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Oracle Solaris 11.1 Linkers and Libraries Guide     Oracle Solaris 11.1 Information Library
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Document Information

Preface

Part I Using the Link-Editor and Runtime Linker

1.  Introduction to the Oracle Solaris Link Editors

2.  Link-Editor

3.  Runtime Linker

4.  Shared Objects

Part II Quick Reference

5.  Link-Editor Quick Reference

Part III Advanced Topics

6.  Direct Bindings

7.  Building Objects to Optimize System Performance

8.  Mapfiles

9.  Interfaces and Versioning

10.  Establishing Dependencies with Dynamic String Tokens

11.  Extensibility Mechanisms

Part IV ELF Application Binary Interface

12.  Object File Format

13.  Program Loading and Dynamic Linking

Program Header

Base Address

Segment Permissions

Segment Contents

Program Loading (Processor-Specific)

Program Interpreter

Runtime Linker

Dynamic Section

Global Offset Table (Processor-Specific)

Procedure Linkage Table (Processor-Specific)

32-bit SPARC: Procedure Linkage Table

64-bit SPARC: Procedure Linkage Table

32-bit x86: Procedure Linkage Table

x64: Procedure Linkage Table

14.  Thread-Local Storage

Part V Appendices

A.  Linker and Libraries Updates and New Features

B.  System V Release 4 (Version 1) Mapfiles

Index

Global Offset Table (Processor-Specific)

Position-independent code cannot, in general, contain absolute virtual addresses. Global offset tables hold absolute addresses in private data. Addresses are therefore available without compromising the position-independence and shareability of a program's text. A program references its GOT using position-independent addressing and extracts absolute values. This technique redirects position-independent references to absolute locations.

Initially, the GOT holds information as required by its relocation entries. After the system creates memory segments for a loadable object file, the runtime linker processes the relocation entries. Some relocations can be of type R_xxxx_GLOB_DAT, referring to the GOT.

The runtime linker determines the associated symbol values, calculates their absolute addresses, and sets the appropriate memory table entries to the proper values. Although the absolute addresses are unknown when the link-editor creates an object file, the runtime linker knows the addresses of all memory segments and can thus calculate the absolute addresses of the symbols contained therein.

If a program requires direct access to the absolute address of a symbol, that symbol will have a GOT entry. Because the executable file and shared objects have a separate GOT, a symbol's address can appear in several tables. The runtime linker processes all the GOT relocations before giving control to any code in the process image. This processing ensures that absolute addresses are available during execution.

The table's entry zero is reserved to hold the address of the dynamic structure, referenced with the symbol _DYNAMIC. This symbol enables a program, such as the runtime linker, to find its own dynamic structure without having yet processed its relocation entries. This method is especially important for the runtime linker, because it must initialize itself without relying on other programs to relocate its memory image.

The system can choose different memory segment addresses for the same shared object in different programs. The system can even choose different library addresses for different executions of the same program. Nonetheless, memory segments do not change addresses once the process image is established. As long as a process exists, its memory segments reside at fixed virtual addresses.

A GOT format and interpretation are processor-specific. The symbol _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_ can be used to access the table. This symbol can reside in the middle of the .got section, allowing both negative and nonnegative subscripts into the array of addresses. The symbol type is an array of Elf32_Addr for 32–bit code, and an array of Elf64_Addr for 64–bit code.

extern  Elf32_Addr  _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_[];
extern  Elf64_Addr  _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_[];