Sun Java System Application Server Enterprise Edition Release Notes for HP-UX

Sun Java™ System Application Server Enterprise Edition Release Notes for HP-UX

Version 8.1 2005Q2

Part Number 819-4249-10

The Sun Java System Application Server Enterprise Edition 8.1 2005Q2 simplifies the task of creating and administering web services applications. It provides superior performance, clustering, and high availability features for scalable services that continue to operate despite software and hardware faults. The Application Server provides a development path for web services that simplifies the development process while providing uniquely flexible growth opportunities.

These release notes contain important information available at the time of the Sun Java System Application Server 8.1 2005Q2 release for HP-UX. Product requirements, platform summary, known problems, and other late-breaking issues are addressed here. Read this document before you begin using the Application Server product.

The most up-to-date version of these release notes can be found at the Sun Java System documentation web site: http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/prod/entsys.05q4. Check the web site prior to installing and setting up your software and then periodically thereafter to view the most up-to-date release notes and product documentation.

This document contains the following sections:

Third-party URLs are referenced in this document and provide additional, related information.


Note

Sun is not responsible for the availability of third-party web sites mentioned in this document. Sun does not endorse and is not responsible or liable for any content, advertising, products, or other materials that are available on or through such sites or resources. Sun will not be responsible or liable for any actual or alleged damage or loss caused by or in connection with the use of or reliance on any such content, goods, or services that are available on or through such sites or resources.



Release Notes Revision History

This section lists the changes that have been made in these release notes after the initial release of the Application Server 2005Q2 product:

Table 1  Revision History

Date

Description of Changes

February 2006

Revenue release.

November 2005

Beta release.


About Application Server 8.1 2005Q2

The Sun Java System Application Server Enterprise Edition 8.1 2005Q4 is a J2EE 1.4 platform compatible server for the development and deployment of J2EE applications and Java Web Services in large-scale production environments.

This section includes:

What’s New in This Release

The Application Server includes the following enhancements:

These two problems have now been fixed.

Compatibility Issues

In the next major release of the Sun Java System Application Server Enterprise Edition the following incompatibilities will be introduced:

Deploytool

Deploytool will no longer be available. The equivalent functionality is available in the NetBeans IDE. For more information and to plan a migration, please see J2EE 1.4 tutorial for NetBeans 4.1 at http://www.netbeans.org/kb/41/j2ee-tut/index.html.

Verifier

Classloader Changes

In the current release, the JAR and directory entries added to classpath-prefix, server-classpath, and classpath-suffix attributes of domain.xml (application server configuration file) are available in the JVM system classpath. An application depending on this behavior might be using the following methods from the class java.lang.ClassLoader to access classes or other resources from JVM system classpath:

In the next major release, the JAR and directory entries added to classpath-prefix, server-classpath, and classpath-suffix will no longer be available in the JVM system classpath. If an application uses one of the methods mentioned above, Sun strongly recommends using an equivalent method that does not assume that the resources are available in the system classpath. The equivalent methods that do not rely on the JVM system classpath are available in java.lang.ClassLoader and should be used when possible; for example:

Code Example 1  Old Code

java.net.URL url = ClassLoader.getSystemResource

("com/acme/tools/tools.properties");

Code Example 2  Suggested Change

java.net.URL url = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource

("com/acme/tools/tools.properties");

If it is not possible to change the code, then you may choose to use a new configuration option that will be added in the next release to set JVM system classpath.

Web Service Security Configuration

Security for Web services can be configured using the files wss-client-config.xml and wss-server-config.xml. Please note that the content and names of these configuration files are unstable and likely to change. The equivalent functionality will continue to be available.

J2EE Support

The Sun Java System Application Server 8.1 2005Q2 supports the J2EE 1.4 platform. The following table describes the enhanced APIs available on the J2EE 1.4 platform.

Table 2  Major API changes on the J2EE 1.4 Platform 

API

Description

Components

Application and Application Client

Implementation of standard deployment descriptors by means of XML schemas

Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) 2.1

Timer service and EJB Web-service endpoint

Java Servlet 2.4

Web-service endpoint filter

JavaServer Pages (JSP) 2.0 architecture

Expression language and tag library

J2EE Connector Architecture 1.5

Inbound resource adaptor and Java Message Service (JMS) pluggability

Web Services

Java Web Services Developer Pack 1.5

Integrated toolkit for building, testing and deploying XML applications, Web services, and Web applications

Java API for XML-based Remote Procedure Calls (JAX-RPC) 1.1

Mapping for WSDL and Java technology and support for development of Web-service clients and endpoints

WS-I Basic Profile 1.0

The enabling element for interoperability using WSDL and SOAP

SOAP with attachment API for Java (SAAJ) 1.2

An API for SOAP-based messaging; fosters the creation of SOAP messages with attachments

Java APIs for XML Registries (JAXR) 1.0

A uniform and standard API for accessing XML registries, such as those for Universal Description Discovery and Integration (UDDI and ebXML)

Other

J2EE Deployment 1.1

Standard APIs that enable deployments of J2EE components and applications

J2EE Management 1.0

Definitions for the information model for managing the J2EE platform

Java Management Extensions (JMX) 1.2

Standard management API

Java Authorization Contract for Containers (JACC) 1.0

Definitions of security contracts between a J2EE Application Server and the authorization policy provider

Java API for XML Processing (JAXP) 1.2

An API with which applications can parse and transform XML documents; also adds support for processing of XML schemas

JMS 1.1

A messaging standard that enables J2EE application components to create, send, receive, and read messages; also adds support for uniform APIs for queues and topics

JavaMail 1.3

A set of abstract classes that model a mail system; also includes minor updates to the APIs

High Performance

The Application Server includes a high performance EJB container, Web container and services, and supports concurrent message delivery with the Sun Java System Message Queue software.

Scalability

The Application Server supports horizontal scalability through clustering of server instances and request load balancing. It also achieves class leading vertical scalability supporting large multi-processor machines. The integrated message broker can be clustered for better scalability and availability. Client access from HTTP clients, RMI/IIOP based Rich Client Applications, Web Services Clients, and JRM Clients can be load balanced to Application Server clusters.

High Availability

The Application Server includes load balancing for HTTP, IIOP, and JMS clients; HTTP session failover support; EJB clustering and failover support; highly available EJB timers; distributed transaction recovery; support for rolling application upgrades; and a high availability database for storing the transient state of J2EE applications.

Availability allows for failover protection of Application Server instances in a cluster. If one Application Server instance goes down, another Application Server instance takes over the sessions that were assigned to the unavailable server. Session information is stored in the HADB. HADB supports the persistence of HTTP sessions, Stateful Session Beans, and Single Sign On credentials.

JavaServer Faces 1.1 Support

The Sun Java System Application Server Enterprise Edition 8.1 supports JavaServer Faces 1.1 technology. The JavaServer Faces technology consists of a set of server-side APIs that represent user-interface components that manage their state, event, handling, and input validation. The APIs also define page navigation and support internationalization and accessibility. You can add custom UI components with a JSP custom tag library.

While developing with JavaServer Faces technology, each member of a development team can focus on a single piece of the process. A simple programming model then links the pieces, resulting in a much more efficient and simpler development cycle.

Hardware and Software Requirements

The following software is required for Application Server 8.1 2005Q2.

Table 3  HP-UX Hardware and Software Requirements

Component

Platform Requirement

Supported Platform

HP-UX PA-RISC 2

Operating System

HP-UX 11i v1

RAM

2 Gbytes

Disk Space

750 Mbytes


Bugs Fixed in This Release

The table below describes the bugs fixed in Application Server 8.1 2005Q2:

Table 4  Fixed Bugs in Application Server 8.1 2005Q2

Bug Number

Description

6233605

Start up problem in Application Server.

6256580

Web Server start fails due to permission error in lbplugin.

6256583

Server installation on Solaris.


Important Information

This section lists the requirements that must be met before installing the Sun Java System Application Server Enterprise Edition 8.1 product.

System Requirements

Platform Requirements

The following table lists the operating systems that are supported for Sun Java System Application Server Enterprise Edition 8.1 2005Q2 product for HP-UX. Additionally, the minimum and recommended memory requirements are identified for installing and running the Application Server.

Table 5  Supported Operating Systems

Operating System

Minimum Memory

Recommended Memory

Minimum Disk Space

Recommended Disk Space

JVM

HP-UX 11i V1 (PA-RISC 2)

700 Mbytes

2 Gbytes

500 Mbytes free

700 Mbytes free

JDK 1.4.2_03

J2SE 5.0

On HP-UX, you can check your operating system version using the uname -a command. Disk space can be checked using the df or bdf command.

HP-UX Patch Requirements

Remove krng11i (random number generator from OS) patch from the HP-UX system for Application Server to function.

JDBC Drivers and Databases

The Sun Java System Application Server is designed to support connectivity to any DBMS with a corresponding JDBC driver. For a list of components that Sun has tested and found to be acceptable for constructing J2EE compatible database configurations, please refer to the following table:

Table 6  J2EE Compatible JDBC Drivers

JDBC Vendor

JDBC Driver Type

Supported Database Server

i-net Software

Type 4

Oracle (R) 8.1.7, 9i, 9.2.0.3

i-net Software

Type 2

Oracle (R) 9i,

i-net Software

Type 4

Sybase ASE 12.5.2

i-net Software

Type 4

MS SQL Server 2000 4.0 Service Pack 1

IBM

Type 2

IBM DB2 8.1 Service Pack 3+

PointBase

Type 4

PointBase Network Server 4.8

Data Direct

Type 4

Oracle (R) 8.1.7, 9i, 9.2.0.3

Data Direct

Type 4

Sybase ASE 12.5.2

Data Direct

Type 4

Microsoft SQL Server

Data Direct

Type 4

iIBM DB2 8.1 Service Pack 3+

Sun Java JDBC Driver for Oracle

Type 4

Oracle (R) 9.2.0.3, 10G

Sun Java JDBC Driver for DB2

Type 4

Sybase ASE 12.5.2

Sun Java JDBC Driver for Sybase

Type 4

MS SQL Server 2000 4.0 Service Pack 1

Sun Java JDBC Driver for Microsoft SQL Server

Type 4

MS SQL Server 2000 4.0 Service Pack 1

Oracle

Type 4,Type 2

Oracle (R) 9.2.0.3, 10G

For more information about i-net Software, see:

http://www.inetsoftware.de/

The following table identifies additional supported JDBC drivers; however these drivers are not J2EE compatible.

Table 7  JDBC Drivers not J2EE compatible

JDBC Vendor

JDBC Driver Type

Supported Database Server

Oracle

Type 4

Oracle (R) 9.2.0.3, 10G

Sybase

jConnector

Sybase ASE 12.5.1

Additional drivers have been tested to meet the JDBC requirements of the J2EE 1.4 platform with the JDBC Driver Certification Program. These drivers can be used for JDBC connectivity with the Sun Java System Application Server. While Sun offers no product support for these drivers, we support the use of these drivers with the Sun Java System Application Server.

Configuring Oracle

Oracle JDBC drivers must be configured properly to be compliant with J2EE 1.4. Use the following configuration for Type 2 and Type 4 drivers:

  1. Use the JDBC driver from 9.2.0.3 or later.
  2. The Oracle database needs to have compatible=9.0.0.0.0 or higher in its parameter (init.ora) file.
  3. Use the ojdbc14.jar file.
  4. Configure the Application Server to define the following JVM property:

Configuring PointBase

Many sample applications use the PointBase database server included with the Application Server. When using Application Server Enterprise Edition, you must configure the PointBase database server before using it. Before using PointBase with the Application Server, however, note the supported configuration combination.

Table 8  Supported J2SE/PointBase Combinations

Application Server

PointBase

Supported

J2SE 5.0

J2SE 1.4

Unsupported

J2SE 1.4

J2SE 5.0

J2SE 1.4

J2SE 5.0

There are two ways to configure PointBase:

To use the first method:

  1. Make sure you have the J2SE installed that you want to use.
  2. Download J2SE 1.4.2 if you do not already have it.

  3. Using the command appropriate for your operating system and shell, set the JAVA_HOME environment variable to the directory in which J2SE is installed; for example:

To use the second method, the procedure depends on the operating system.

Solaris, Linux and HP Unix

Edit the install_dir/pointbase/tools/serveroption/pbenv.conf configuration file, changing the line:

PB_JAVA=%%%PB_JAVA%%%

where J2SE_location is the directory where the J2SE is installed. If you installed J2SE with Application Server, it is installed by default to install_dir/jdk. After making this change, you can start PointBase using the startserver script.

Windows

Edit the install_dir\pointbase\tools\serveroption\pbenv.bat configuration file, changing the line:

set PB_JAVA=%%%PB_JAVA%%%

where J2SE_location is the directory in which the J2SE is installed. If you installed J2SE with Application Server, it is installed by default to install_dir\j2se1.4. After making this change, you can start PointBase by running startserver.bat.

Web Servers

This section lists the web servers that are supported for the Sun Java System Application Server Enterprise Edition 8.12005Q2.

Table 9  Supported Web Servers

Web Server

Version

Operating System

Sun Java System Web Server

6.1 Service Pack 4

HP-UX 11.11i v1

Sun Java System Web Server

6.1 Service Pack 4

Solaris SPARC 8, 9, 10

Sun Java System Web Server

6.1 Service Pack 4

Solaris x86, 9, 10

Sun Java System Web Server

6.1 Service Pack 4

Windows 2003 Enterprise

Sun Java System Web Server

6.1 Service Pack 5

HP-UX 11.11i v1

Browsers

This section lists the browsers that are supported with the Sun Java System Application Server Enterprise Edition 8.12005Q2.

Table 10   Supported Browsers

Browser

Version

Mozilla

1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7.x

Netscape Navigator

4.79, 6.2

Internet Explorer

5.5 Service Pack 2, 6.0

High Availability Requirements and Limitations

Though HADB server is not supported on HP-UX 11.11i, HADB client is supported. HADB Server can be downloaded from the following location:

http://www.sun.com/download/sdl.jsp?2a1c7bbd=1.

The following high availability requirements must be met before configuring the Sun Java System Application Server High Availability component:

HADB File System Support

There are several important considerations if you want to configure HADB to use one of the following file systems:

Refer to the Sun Java System Application Server Enterprise Edition 8.1 Installation Guide for detailed information about installing and configuring HADB with Application Server 8.1 software.

Upgrading the High Availability Database

Pre-upgrade Tasks/Data Migration

Users should keep the HADB history files, management agent configuration files, log files and repository, and all the data devices outside the installation path. If not, this should be done prior to the upgrade. To move the management repository and configuration files:

  1. Stop all the old management agents and keep the HADB nodes running.
  2. On each host, move the repository directory to the new location.
  3. On each host, copy the dbconfig directory to the new location.
  4. On each host, update the mgt.cfg file, and set the correct path for dbconfig and repository directory.
  5. Start the management agents using the updated mgt.cfg file.

Upgrade Procedure

To upgrade from HADB version 4.4.x to version 4.4.2-7, apply the following steps:

  1. Perform the pre-upgrade tasks mentioned above as necessary.
  2. Install HADB version 4.4.2-7 on all HADB hosts (on another path than that of version 4.4.x, for instance on /opt/SUNWhadb/4.4.2-7).
  3. Install the HADB 4.4.2-7 version on the hadbm client hosts, if they are different than that of the HADB hosts.
  4. Stop all management agents running on all HADB hosts.
  5. Start the management agent processes using the HADB 4.4.2-7 software, with the old configuration files. In the remaining user the hadbm command found in the HADB 4.4.2-7 /bin directory.
  6. Register the package in the management domain (default package name becomes V4.4, so another package name may be required to avoid conflicts with existing packages having the same name):
  7. hadbm registerpackage --packagepath=/opt/SUNWhadb/4.4.2-7 V4.4.2-7

  8. Run the hadbm listpackages command and check that the new package is registered in the domain.
  9. Restart the database with the new hadbm version 4.4.2-7. If it is necessary to move the devices and history files, run online upgrade combined with setting new paths for devices and history files in one single operation:
  10. hadbm set packagename=V4.4.2-7,devicepath=new_devpath,historypath=new_histpath

  11. Check that the database status is “running” (using the hadbm status command) and that it functions normally, serving the client transactions).
  12. If everything is working, the old installation can be removed later. Before unregistering the old package, remove all references to the old package from the ma repository. Otherwise, hadbm unregisterpackage will fail with “package in use.” A dummy reconfiguration operation, for instance, hadbm set connectiontrace=same as previous value will remove all references to the old package. Now, unregister the old package:
  13. hadbm unregisterpackage [--hosts=host-list] old pacakge name

  14. Remove the old installation from the file system.

Testing the Upgrade

On Solaris, to test that the upgrade was successful, check that the upgrade was performed properly:

  1. Ensure that the running processes use the new binaries. Check the following in all HADB nodes:
  2. new path/bin/ma -v new path/bin/hadbm -v

  3. Check whether the database is running. The following command should show that all the HADB nodes are in a “running” state.
  4. new path/bin/hadbm status -n

  5. Ensure that the products using HADB have changed their pointers to point to the new HADB path.
  6. The products using the HADB can run their upgrade tests to verify the HADB upgrade is also working.
  7. After an online upgrade, if the new version does not work properly, go back to using the previous HADB version. However, if there has been a change to the management agent repository, the HADB itself can be downgraded, but the new management agent must be kept running.

Switching to J2SE 1.4.2

Sun Java System Application Server 8.1 2005Q2 supports J2SE 5.0 as the underlying JVM, however the bundled PointBase database does not. If you want to use PointBase with the Application Server, download J2SE 1.4.2 and use it instead of the bundled J2SE 5.0 JVM. To do this, perform the following steps:

  1. Download the J2SE 1.4.2 SDK (not the JRE) from http://www.hp.com/products1/unix/java and install it on your system, if you have not already done so.
  2. Completely stop the Application Server.
  3. You can use the following command line:

  1. Edit the install_dir/config/asenv.conf file (asenv.bat on Windows), changing the value for AS_JAVA to point to the J2SE 1.4.2 home directory:
  2. Edit the as-install/samples/common.properties file, changing the line beginning “com.sun.aas.javaRoot...” to reference the J2SE 1.4.2 home directory.
  3. Restart the Application Server.

Other Requirements

The following additional requirements should be met before installing the Sun Java System Application Server software.

For further compatibility information, see the Upgrade and Migration Guide at:

Installation Notes

For information about patch requirements and installation, see the following section:

Patch Requirement Information

The following table gives the numbers and minimum versions for the alignment patches. All patches referred to in this section are the minimum version number required for upgrade. It is possible that a new version of the patch has been issued since this document was published. A newer version is indicated by a different version number at the end of the patch. For example: 123456-04 is a newer version of 123456-02 but they are the same patch ID. Refer to the README file for each patch listed for special instructions.

To access the patches, go to http://sunsolve.sun.com.

Table 11  Application Server 8.1 2005Q2 Alignment Patches Required For HP-UX

Patch Number

Patch Description

121936-01

HP-UX 11.11: Sun Java™ System Message Queue 3 2005Q4 (Localization Patch)

121937-01

HP-UX 11.11: Lockhart Localization Patch

121514-01

HP-UX 11.11: Sun Java™ System Application Server 8.1 2005Q2

121934-01

HP-UX 11.11: Sun Java™ System Application Server 8.1 2005Q2 (Localization Patch)

For detailed information about Upgrade procedure of the Application Server from JES3 to JES4 refer Sun Java Enterprise System 2005Q4 Upgrade Guide for HP-UX located at http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/doc/819-4460.

Documentation Notes

In addition to these release notes, the Application Server product includes an entire set of documentation that can be found at this location:

The following table summarizes the books included in the Application Server core application documentation set.

Table 12  Books in This Documentation Set 

Book Title

Description

Release Notes

Late-breaking information about the software and the documentation. Includes a comprehensive, table-based summary of the supported hardware, operating system, JDK, and JDBC/RDBMS.

Quick Start Guide

How to get started with the Sun Java System Application Server product.

Installation Guide

Installing the Sun Java System Application Server software and its components.

Deployment Planning Guide

Evaluating your system needs and enterprise to ensure that you deploy Sun Java System Application Server in a manner that best suits your site. General issues and concerns that you must be aware of when deploying an application server are also discussed.

Developer’s Guide

Creating and implementing Java™ 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE™ platform) applications intended to run on the Sun Java System Application Server that follow the open Java standards model for J2EE components and APIs. Includes general information about developer tools, security, assembly, deployment, debugging, and creating lifecycle modules.

J2EE 1.4 Tutorial

Using J2EE 1.4 platform technologies and APIs to develop J2EE applications and deploying the applications on the Sun Java System Application Server.

Administration Guide

Configuring, managing, and deploying the Sun Java System Application Server subsystems and components from the Administration Console.

High Availability Administration Guide

Post-installation configuration and administration instructions for the high-availability database.

Administration Reference

Editing the Sun Java System Application Server configuration file, domain.xml.

Upgrade and Migration Guide

Migrating your applications to the new Sun Java System Application Server programming model, specifically from Application Server 6.x and 7. This guide also describes differences between adjacent product releases and configuration options that can result in incompatibility with the product specifications.

Performance Tuning Guide

Tuning the Sun Java System Application Server to improve performance.

Troubleshooting Guide

Solving Sun Java System Application Server problems.

Error Message Reference

Solving Sun Java System Application Server error messages.

Reference Manual

Utility commands available with the Sun Java System Application Server; written in manpage style. Includes the asadmin command line interface.

Accessibility Features for People With Disabilities

To obtain accessibility features that have been released since the publishing of this media, consult Section 508 product assessments available from Sun upon request to determine which versions are best suited for deploying accessible solutions. Updated versions of applications can be found at http://sun.com/software/javaenterprisesystem/get.html.

For information on Sun’s commitment to accessibility, visit http://sun.com/access.


Known Issues and Limitations

This section describes the known issues and limitations of Sun Java System Application Server Enterprise Edition 8.1 2005Q2 for HP-UX. This section covers the following topics:

Start up

Sun ONE application server 8.1 supports only Sun ONE webserver load balancer (6257606)

Application Server Load balancer does not support Apache webserver hence the user need to select Sun ONE webserver during Application Server configuration.

Workaround

None.

Number format exception occurs while running Loadbalancer/Idempotent test (6299849)

Install Sun Java System Appserver 8.1EE from Java Enterprise Systems 3 and setup SIFT cluster environment. Deploy 71/Apps/Loadbalancer/Infinite/infinite.war and give context root /infinite/infiniteLoopServlet?no-of-loops=20. Now trying to access the webserver with its context root, like http://hostname.domainname:80/infinite/infiniteLoopServlet?no-of-loops=20 throws NumberFormatException while parsing the loop count.

Workaround

  1. Deploy the loadbalancer/idempotent war file.
  2. Make entry in loadbalancer.xml with context root
  3. <web-module context-root="/infinite" enabled="true" disable-timeout-in-minutes="60" error-url="">

    <idempotent-url-pattern url-pattern="/SessionExample*" no-of-retries="-1"/>

    </web-module>

  4. Restart webserver
  5. Enter the value 20 and Submit.
  6. Get the resultant value.

Application Server conflict with KRNG11i patch for Random number generation (6319336)

If system patch KRNG11i is installed on the machine then startup of domain fails.

swlist | grep KRNG11i

If you see in /var/opt/sun/appserver/domain/domain1/logs/server.log file you will see exception related to SecureRandom.setSeed Caused by: java.io.IOException: No such device (errno:19)

Workaround

Move the following files:

mv /dev/random /dev/random.mv

mv /dev/urandom /dev/urandom.mv

Then create domain and start it. It can be successfully executed.

Uninstallation

Uninstallation does not remove Application server folder during complete Java Enterprise Systems uninstall (6229908)

Uninstallation does not remove Application server folder when uninstalling all components of Java Enterprise Systems 3.

Workaround

The user need to manually remove the /opt/sun/appserver directory after uninstallation, provided they don't have any node-agent or instance related data in this directory.


Redistributable Files

Sun Java System Application Server Enterprise Edition 8.1 does not contain any files that can be redistributed.


How to Report Problems and Provide Feedback

Use the following resources to handle problems you may encounter with the Application Server product:

Sun Welcomes Your Comments

Sun is interested in improving its documentation and welcomes your comments and suggestions.

To share your comments, go to http://docs.sun.com and click Send Comments. In the online form, provide the document title and part number. The part number is a seven-digit or nine-digit number that can be found on the title page of the guide or at the top of the document.


Additional Sun Resources

Useful Sun Java System information can be found at the following Internet locations:


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Sun Microsystems, Inc. has intellectual property rights relating to technology embodied in the product that is described in this document. In particular, and without limitation, these intellectual property rights may include one or more of the U.S. patents listed at http://www.sun.com/patents and one or more additional patents or pending patent applications in the U.S. and in other countries.

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Portions may be derived from Berkeley BSD systems, licensed from U. of CA.

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