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Solstice X.25 9.2 PAD User's Guide

Chapter 2 Making PAD Calls

If your System Administrator has made an entry for a remote host in the PAD Hosts Database, you can call it by name. If not, you must call it by the address. Before calling a host, make sure you have all the information you need.

Before you Start

Before you can make a PAD call, you need to know the following information:

If the host you are calling turns out not to be in the PAD hosts database, you also need to know

You also need to find out what parameters, if any, you need to set. You are very unlikely to need to set parameters if you are calling a host that is in the PAD Hosts Database. You may need to set parameters if you are calling a host that is not in the PAD Hosts Database.

Finding out your Terminal Type

To find out your terminal type, enter the following command: 


localhost% set | grep term

You system will display the terminal type, like this:


term   sun-cmd

Make a note of the terminal type, as you will need it once you have established a PAD connection.

Displaying the PAD Hosts Database

If you are not sure whether the host you want to call is in the PAD hosts database, you can use the pad program in command mode to find out.

  1. Start the pad program, by entering: 


    localhost% /opt/SUNWconn/bin/pad

    The system displays the PAD: prompt:


    PAD:

    This tells you that you are in command mode.

  2. Enter the hosts command to display the PAD hosts database:


    PAD: hosts

    The system displays the PAD hosts database:


    PAD: hosts

 			HOSTS AVAILABLE
 			---------------

 Name: host1

 Name: host2

 Name: host3

    Note -

    Starting the pad program is more convenient if /opt/SUNWconn/bin is in your PATH. If it is not, ask your System Administrator to add it. Once this is done, you only need to type pad to start the pad program.

Address Formats

If there is no entry for a host in the PAD Hosts Database, you must use its address to make a call to it. The type of address you use depends on the type of network you are making the call across.

If you are not sure of a remote host's address, ask your System Administrator.

Address Extensions

You can specify additional components to a numeric address. Each must be preceded by an identifier to tell the software what kind of extension this is. The available components and identifiers are:

Table 2-1 Address Extensions

Extension 

Identifier 

OSI NSAP address 

.N.

Non-OSI address extension 

.X.

Call User Data 

<space>~

Link Numbers

A link is an association between a physical line, for example a serial cable or a phone line, and a hardware port on your machine. You must specify the link number when you specify the address if the following are all true:

Calling a Host

You can call a host by name if it is in the PAD hosts database. Otherwise, you must specify its address.

If you have already started the pad program in command mode, for example to look at the PAD Hosts Database, you need to switch to call mode to call the host.

Alternatively, if you have not already started the pad program, you can start it up in call mode.

Starting the pad Program in Call Mode

To start the pad program in call mode and call a host:

  1. Start the pad program as follows, specifying either the name of the host you want to call, as it appears in the PAD Hosts Database or its address:


    localhost% /opt/SUNWconn/bin/pad hostname/address

    If you need to give the link number, put it before the hostname or address, followed by a period:


    localhost% /opt/SUNWconn/bin/pad linknumber.address

    The system responds with the break-in sequence, then tells you that it is trying to establish a connection, then displays a login prompt. 


    localhost% /opt/SUWNconn/bin/pad host1

Break-in sequence is '^Pa'

Connecting...
Connected
Solstice X.29 Terminal Service
login:

    Make a note of the break-in sequence as you need it to close the connection.

  2. Log into the remote system as normal, entering your password if the system prompts for one.

    For security reasons, the password is not echoed on the screen.


    login: username
Password: password
term: Undefined variable
remotehost%

  3. Set your terminal type.

    You need to do this if you are connecting to a host running the Solaris environment. You may also need to do so for some other operating systems. If in doubt, check with the person responsible for the remote host.

    If the remote host is running the Solaris 2.x environment and the Bourne shell, the default, set the terminal type like this:


    remotehost% set TERM=terminal type
remotehost% export TERM
remotehost% /usr/bin/tput reset

    If the remote host is running the Solaris 1.x environment and the Bourne shell, set the terminal type like this:


    remotehost% set TERM=terminal type
remotehost% export TERM
remotehost% /usr/bin/tset reset

    Once you have established a connection with the remote host, as shown above, you can work as normal.

Starting the pad Program in Command Mode

To start the pad program in command mode, enter: 


localhost% /opt/SUNWconn/bin/pad

The system displays the PAD: prompt:


PAD:

This tells you that you are in command mode.

Optionally, if you run the pad command with the f option and a user configuration file as a parameter, this will be executed first before the PAD: prompt appears.

Switch to call mode by calling a host. Enter the command call followed by the name or address of the remote host at the PAD: prompt, then continue as described in steps 2 and 3, above, like this: 


PAD: call hostname/address 
Break-in sequence is '^Pa'

Connecting...
Connected
Solstice X.29 Terminal Service
login: username
Password: password
term: Undefined variable
remotehost%
remotehost% set TERM=terminal type
remotehost% export TERM
remotehost% /usr/bin/tput reset

Calls Using Address Extensions

You can specify the following additional components of a numeric address: an OSI NSAP address, a non-OSI address extension, and Call User Data.

To specify an OSI NSAP address, enter a period, an N (uppercase only) and a period before the NSAP address:


PAD: call 21521122334455.N.4910002233

To specify a non-OSI address extension, enter a period, an X (uppercase only), and another period:


PAD: call 21521122334455.X.7777

Specify Call User Data by preceding the data with space followed by a tilde (~). For example: 


PAD: call 21521122334455 ~cud

The pad program automatically adds the X.29 protocol identifier (01000000) to the front of the data you specify.

If you enter a pad command using call user data in a c shell, you must escape the tilde by preceding it with a back-slash "\":


> pad 21521122334455 \~cud

You can also specify Call User Data in conjunction with an OSI or non-OSI address extension. For example:


PAD: call 21521122334455.N.4910002233 ~cud

Ending a PAD Call

To end a PAD call:

  1. Log out from the remote host. To do this, enter the appropriate log out command for the remote host's environment.

    For a Solaris 2.x environment using the Bourne shell, the command is logout:


    remotehost% logout

Call Cleared

PAD:

  2. Close the connection with the remote host.

    If Call Cleared appears when you enter logout, as shown above, you do not need to do this. Otherwise, enter clear to close down the connection:


    remotehost% logout
PAD: clear
Call Cleared
PAD:

  3. Exit from the pad program.

    To do this, enter quit at the PAD: prompt:


    PAD: quit
localhost%

Setting PAD Parameters

You are unlikely to need to set parameters for hosts that are included in the PAD hosts database, as the System Administrator should have set them when making the database entry. When calling hosts that are not in the PAD Hosts Database, the Solstice X.25 pad program's default values are appropriate in the majority of cases.

You must be in command mode to set parameters. You can either set them before making a call, or drop out of call mode in order to do so.

To switch from call mode to command mode, enter the Break-in sequence that was displayed when you made the call. In the example above, this is <Ctrl-p><a>. To return to Command Mode, resuming the connection with the remote host, press Return on an empty line. The example below shows how this works:


remotehost% <Ctrl-p><a>
PAD: native
PAD:

[Connection resumed]

remotehost%
Note -

The escape sequence is not echoed when you type it. It is shown in the example for clarity.

You can also use the pad -f command to specify the name of a file containing parameters.