Oracle® Communications EAGLE Database Administration - SS7 User's Guide Release 46.6 E93318 Revision 1 |
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The Cluster Routing and Management Diversity feature eliminates the need for a full point code entry in the routing table to route to every signaling point in every network. The Cluster Routing and Management Diversity feature allows the EAGLE to configure one routeset to a entire cluster of destinations. This feature also allows the EAGLE to manage and switch traffic to more end nodes.
A cluster is defined as a group of signaling points whose point codes have identical values for the network and cluster fields of the point codes. A cluster entry in the routing table is shown with an asterisk (*) in the member field of the point code, for example, 111-011-*. With this feature, ANSI destination point codes can be specified as either a full point code, for example, 123-043-045, or as a cluster of signaling point codes, for example, 111-011-*.
Note:
Cluster entries can only be provisioned as ANSI destination point codes. Cluster entries cannot be provisioned for ITU international or ITU national destination point codes. The ANSI alias point code for an ITU international or ITU national destination point code must be a full point code.The Cluster Routing and Management Diversity feature allows provisioning of clusters, as well as of full point codes that belong to the same cluster as destination point codes (Figure 2-21). The point codes 111-011-*, 111-011-005 and 111-011-045 entries can be provisioned. In Figure 2-21, the cluster destination point code 111-011-* represents all the point codes of the cluster except for point codes 111-011-005 and 111-011-045. Cluster entries in the destination point code table can also be used as a DPC for a route. A group of such routes with varying relative cost forms a routeset to a cluster, just like a routeset to a full point code.
Figure 2-21 Cluster Routing and Management Diversity
Exception Lists (X-lists)
An exception list for a cluster is a list of point codes in a cluster whose routes are more restricted than other routes to that cluster. The term “more restricted” is used when comparing the route status of a cluster member to the route status of the cluster. A PROHIBITED
status is more restrictive than a RESTRICTED
status, and a RESTRICTED
status is more restrictive than an ALLOWED
status.
This list contains point codes that are not assigned to any individual routeset, and the only routeset to that node is through a cluster routeset. The exception list is a dynamic list that changes when the status of the cluster routesets changes.
The EAGLE allows users to specify whether exception list entries need to be created on a per cluster basis. For each cluster, the user can specify an exception list exclusion indicator (ELEI) when configuring the cluster point code with the ent-dstn
command. When the ELEI is yes
, the EAGLE does not create exception list entries or remove any existing exception list entries for the given cluster. When the ELEI is no
, the EAGLE creates and removes exception list entries. When the ELEI is no
, it is not guaranteed that there will be space available to create each and every possible exception list entry for provisioned cluster entries. All such exception list entries must compete for available exception list space.
Exception list entries are stored as an extension of the Destination Point Code table. The Destination Point Code table can contain a maximum number of entries, as shown in Table 2-5. The EAGLE allows the user to specify the number of entries reserved for the exception list. Table 2-5 also shows the number of entries that can be reserved for the exception list and the number of entries that are reserved for configured destinations (the full, cluster point codes, and network routing point codes).
Table 2-5 Maximum Point Code Quantities
Feature Status | Maximum DPC Quantity | Number of Entries Reserved for the Exception List | Maximum Number of Full, Cluster, and Network Routing Point Codes |
---|---|---|---|
The 5000 Routes feature is off and 6000, 7000, 8000, or 10,000 routesets are not enabled | 2500 | 500 - 2000 | 2500 minus the number of entries reserved for the exception list. |
The 5000 Routes feature is on and 6000, 7000, 8000, or 10,000 routesets are not enabled | 5500 | 500 - 5000 | 5500 minus the number of entries reserved for the exception list. |
6000 routesets are enabled | 6500 | 500 - 6000 | 6500 minus the number of entries reserved for the exception list. |
7000 routesets are enabled | 7500 | 500 - 6000 | 7500 minus the number of entries reserved for the exception list. |
8000 routesets are enabled | 8500 | 500 - 6000 | 8500 minus the number of entries reserved for the exception list. |
10,000 routesets are enabled | 10500 | 500 - 10000 | 10500 minus the number of entries reserved for the exception list. |
The outputs of the ent-dstn
, dlt-dstn
, chg-dstn
, and rtrv-dstn
commands display this destination point code usage information.
chg-stpopts
command’s mtpdpcq
parameter. The mtpdpcq
parameter value is not always the maximum number of entries minus the number reserved for the exception list. This calculation determines the maximum number of DPCs the EAGLE may contain. The mtpdpcq
parameter value of the chg-stpopts
command determines the actual number of DPCs the EAGLE can have, and can be set to an amount less than the maximum.chg-stpopts
command’s mtpxlq
parameter.Table 2-6 Maximum Alias Point Code Quantities
Feature Status | Maximum Alias Point Code Quantity |
---|---|
The 5000 Routes feature is off and 6000, 7000, 8000, or 10,000 routesets are not enabled | 12000 |
The 5000 Routes feature is on and 6000, 7000, 8000, or 10,000 routesets are not enabled | 12000 |
6000 routesets are enabled | 12000 |
7000 routesets are enabled | 8000 |
8000 routesets are enabled | 8000 |
10,000 routesets are enabled | 10000 |
Exception list entries have an expiration timer. There is a single EAGLE-wide expiration timer value for exception list entries. The exception list expiration timer, the size of the exception list, and the percentage of occupancy that generates a minor alarm can be configured with the chg-stpopts
command. The values are shown in these fields of the rtrv-stpopts
command output:
MTPXLQ
= the maximum number of entries the exception list (x-list) can contain.
MTPXLET
= the maximum amount of time the EAGLE will maintain an unreferenced exception list (x-list) entry
MTPXLOT
= the exception list (x-list) occupancy threshold (in terms of percentage of space available). If this threshold is exceeded, the EAGLE raises a minor alarm. The percentage of occupancy refers to the number of exception list entries as compared to the maximum number of entries the exception list can hold. For example, if there are 1500 entries configured for the exception list and the exception list contains 1000 entries, the percentage of the exception list space being used is 66%. If this threshold is exceeded, the EAGLE raises a minor alarm.
The EAGLE raises a major alarm when the exception list becomes completely full and the EAGLE fails to create any more exception list entries.
MTPDPCQ
= the maximum number of destination point codes that can be configured in the EAGLE.
The sum of the MTPDPCQ
and MTPXLQ
values (the maximum DPC quantity) cannot exceed the totals shown in Table 2-5 depending on the features that are enabled or turned on.
An exception list entry’s timer is restarted when an exception list entry gets created, updated, or used for routing. This expiration timer (the mtpxlet
parameter in the chg-stpopts
command) can be set from a minimum of 20 minutes to a maximum of 24 hours. The default value for the expiration timer upon EAGLE start-up is 60 minutes. If the timer expires before it is restarted, the exception list entry is removed. The expiration timer allows the EAGLE to save resources, if the exception list entry is sitting idle for a long time.
An exception list entry can be created for three distinct set of conditions.
An exception list entry for a particular cluster can be removed from the exception list when these conditions are met.
dact-rstst
command was issued.chg-dstn
command is issued and changes the ELEI to yes
for the cluster, and the EAGLE removes all exception list entries created for that cluster.chg-stpopts
command was issued with the mtpxlet
parameter, and the new value for the mtpxlet
parameter was smaller than the original value. This command can change the allocation of routing table entries for the exception list. If the size of the exception list is reduced and the number of entries in the exception list is now greater than the new value of the mtpxlet
parameter, the EAGLE will remove excess exception list entries at random.Cluster Routing
When the EAGLE receives an MSU to route, the routing function looks for the MSU’s destination point code as a full point code entry in the routing table. If found, the full point code entry is used to find the corresponding routeset and the outgoing route. If a full point code entry is not found, the routing function uses the destination point code’s network and cluster values to find a cluster entry to which the destination point code belongs. If found, the cluster entry is used to find the corresponding routeset and the outgoing route. If neither a full point code entry or cluster point code entry is found, the EAGLE generates UAM 1004
, “MTP rcvd unknown DPC.”
Compatibility with Non-Cluster Routing Nodes
It is possible that not all of the nodes in the network that the EAGLE is operating in are cluster routing nodes. In such a situation, those nodes not doing cluster routing will interpret TCx messages, and apply them to each individual point code belonging to the concerned cluster. This may cause an inconsistency in the status records for exception-listed point codes in different nodes. In order to avoid this situation, the EAGLE takes these steps:
Cluster Management and the ITU Network
ITU SS7 networks do not use the concepts of clusters of point codes and cluster network management messages. The EAGLE does not generate TCx messages toward ITU nodes. When the EAGLE is acting as gateway between an ITU network and an ANSI network, during the broadcast phase of TCx messages, the EAGLE does not send TCx messages to adjacent ITU point codes. It is possible that messages may be lost in such a case. In order to reduce message loss and quickly notify the sending ITU node about the status, the EAGLE enables TFPs or TFRs immediately (with the level 3 T8 or T18 timers stopped) and relies on the TFPs or TFRs to convey the status information.
While sending response method network management messages in response to a received MSU, the EAGLE checks the MSU’s originating point code. If the MSU’s originating point code is an ITU point code, a TFx message is returned.
Cluster Management When the Cluster Routing Feature is Turned Off
The Cluster Routing and Management Diversity feature is an optional feature that is turned off by default. To use the Cluster Routing and Management Diversity feature, it must be turned on by entering the appropriate command. Once this feature is turned on, it cannot be turned off. If this feature is turned off, the EAGLE does not send any cluster management messages or allow cluster destination point codes to be added to the destination point code table. The EAGLE is capable of processing incoming cluster management messages, even though the feature is turned off. When a cluster management message is received, the EAGLE treats this message as though network management messages were received for each full point code, configured in the destination point code table, that belongs to that cluster.
Cluster Routing and Management Diversity Rules
These rules apply to the Cluster Routing and Management Diversity feature.
When the EAGLE is used as an ITU-ANSI gateway STP.
All ANSI alias point codes specified for real ITU point codes are required to be full point codes.
The point code specified in the ent-map
command must use a full point code, and that full point code must be in the routing table.
The point code specified in the ent-gtt
and ent-cspc
commands can use either a full point code or a cluster point code, but these point codes must be in the routing table.
The EAGLE allows cluster routing for subsequent global title (GTT) messages. The EAGLE also sends subsystem status messages to concerned point codes using a cluster route. The EAGLE does not generate MTP status messages for point codes that the EAGLE is routing clusters to, so all point codes in the mated application table must be full point codes.
Gateway screening verifies the concerned point code in TFx/RSx messages received by the EAGLE. Gateway screening passes a TFx/RSx message through the MTP-affected destination test, if the concerned point code has either a full point code route or a cluster route.
Gateway screening verifies the concerned point code in TCx/RCx messages received by the EAGLE. Gateway screening passes a TCx/RCx message through the MTP-affected destination test, if the concerned point code has either a cluster route for a concerned cluster or a member route for any of the members of the concerned cluster.
If a point code is in the routing table as an exception-listed point code and the user enters a command (ent-dstn
) to configure that same point code as a full point code, the exception-listed point code attribute is changed to a full point code attribute, and the exception-list related information from the cluster entry is updated.
When a cluster destination point code is removed from the EAGLE’s database, all related exception-listed point codes of that cluster are removed.
The EAGLE implements these protocol features that are non-preferred options.
The route assigned to a full point code DPC cannot be removed from the database if that DPC is a member of a cluster point code in the database.
If a route assigned to a cluster point code is removed from the database, all routes to any members of that cluster are also removed from the database.
Cluster Routing and Management Diversity Example
This section shows an example of the Cluster Routing and Management Diversity feature, and lists the network events affecting the EAGLE. This example is based on Figure 2-22 and Table 2-7.
Figure 2-22 Cluster Management
Table 2-7 Example Cluster Routing Information
Route Table for Destination 005-005-001 | Route Table for Cluster 005-005-* | |
---|---|---|
1 |
LSN 1, Cost=10 |
LSN 1, Cost=10 |
2 |
LSN 2, Cost=15 |
LSN 2, Cost=15 |
3 |
LSN 3, Cost=20 |
LSN 3, Cost=20 |
When the normal routes, linksets LSN 1 and LSN 2, become available, the EAGLE sends a preventive TFP for destination 005-005-001 and a preventive TCP for cluster 005-005-* to node 002-002-002, and starts routing messages to destination 005-005-001 and cluster 005-005-* using linkset LSN 1. The EAGLE broadcasts TFAs about destination 005-005-001 and TCAs about cluster 005-005-* to all other adjacent nodes.
When the level 3 timer T11 for destination 005-005-001 expires, TFRs are broadcast for destination 005-005-001 to nodes 004-004-004, 006-006-006, 007-007-007, and 008-008-008. Destination 005-005-001 is restricted.
Home Cluster Example
Figure 2-23 Home Cluster Example
Table 2-8 Home Cluster Routing Information
Route table for Destination 002-002-005 | Route table for cluster 002-002-* | |
---|---|---|
1 |
LSN 1, Cost=10 |
LSN 1, Cost=10 |
2 |
LSN 2, Cost=15 |
LSN 2, Cost=15 |
A home cluster is a cluster point code that contains either the true point code or any capability point code of the EAGLE. For example, if the EAGLE’s true point code or any capability point code is 002-002-001 and a cluster 002-002-* is configured, then the cluster 002-002-* is a home cluster.
Provisioning a home cluster causes a profound impact on network management, regarding the home cluster as well as members of the cluster. These impacts are:
This makes network management unreliable for the home cluster and its members.
When the normal routes, linksets LSN 1 and LSN 2, become available, the EAGLE sends a preventive TFP for destination 002-002-005 to node 002-002-002, and starts sending messages to destination 002-002-005 and cluster 002-002-* using linkset LSN 1. No preventive messages are sent for cluster 002-002-*. The EAGLE broadcasts a TFA for destination 002-002-005 and a TCA for cluster 002-002-* to all other adjacent nodes.