The Transform page in Studio has a locking mechanism to ensure that multiple users can't transform the same project data set at the same time.
Transform locks a data set when a user previews or saves a transformation (that is, when the user clicks Preview or Apply to Script from the Transformation Editor). The lock remains set for 30 minutes, which is extended each time the user previews or saves a transformation, or while they are actively working in the Transformation Editor.
Transform locks the data set when a user clicks Commit to Project, which runs the transformation script against the project's data set. This lock applies to all users, including the one who ran the script.