RAID is an acronym for Redundant Array of Inexpensive (or Independent) Disks. RAID refers to a set of disks, called an array or a volume, that appears to the user as a single large disk drive. This array provides, depending on the configuration, improved reliability, response time, or storage capacity.
Technically, there are six RAID levels, 0-5,. Each level refers to a method of distributing data while ensuring data redundancy. (RAID level 0 does not provide data redundancy, but is usually included as a RAID classification anyway. RAID level 0 provides the basis for the majority of RAID configurations in use.) Very few storage environments support RAID levels 2, 3, and 4, so those environments are not described here.
Solaris Volume Manager supports the following RAID levels:
RAID Level 0–Although stripes and concatenations do not provide redundancy, these constructions are often referred to as RAID 0. Basically, data are spread across relatively small, equally-sized fragments that are allocated alternately and evenly across multiple physical disks. Any single drive failure can cause data loss. RAID 0 offers a high data transfer rate and high I/O throughput, but suffers lower reliability and lower availability than a single disk
RAID Level 1–Mirroring uses equal amounts of disk capacity to store data and a copy (mirror) of the data. Data is duplicated, or mirrored, over two or more physical disks. Data can be read from both drives simultaneously, meaning that either drive can service any request, which provides improved performance. If one physical disk fails, you can continue to use the mirror with no loss in performance or loss of data.
Solaris Volume Manager supports both RAID 0+1 and (transparently) RAID 1+0 mirroring, depending on the underlying devices. See Providing RAID 1+0 and RAID 0+1 for details.
RAID Level 5–RAID 5 uses striping to spread the data over the disks in an array. RAID 5 also records parity information to provide some data redundancy. A RAID level 5 volume can withstand the failure of an underlying device without failing. If a RAID level 5 volume is used in conjunction with hot spares, the volume can withstand multiple failures without failing. A RAID level 5 volume will have a substantial performance degradation when operating with a failed device.
In the RAID 5 model, every device has one area that contains a parity stripe and others that contain data. The parity is spread over all of the disks in the array, which reduces the write time. Write time is reduced because writes do not have to wait until a dedicated parity disk can accept the data.