by using the dhtadm command. See Writing a Script That Uses dhtadm to Create Options and Macros for information about how to write scripts that create these options and macros.
Note that the total size of the vendor options that are provided to a particular client must not exceed 255 bytes, including the option codes and length information. This is a limitation of the current Solaris DHCP protocol implementation. Generally, you should pass the minimum amount of vendor information needed. You should use short path names in options that require path names. If you create symbolic links to long paths, you can use the shorter link names.
You can use DHCP Manager to create the options that are listed in Table 3-4 and the macros that are listed in Table 3-5.
Perform the following tasks before you create DHCP macros for your installation.
Add the clients that you want to install with DHCP as install clients of your network installation server. For information about how to add a client to an install server, see Chapter 4, Installing From the Network (Overview).
Configure your DHCP server. If you have not configured your DHCP server, see Chapter 13, Planning for DHCP Service (Tasks), in System Administration Guide: IP Services.
Note - Roles contain authorizations and privileged commands. For more information about roles, see Configuring RBAC (Task Map) in System Administration Guide: Security Services.
# /usr/sadm/admin/bin/dhcpmgr &
The DHCP Manager window is displayed.
The Create Option panel opens.
Use the output of the add_install_client command , Table 3-3, and Table 3-4 to check the option names and values for options you must create. Notice that the vendor client classes are only suggested values. You should create classes to indicate the actual client types that need to obtain Solaris installation parameters from the DHCP service. See Working With DHCP Options (Task Map) in System Administration Guide: IP Services for information about how to determine a client's vendor client class.
The Duplicate Option panel opens.
The values for code, data type, granularity, and maximum are most likely to need modification. See Table 3-3 and Table 3-4 for the values.
You can now create macros to pass the options to network installation clients, as explained in the following procedure.
Note - You do not need to add these options to a Solaris client's /etc/dhcp/inittab file because they are already included in that file.
Perform the following tasks before you create DHCP macros for your installation.
Add the clients that you want to install with DHCP as install clients of your network installation server. For information about how to add a client to an install server, see Chapter 4, Installing From the Network (Overview).
Configure your DHCP server. If you have not configured your DHCP server, see Chapter 13, Planning for DHCP Service (Tasks), in System Administration Guide: IP Services.
Create the DHCP options that you want to use in your macro. For instructions about how to create DHCP options, see How to Create Options to Support Solaris Installation (DHCP Manager).
The Create Macro panel opens.
See Table 3-5 for macro names you might use.
The Select Option panel opens.
The Vendor options you created are listed.
See Table 3-3 and Table 3-4 for the option's data type and refer to the information that add_install_client -d reports.
To include another macro, type Include as the option name and type the macro name as the option value.
If you plan to use DHCP in an installation over the network, you need to set up an installation server and add the system as an installation client. For more information, see Chapter 4, Installing From the Network (Overview).
If you plan to use DHCP in a WAN boot installation, you need to perform additional tasks. For more information, see Chapter 10, WAN Boot (Overview).
If you plan to use DHCP in a custom JumpStart installation, you need to create a profile and a rules.ok file. For more information, see Chapter 2, Custom JumpStart (Overview), in Oracle Solaris 10 9/10 Installation Guide: Custom JumpStart and Advanced Installations.
For more information about DHCP, see Part III, DHCP, in System Administration Guide: IP Services.
You can create a Korn shell script by adapting the example in Example 3-1 to create all the options listed in Table 3-3 and Table 3-4 and some useful macros. Be sure to change all IP addresses and values contained in quotes to the correct IP addresses, server names, and paths for your network. You should also edit the Vendor= key to indicate the class of clients you have. Use the information that add_install_client -d reports to obtain the data that you need to adapt the script.
Example 3-1 Sample Script to Support Network Installation
# Load the Solaris vendor specific options. We'll start out supporting # the Sun-Blade-1000, Sun-Fire-880, and i86 platforms. Note that the # SUNW.i86pc option only applies for the Solaris 10 3/05 release. # Changing -A to -M would replace the current values, rather than add them. dhtadm -A -s SrootOpt -d \ 'Vendor=SUNW.Sun-Blade-1000 SUNW.Sun-Fire-880 SUNW.i86pc,1,ASCII,1,0' dhtadm -A -s SrootIP4 -d \ 'Vendor=SUNW.Sun-Blade-1000 SUNW.Sun-Fire-880 SUNW.i86pc,2,IP,1,1' dhtadm -A -s SrootNM -d \ 'Vendor=SUNW.Sun-Blade-1000 SUNW.Sun-Fire-880 SUNW.i86pc,3,ASCII,1,0' dhtadm -A -s SrootPTH -d \ 'Vendor=SUNW.Sun-Blade-1000 SUNW.Sun-Fire-880 SUNW.i86pc,4,ASCII,1,0' dhtadm -A -s SswapIP4 -d \ 'Vendor=SUNW.Sun-Blade-1000 SUNW.Sun-Fire-880 SUNW.i86pc,5,IP,1,0' dhtadm -A -s SswapPTH -d \ 'Vendor=SUNW.Sun-Blade-1000 SUNW.Sun-Fire-880 SUNW.i86pc,6,ASCII,1,0' dhtadm -A -s SbootFIL -d \ 'Vendor=SUNW.Sun-Blade-1000 SUNW.Sun-Fire-880 SUNW.i86pc,7,ASCII,1,0' dhtadm -A -s Stz -d \ 'Vendor=SUNW.Sun-Blade-1000 SUNW.Sun-Fire-880 SUNW.i86pc,8,ASCII,1,0' dhtadm -A -s SbootRS -d \ 'Vendor=SUNW.Sun-Blade-1000 SUNW.Sun-Fire-880 SUNW.i86pc,9,NUMBER,2,1' dhtadm -A -s SinstIP4 -d \ 'Vendor=SUNW.Sun-Blade-1000 SUNW.Sun-Fire-880 SUNW.i86pc,10,IP,1,1' dhtadm -A -s SinstNM -d \ 'Vendor=SUNW.Sun-Blade-1000 SUNW.Sun-Fire-880 SUNW.i86pc,11,ASCII,1,0' dhtadm -A -s SinstPTH -d \ 'Vendor=SUNW.Sun-Blade-1000 SUNW.Sun-Fire-880 SUNW.i86pc,12,ASCII,1,0' dhtadm -A -s SsysidCF -d \ 'Vendor=SUNW.Sun-Blade-1000 SUNW.Sun-Fire-880 SUNW.i86pc,13,ASCII,1,0' dhtadm -A -s SjumpsCF -d \ 'Vendor=SUNW.Sun-Blade-1000 SUNW.Sun-Fire-880 SUNW.i86pc,14,ASCII,1,0' dhtadm -A -s Sterm -d \ 'Vendor=SUNW.Sun-Blade-1000 SUNW.Sun-Fire-880 SUNW.i86pc,15,ASCII,1,0' dhtadm -A -s SbootURI -d \ 'Vendor=SUNW.Sun-Blade-1000 SUNW.Sun-Fire-880 SUNW.i86pc,16,ASCII,1,0' dhtadm -A -s SHTTPproxy -d \ 'Vendor=SUNW.Sun-Blade-1000 SUNW.Sun-Fire-880 SUNW.i86pc,17,ASCII,1,0' # Load some useful Macro definitions. # Define all Solaris-generic options under this macro named Solaris. dhtadm -A -m Solaris -d \ ':SrootIP4=10.21.0.2:SrootNM="blue2":SinstIP4=10.21.0.2:SinstNM="red5":' # Define all sparc-platform specific options under this macro named sparc. dhtadm -A -m sparc -d \ ':SrootPTH="/export/sparc/root":SinstPTH="/export/sparc/install":' # Define all sun4u architecture-specific options under this macro named sun4u. # (Includes Solaris and sparc macros.) dhtadm -A -m sun4u -d ':Include=Solaris:Include=sparc:' # Solaris on IA32-platform-specific parameters are under this macro named i86pc. # Note that this macro applies only for the Solaris 10 3/05 release. dhtadm -A -m i86pc -d \ ':Include=Solaris:SrootPTH="/export/i86pc/root":SinstPTH="/export/i86pc/install"\ :SbootFIL="/platform/i86pc/kernel/unix":' # Solaris on IA32 machines are identified by the "SUNW.i86pc" class. All # clients identifying themselves as members of this class will see these # parameters in the macro called SUNW.i86pc, which includes the i86pc macro. # Note that this class only applies for the Solaris 10 3/05 release. dhtadm -A -m SUNW.i86pc -d ':Include=i86pc:' # Sun-Blade-1000 platforms identify themselves as part of the # "SUNW.Sun-Blade-1000" class. # All clients identifying themselves as members of this class # will see these parameters. dhtadm -A -m SUNW.Sun-Blade-1000 -d \ ':SbootFIL="/platform/sun4u/kernel/sparcv9/unix":\ Include=sun4u:' # Sun-Fire-880 platforms identify themselves as part of the "SUNW.Sun-Fire-880" class. # All clients identifying themselves as members of this class will see these parameters. dhtadm -A -m SUNW.Sun-Fire-880 -d \ ':SbootFIL="/platform/sun4u/kernel/sparcv9/unix":Include=sun4u:' # Add our boot server IP to each of the network macros for our topology served by our # DHCP server. Our boot server happens to be the same machine running our DHCP server. dhtadm -M -m 10.20.64.64 -e BootSrvA=10.21.0.2 dhtadm -M -m 10.20.64.0 -e BootSrvA=10.21.0.2 dhtadm -M -m 10.20.64.128 -e BootSrvA=10.21.0.2 dhtadm -M -m 10.21.0.0 -e BootSrvA=10.21.0.2 dhtadm -M -m 10.22.0.0 -e BootSrvA=10.21.0.2 # Make sure we return host names to our clients. dhtadm -M -m DHCP-servername -e Hostname=_NULL_VALUE_ # Create a macro for PXE clients that want to boot from our boot server. # Note that this macro applies for the Solaris 10 3/05 release. dhtadm -A -m PXEClient:Arch:00000:UNDI:002001 -d \ :BootFile=nbp.i86pc:BootSrvA=10.21.0.2: # Create a macro for PXE clients that want to boot from our boot server. # Note that this macro applies for the Solaris 10 2/06 release. dhtadm -A -m PXEClient:Arch:00000:UNDI:002001 -d \ :BootFile=i86pc:BootSrvA=10.21.0.2: # Create a macro for the x86 based client with the Ethernet address 00:07:e9:04:4a:bf # to install from the network by using PXE. dhtadm -A -m 010007E9044ABF -d :BootFile=010007E9044ABF:BootSrvA=10.21.0.2: # The client with this MAC address is a diskless client. Override the root settings # which at the network scope setup for Install with our client's root directory. dhtadm -A -m 0800201AC25E -d \ ':SrootIP4=10.23.128.2:SrootNM="orange-svr-2":SrootPTH="/export/root/10.23.128.12":'
As superuser, execute dhtadm in batch mode. Specify the name of the script to add the options and macros to your dhcptab. For example, if your script is named netinstalloptions, type the following command.
# dhtadm -B netinstalloptions
Clients that have vendor client classes that are listed in the Vendor= string can now use DHCP to install over the network.
For more information about how to use the dhtadm command, see dhtadm(1M). For more information about the dhcptab file, see dhcptab(4).