Multithreaded Programming Guide

Previous: Appendix C MT Safety Levels: Library Interfaces


Numbers and Symbols

	32-bit architectures ( )

	__errno ( )

	__t_errno ( )


A

	Ada ( )

	adb ( ) ( )

	adding
		to LWP pool ( )
		signals to mask ( )

	aio_errno ( )

	AIO_INPROGRESS ( )

	aio_result_t ( ) ( ) ( )

	aiocancel(3) ( ) ( )

	aioread(3) ( ) ( ) ( )

	aiowait(3) ( )

	aiowrite(3) ( ) ( )

	algorithms
		faster with MT ( )
		parallel ( )
		sequential ( )

	alternate signal stacks ( ) ( )

	ANSI C ( )

	application-level threads ( )

	architecture
		multiprocessor ( )
		SPARC ( ) ( ) ( )

	assert statement ( ) ( ) ( )

	Async-Signal-Safe
		and signal handlers ( )
		category ( )
		functions ( ) ( )

	asynchronous
		event notification ( )
		I/O ( ) ( ) ( )
		semaphore use ( )
		signals ( ) ( )

	atomic, defined ( )

	automatic
		arrays, problems ( )
		LWP number adjustments ( )
		stack allocation ( )


B

	binary semaphores ( )

	binding
		reasons to bind ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
		threads to LWPs ( )
		values to keys ( ) ( )

	bottlenecks ( )

	bound threads ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
		alternate signal stacks ( )
		concurrency ( )
		defined ( )
		mixing with unbound threads ( )
		no LWP caching ( )
		priority ( )
		reasons to bind ( ) ( )
		scheduling class ( )


C

	C++ ( )

	cache, defined ( )

	caching
		not for bound thread LWPs ( )
		threads data structure ( )

	changing the signal mask ( ) ( )

	coarse-grained locking ( )

	code lock ( ) ( )

	code monitor ( ) ( )

	completion semantics ( )

	concurrency ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
		level ( )
		unbound threads ( )

	cond_broadcast(3T) ( ) ( )

	cond_init(3T) ( ) ( )

	cond_signal(3T) ( )

	cond_wait(3T) ( )

	condition variables ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	contention ( ) ( )

	continue execution ( )

	coroutine linkage ( )

	counting semaphores ( ) ( )

	creating
		stacks ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
		thread-specific keys ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
		threads ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	critical section ( )

	custom stack ( ) ( ) ( )


D

	-D_POSIX_C_SOURCE ( )

	-D_REENTRANT ( )

	daemon threads ( )

	data
		global ( )
		local ( )
		lock ( ) ( )
		profile ( )
		races ( )
		shared ( ) ( )
		thread specific,
			See thread-specific data

	dbx ( )

	deadlock ( ) ( ) ( )

	debugging ( ) ( )
		adb ( )
		dbx ( )

	deleting signals from mask ( )

	destructor function ( ) ( )

	detached threads ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	Dijkstra, E. W. ( )


E

	EAGAIN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	EBUSY ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	EDEADLK ( ) ( )

	EFAULT ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	EINTR ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	EINVAL ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	ENOMEM ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	ENOSPC ( )

	ENOSYS ( )

	ENOTSUP ( ) ( ) ( )

	EPERM ( )

	errno ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	errno.h ( )

	error checking ( )

	ESRCH ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	ETIME ( )

	event notification ( )

	examining the signal mask ( ) ( )

	exec(2) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	execution resources ( ) ( ) ( )

	exit(2) ( ) ( )

	exit(3C) ( )


F

	finding
		minimum stack size ( )
		thread concurrency level ( )
		thread priority ( )

	fine-grained locking ( )

	flags to thr_create() ( )

	flockfile(3S) ( )

	flowchart of compile options ( )

	fork(2) ( ) ( ) ( )

	fork1(2) ( ) ( )

	FORTRAN ( ) ( )

	funlockfile(3S) ( )


G

	getc(3S) ( )

	getc_unlocked(3S) ( )

	gethostbyname(3N) ( )

	gethostbyname_r(3N) ( )

	getrusage(3B) ( )

	global
		data ( )
		memory ( )
		side effects ( )
		state ( )
		variables ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	global variables ( )


H

	heap, malloc(3C) storage from ( )


I

	I/O
		asynchronous ( ) ( )
		nonsequential ( )
		standard ( )
		synchronous ( )

	inheriting priority ( )

	interrupt ( )

	interval timer ( )

	invariants ( ) ( )


J

	joining threads ( ) ( ) ( )


K

	kernel context switching ( )

	keys
		bind value to key ( )
		get specific key ( ) ( )
		global into private ( )
		storing value of ( ) ( )

	kill(2) ( ) ( )


L

	-lc ( ) ( ) ( )

	ld ( ) ( )

	libc ( ) ( ) ( )

	libC ( )

	libdl_stubs ( )

	libintl ( ) ( )

	libm ( ) ( )

	libmalloc ( ) ( )

	libmapmalloc ( ) ( )

	libnsl ( ) ( ) ( )

	libposix4 ( )

	libpthread ( ) ( )

	library
		C routines ( )
		MT safety ( )
		threads ( ) ( )

	libresolv ( )

	libsocket ( ) ( )

	libthread ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	libw ( ) ( )

	libX11 ( )

	lightweight processes ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
		adding an LWP ( )
		creation ( )
		debugging ( )
		defined ( )
		independence ( )
		in SunOS 4.0 ( )
		and system calls ( )
		multiplexing ( )
		not supported ( )
		profile state ( )
		shortage ( )
		special capabilities ( )

	limits, resources ( )

	limits.h ( )

	linking ( )

	local variable ( )

	lock hierarchy ( )

	lock_lint ( )

	locking ( )
		coarse grained ( ) ( )
		code ( )
		conditional ( )
		data ( )
		fine-grained ( ) ( )
		guidelines ( ) ( )
		invariants ( )

	locklint tool ( )

	LockLint usage ( )

	locks ( )
		mutual exclusion ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
		readers/writer ( ) ( )

	longjmp(3C) ( ) ( )

	LoopTool for parallelization ( )

	LoopTool reporter ( )

	-lpthread ( ) ( )

	lseek(2) ( )

	-lthread ( ) ( )

	LWPs,
		See lightweight processes


M

	main() ( )

	malloc(3C) ( )

	Mandelbrot program ( )

	MAP_NORESERVE ( )

	MAP_SHARED ( )

	memory
		global ( )
		ordering, relaxed ( )
		strongly ordered ( )

	mmap(2) ( ) ( )

	monitor, code ( ) ( )

	mprotect(2) ( ) ( )

	MT-Safe libraries ( )

	multiple-readers, single-writer locks ( )

	multiplexing with LWPs ( )

	multiprocessors ( ) ( )

	multithreading, defined ( )

	mutex_init(3T) ( ) ( )

	mutex_trylock(3T) ( )

	mutexmutual exclusion locks ( )

	mutual exclusion locks ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )


N

	`NDEBUG` ( )

	netdir ( )

	netselect ( )

	nice(2) ( ) ( ) ( )

	nondetached threads ( ) ( )

	nonsequential I/O ( )

	null
		procedures ( )
		threads ( ) ( ) ( )


P

	P operation ( )

	parallel
		algorithms ( )
		array computation ( )

	Pascal ( )

	PC, program counter ( )

	PC_GETCID ( )

	PC_GETCLINFO ( )

	PC_GETPARMS ( )

	PC_SETPARMS ( )

	per-process signal handler ( )

	per-thread signal handler ( )

	Peterson's Algorithm ( )

	PL/1 language ( )

	portability ( )

	POSIX 1003.4a ( )

	pread(2) ( ) ( )

	printf(3S) ( ) ( )

	printf problem ( )

	priocntl(2) ( ) ( ) ( )

	priority ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
		finding for a thread ( )
		inheritance ( ) ( ) ( )
		and scheduling ( )
		range ( )
		setting for a thread ( )

	process
		terminating ( )
		traditional UNIX ( )

	producer/consumer problem ( ) ( ) ( )

	profil(2) ( )

	profiling an LWP ( )

	programmer-allocated stack ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	prolagen, decrease semaphore value ( )

	pthread_atfork ( )

	pthread_attr_getdetachstate ( )

	pthread_attr_getinheritsched ( )

	pthread_attr_getschedparam ( )

	pthread_attr_getschedpolicy ( )

	pthread_attr_getscope ( )

	pthread_attr_getstackaddr ( )

	pthread_attr_getstacksize ( )

	pthread_attr_init ( )

	pthread_attr_setdetachstate ( )

	pthread_attr_setinheritsched ( )

	pthread_attr_setschedparam ( )

	pthread_attr_setschedpolicy ( )

	pthread_attr_setscope ( )

	pthread_attr_setstackaddr ( )

	pthread_attr_setstacksize ( )

	pthread_cancel ( )

	pthread_cleanup_pop ( )

	pthread_cleanup_push ( )

	`pthread_cond_broadcast` ( ) ( ) ( )

	pthread_cond_broadcast(3T) ( )
		example ( )

	`pthread_cond_destroy` ( )

	`pthread_cond_init` ( )

	`pthread_cond_signal` ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	pthread_cond_signal(3T) ( )
		example ( )

	`pthread_cond_timedwait` ( )

	pthread_cond_timedwait(3T) ( ) ( )
		example ( )

	`pthread_cond_wait` ( ) ( ) ( )

	pthread_cond_wait(3T) ( ) ( ) ( )
		example ( )

	`pthread_condattr_destroy` ( )

	`pthread_condattr_getpshared` ( )

	`pthread_condattr_init` ( )

	`pthread_condattr_setpshared` ( )

	pthread_create ( )

	pthread_detach ( )

	pthread_equal ( )

	pthread_exit ( ) ( )

	pthread_getschedparam ( )

	pthread_getspecific ( ) ( ) ( )

	pthread.h ( )

	pthread_join ( ) ( )

	pthread_join(3T) ( ) ( )

	pthread_keycreate ( ) ( ) ( )

	pthread_keycreate(3T), example ( )

	pthread_keydelete ( )

	pthread_kill ( )

	pthread_kill(3T) ( )

	`pthread_mutex_destroy` ( )

	`pthread_mutex_init` ( )

	`pthread_mutex_lock` ( )

	pthread_mutex_lock(3T)
		example ( ) ( ) ( )

	`pthread_mutex_trylock` ( ) ( )

	`pthread_mutex_unlock` ( )

	pthread_mutex_unlock(3T)
		example ( ) ( ) ( )

	`pthread_mutexattr_destroy` ( ) ( )

	`pthread_mutexattr_getpshared` ( )

	`pthread_mutexattr_init` ( )

	`pthread_mutexattr_setpshared` ( )

	pthread_once ( )

	`PTHREAD_PROCESS_PRIVATE` ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	`PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED` ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	PTHREAD_SCOPE_PROCESS ( ) ( )

	PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM ( ) ( )

	pthread_self ( )

	pthread_setcancelstate ( )

	pthread_setcanceltype ( )

	pthread_setprio(3T) ( ) ( )

	pthread_setspecific ( ) ( ) ( )

	pthread_setspecific(3T), example ( )

	pthread_sigmask ( )

	pthread_sigsetmask(3T) ( )

	PTHREAD_STACK_MIN() ( )

	pthread_testcancel ( )

	pthread_yield ( )

	putc(3S) ( )

	putc_unlocked(3S) ( )

	pwrite(2) ( ) ( )


R

	_r ( )

	read(2) ( ) ( )

	readers/writer locks ( ) ( )

	realtime ( )
		scheduling ( ) ( )

	red zone ( ) ( ) ( )

	_REENTRANT ( )

	reentrant ( ) ( )
		described ( )
		functions ( ) ( )
		strategies for making ( )

	register state ( )

	relaxed memory ordering ( )

	remote procedure callRPC ( )

	replacing signal mask ( )

	resume execution ( ) ( )

	RPC ( ) ( ) ( )

	RT,
		See realtime

	rw_rdlock(3T) ( )

	rw_tryrdlock(3T) ( )

	rw_trywrlock(3T) ( )

	rw_unlock(3T) ( )

	rw_wrlock(3T) ( )

	rwlock_destroy(3T) ( )

	rwlock_init(3T) ( ) ( )


S

	SA_RESTART ( )

	safety, threads interfaces ( ) ( )

	scheduling
		class ( ) ( )
		compute-bound threads ( )
		priorities ( )
		realtime ( ) ( )
		system class ( )
		timeshare ( ) ( )

	`sem_destroy` ( )

	`sem_init` ( )

	sem_init(3T), example ( )

	sem_post ( )

	`sem_post` ( )

	sem_post(3T), example ( )

	sem_trywait ( )

	`sem_trywait` ( )

	`sem_wait` ( )

	sem_wait(3T), example ( )

	sema_init(3T) ( )

	sema_post(3T) ( )

	semaphores ( ) ( ) ( )
		binary ( )
		counting, defined ( )

	sending signal to thread ( ) ( )

	sequential algorithms ( )

	setjmp(3C) ( ) ( ) ( )

	shared data ( ) ( )

	shared-memory multiprocessor ( )

	SIG_BLOCK ( )

	SIG_DFL ( )

	SIG_IGN ( )

	SIG_SETMASK ( )

	SIG_UNBLOCK ( )

	sigaction(2) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	sigaltstack(2) ( )

	SIGFPE ( ) ( )

	SIGILL ( )

	SIGINT ( ) ( ) ( )

	SIGIO ( ) ( )

	siglongjmp(3C) ( ) ( ) ( )

	signal(2) ( )

	signal(5) ( )

	signal.h ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	signals
		access mask ( ) ( )
		add to mask ( )
		asynchronous ( ) ( )
		delete from mask ( )
		handler ( ) ( ) ( )
		inheritance ( )
		masks ( )
		pending ( ) ( )
		replace current mask ( )
		send to thread ( ) ( )
		SIG_BLOCK ( )
		SIG_SETMASK ( )
		SIG_UNBLOCK ( )
		SIGSEGV ( )
		stack ( )
		unmasked and caught ( )

	sigprocmask(2) ( )

	SIGPROF ( )

	SIGSEGV ( ) ( )

	sigsend(2) ( )

	sigsetjmp(3C) ( ) ( )

	sigtimedwait(2) ( )

	SIGVTALRM ( )

	sigwait(2) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	SIGWAITING ( )

	single-threaded
		assumptions ( )
		code ( )
		defined ( )
		processes ( )

	size of stack ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	stack ( ) ( )
		address ( ) ( )
		boundaries ( )
		creation ( ) ( )
		custom ( )
		deallocation ( )
		minimum size ( ) ( )
		overflows ( )
		parameters ( )
		pointer ( )
		programmer-allocated ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
		red zone ( ) ( ) ( )
		returning a pointer to ( )
		size ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	stack_base ( ) ( )

	stack_size ( ) ( )

	standard I/O ( )

	standards ( )

	start_routine ( )

	static storage ( ) ( )

	stdio ( ) ( )

	store buffer ( )

	storing thread key value ( ) ( )

	streaming a tape drive ( )

	strongly ordered memory ( )

	strtoaddr ( )

	suspending a new thread ( )

	swap space ( )

	synchronization objects ( ) ( )
		condition variables ( ) ( ) ( )
		mutex locks ( ) ( )
		readers/writer locks ( )
		semaphores ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	synchronous I/O ( ) ( )

	system calls
		handling errors ( )
		and LWPs ( )

	system scheduling class ( )


T

	tape drive, streaming ( )

	terminating
		a process ( )
		threads ( )

	THR_BOUND ( ) ( )

	thr_continue(3T) ( )

	thr_create(3T) ( ) ( ) ( )

	THR_DAEMON ( )

	THR_DETACHED ( )

	thr_exit(3T) ( ) ( )

	thr_getconcurrency(3T) ( )

	thr_getprio(3T) ( )

	thr_getspecific(3T) ( )

	thr_join(3T) ( )

	thr_keycreate(3T) ( )

	thr_kill(3T) ( )

	thr_min_stack(3T) ( ) ( )

	THR_NEW_LWP ( ) ( ) ( )

	thr_self(3T) ( ) ( )

	thr_setconcurrency(3T) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	thr_setprio(3T) ( )

	thr_setspecific(3T) ( )

	thr_sigsetmask(3T) ( )

	THR_SUSPENDED ( )

	thr_yield(3T) ( ) ( )

	Thread Analyzer main window ( )

	Thread Analyzer tool ( )

	thread-directed signal ( )

	thread.h ( )

	thread-private storage ( )

	thread-specific data ( ) ( )
		global ( ) ( ) ( )
		global into private ( )
		new storage class ( )
		private ( )

	threads
		compute-bound ( )
		concurrencyconcurrency ( )
		creating ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
		daemon ( )
		defined ( )
		detached ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
		exit codes ( )
		exit status ( )
		identifiers ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
		initial ( )
		joining ( ) ( ) ( )
		keyskeys ( )
		library ( ) ( )
		lightweight processeslightweight processes ( )
		nondetached ( ) ( )
		null ( ) ( ) ( )
		prioritypriority ( )
		private data ( )
		safety ( ) ( )
		signalssignals ( )
		stacksstack ( )
		suspended ( )
		suspending ( )
		synchronizing ( ) ( )
		terminating ( ) ( ) ( )
		thread-specific datathread-specific data ( )
		unboundunbound threads ( )
		user-level ( ) ( ) ( )

	time-out ( ) ( )

	time slicing ( )

	timeshare scheduling class ( ) ( ) ( )

	tiuser.h ( )

	TLI ( ) ( )

	tools
		adb ( )
		dbx ( )
		debugger ( )
		lock_lint ( )

	total store order ( )

	trap ( )

	TS,
		See timeshare scheduling class

	TSD,
		See thread-specific data


U

	unbound threads ( )
		alternate signal stacks ( )
		caching ( )
		concurrency ( ) ( )
		defined ( )
		disadvantage ( )
		mixing with bound threads ( )
		priorities ( ) ( )
		reasons not to bind ( ) ( )
		and scheduling ( ) ( ) ( )
		and thr_setconcurrency(3T) ( ) ( )
		and pthread_setprio(3T) ( ) ( )

	unistd.h ( )

	UNIX ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	user-level threads ( ) ( ) ( )

	user space ( )

	USYNC_PROCESS ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

	USYNC_THREAD ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )


V

	V operation ( )

	variables
		condition ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
		global ( ) ( )
		primitive ( )

	verhogen, increase semaphore value ( )

	vfork(2) ( )


W

	write(2) ( ) ( )


X

	XDR ( )

Previous: Appendix C MT Safety Levels: Library Interfaces