OpenBoot 3.x Command Reference Manual

Booting Your System

The most important function of OpenBoot firmware is to boot the system. Booting is the process of loading and executing a stand-alone program such as an operating system. Booting can either be initiated automatically or by typing a command at the User Interface.

The boot process is controlled by a number of configuration variables. (Configuration variables are discussed in detail in Chapter 3, Setting Configuration Variables) The configuration variables that affect the boot process are:

auto-boot?

This variable controls whether or not the system automatically boots after a system reset or when the power is turned on. This variable is typically true.

boot-command

This variable specifies the command to be executed when auto-boot? is true. The default value of boot-command is boot with no command line arguments.

diag-switch?

If the value is true, run in the Diagnostic mode. This variable is false by default.

boot-device

This variable contains the name of the default boot device that is used when OpenBoot is not in diagnostic mode.

boot-file

This variable contains the default boot arguments that are used when OpenBoot is not in diagnostic mode.

diag-device

This variable contains the name of the default diagnostic mode boot device.

diag-file

This variable contains the default diagnostic mode boot arguments.

Based on the values of the above configuration variables, the boot process can proceed in a number of different ways. For instance:

If auto-boot? is true, the machine will boot from either the default boot device or from the diagnostic boot device depending on whether OpenBoot is in diagnostic mode.

If auto-boot? is false, the machine will stop at the OpenBoot User Interface without booting the system. To boot the system, you can do one of the following:
- Type the boot command without any arguments. The machine will boot from the default boot device using the default boot arguments.
- Type the boot command with an explicit boot device. The machine will boot from the specified boot device using the default boot arguments.
- Type the boot command with explicit boot arguments. The machine will use the specified arguments to boot from the default boot device.
- Type the boot command with an explicit boot device and with explicit arguments. The machine will boot from the specified device with the specified arguments.

Booting for the Casual User

Typically, auto-boot? will be true, boot-command will be boot, and OpenBoot will not be in diagnostic mode. Consequently, the system will automatically load and execute the program and arguments described by boot-file from the device described by boot-device when the system is first turned on or following a system reset.

If you want to boot the default program when auto-boot? is false, simply type boot at the ok prompt.

Booting for the Expert User

Booting is the process of loading and executing a client program. The client program is normally an operating system or an operating system's loader program, but boot can also be used to load and execute other kinds of programs, such as diagnostics. (For more details about loading programs other than the operating system, see Chapter 5, Loading and Executing Programs").

Booting usually happens automatically based on the values contained in the configuration variables described above. However, the user can also initiate booting from the User Interface.

OpenBoot performs the following steps during the boot process:

The firmware may reset the machine if a client program has been executed since the last reset. (The execution of a reset is implementation dependent.)

A device is selected by parsing the boot command line to determine the boot device and the boot arguments to use. Depending on the form of the boot command, the boot device and/or argument values may be taken from configuration variables.

The bootpath and bootargs properties in the /chosen node of the device tree are set with the selected values.

The selected program is loaded into memory using a protocol that depends on the type of the selected device. For example, a disk boot might read a fixed number of blocks from the beginning of the disk, while a tape boot might read a particular tape file.

The loaded program is executed. The behavior of the program may be further controlled by the argument string (if any) that was either contained in the selected configuration variable or was passed to the boot command on the command line.

Often, the program loaded and executed by the boot process is a secondary boot program whose purpose is to load yet another program. This secondary boot program may use a protocol different from that used by OpenBoot to load the secondary boot program. For example, OpenBoot might use the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) to load the secondary boot program while the secondary boot program might then use the Network File System (NFS) protocol to load the operating system.

Typical secondary boot programs accept arguments of the form:

filename -flags

where filename is the name of the file containing the operating system and where -flags is a list of options controlling the details of the start-up phase of either the secondary boot program, the operating system or both. Please note that, as shown in the boot command template immediately below, OpenBoot treats all such text as a single, opaque arguments string that has no special meaning to OpenBoot itself; the arguments string is passed unaltered to the specified program.

The boot command has the following format:

ok boot [device-specifier] [arguments]

The optional parameters for the boot command are described in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1 Optional boot Command Parameters


Parameter	Description
[`device-specifier`]	The name (full path name or `devalias`) of the boot device. Typical values include: `cdrom` (CD-ROM drive) `disk` (hard disk) `floppy` (3-1/2" diskette drive) `net` (Ethernet) `tape` (SCSI tape) If device-specifier is not specified and if `diagnostic-mode?` returns `false`, `boot` uses the device specified by the `boot-device` configuration variable. If device-specifier is not specified and if `diagnostic-mode?` returns `true`, `boot` uses the device specified by the `diag-device` configuration variable.
[`arguments`]	The name of the program to be booted (e.g. `stand/diag`) and any program arguments. If `arguments` is not specified and if `diagnostic-mode?` returns `false`, `boot` uses the file specified by the `boot-file` configuration variable. If `arguments` is not specified and if `diagnostic-mode?` returns `true`, `boot` uses the file specified by the `diag-file` configuration variable.

Note -

Most commands (such as boot and test) that require a device name accept either a full device path name or a device alias. In this manual, the term device-specifier indicates that either an appropriate device path name or a device alias is acceptable for such commands.

Since a device alias cannot be syntactically distinguished from the arguments, OpenBoot resolves this ambiguity as follows:

If the space-delimited word following boot on the command line begins with /, the word is a device-path and, thus, a device-specifier. Any text to the right of this device-specifier is included in arguments.

Otherwise, if the space-delimited word matches an existing device alias, the word is a device-specifier. Any text to the right of this device-specifier is included in arguments.

Otherwise, the appropriate default boot device is used, and any text to the right of boot is included in arguments.

Consequently, boot command lines have the following possible forms.

ok boot

With this form, boot loads and executes the program specified by the default boot arguments from the default boot device.

ok boot device-specifier

If boot has a single argument that either begins with the character / or is the name of a defined devalias, boot uses the argument as a device specifier. boot loads and executes the program specified by the default boot arguments from the specified device.

For example, to explicitly boot from the primary disk, type:

ok boot disk

To explicitly boot from the primary network device, type:

ok boot net

If boot has a single argument that neither begins with the character / nor is the name of a defined devalias, boot uses all of the remaining text as its arguments.

ok boot arguments

boot loads and executes the program specified by the arguments from the default boot device.

ok boot device-specifier arguments

If there are at least two space-delimited arguments, and if the first such argument begins with the character / or if it is the name of a defined devalias, boot uses the first argument as a device specifier and uses all of the remaining text as its arguments. boot loads and executes the program specified by the arguments from the specified device.

For all of the above cases, boot records the device that it uses in the bootpath property of the /chosen node. boot also records the arguments that it uses in the bootargs property of the /chosen node.

Device alias definitions vary from system to system. Use the devalias command, described in Chapter 1, Overview", to obtain the definitions of your system's aliases.