About Sun ONE Application Server Performance

The following table provides a description of tasks and provides a pointer to the location for instructions, as you tune the Sun ONE Application Server.

Table 1-1 Performance Tuning Roadmap
Step	Description of Task	Location of Instructions
1	Decide on your high-availability topology and set up your systems	System Deployment Guide
2	Install the HADB software with or without the Sun ONE Application Server software	Installation Guide
3	Information on how to configure and administer the Sun ONE Application Server subsystems and components.	Administrator’s Guide
4.	Tune your application, Java Runtime System, operating system, high-availability database (HADB), and the Sun ONE Application Server.	Performance Tuning Guide

Why Tune the Application Server?

Performance can be significantly enhanced by adjusting a few deployment descriptor settings or server configuration file modifications. However, it is important to understand the environment and performance goals. An optimal configuration for a production environment may not necessarily be optimal for a development environment. This guide helps you to understand the tuning and sizing options available, providing you the capabilities and practices to obtain the best performance out of your Sun ONE Application Server.

Capacity Planning

The following table describes factors that affect performance. The left most column describes the concept, the second column describes when the practical aspect of the concept, the third column describes the measurement, and the right most column describes the value sources.

Table 1-2 Factors That Affect Performance - Applying Concepts
Concept	Applying the Concept	Measurement	Value Sources
User Load	Concurrent Sessions at Peak Load	Transactions Per Minute (TPM) Web Interactions Per Second (WIPS)	( (Number of Concurrent Users at Peak Load) * Expected Response Time) / (Time between clicks) For example, (100 Concurrent Users * 2 seconds Response Time) / (10 seconds between clicks) = 20.
Application Scalability	Transaction Rate measured on one CPU	TPM or WIPS	Measured from workload benchmark. Needs to be performed at each tier.
	vertical scalability (additional performance for additional CPU)	Percentage gain per additional CPU	Based on curve fitting from benchmark. Perform tests while gradually increasing the number of CPUs. Identify the “knee” of the curve, where additional CPUs are providing uneconomical gains in performance. Requires tuning as described in later chapters of this guide. Needs to be performed at each tier and iterated if necessary. Stop here if this meets performance requirements.
	horizontal scalability (additional performance for additional server)	Percentage gain per additional server process and/or hardware node.	Use a well tuned single application server instance, as in previous step. Measure how much each additional server instance and/or hardware node improves performance.
Safety Margins	High Availability Requirements.	If system should cope with failures, size the system to meet performance requirements assuming that one or more application server instances are non functional	Different equations used if High Availability is required.
Safety Margins	Slack for unexpected peaks	It is desirable to operate a server at less than its benchmarked peak, for some safety margin	80% system capacity utilization at peak loads, may work for most installations. Measure your deployment under real and simulated peak loads.

Performance Tuning Sequence

Configuration Files

The files init.conf, obj.conf, and server.xml are Sun ONE Application Server configuration files containing many attributes that can be modified to improve performance. They are frequently mentioned in this guide and can be found in the following directory:

APPSERVER_HOME is the installation directory for the Sun ONE Application Server. DOMAIN_NAME and SERVER_NAME refer to the domain and server names for the server instance to be configured.

The config/backup directories contain a replica of the server configuration files. These files are created by the administration server instance. In general, users should not change these files. If the config files are edited, make a copy of the files and place them in the backup directory. Additionally, the server instance should be restarted.

Logging and Performance

The Sun ONE Application Server produces log messages and exception stack trace output that gets written to the log file. These log messages and exception stacks can be found in the logs directory of the instance. Naturally, the volume of log activity can impact server performance; particularly in benchmarking situations.

By default, the log level is set to INFO. The log level can be set for all the server subsystems by changing the attribute level in the log_service element. You can override the logging level by adjusting it at a particular subsystem. For example, mdb_container can produce log messages at a different lever than server default by adjusting the log_level attribute under the mdb_container element. To get more debug messages, set the log level to FINE, FINER, or FINEST. Under benchmarking conditions, it may be appropriate to set the log level to SEVERE.


Note	When using the load balancer, the load balancer plug-in uses the web server logging mechanism to write log messages. The load balancer plug-in uses the default logging level on Sun ONE Web Server (INFO), and Apache Web Server (WARN). The application server log levels - FINE, FINER, and FINEST map to the DEBUG level on the web server.

Chapter 1 About Sun ONE Application Server Performance

Performance Tuning Roadmap

Why Tune the Application Server?

Capacity Planning

Performance Tuning Sequence

Configuration Files

Logging and Performance

Chapter 1
About Sun ONE Application Server Performance