1. Hybrid-DB-Topologie für eine On-Premise-Datenbank bereitstellen
  2. Standbyinstanz mit RMAN erstellen

Standbyinstanz mit RMAN erstellen

Verwenden Sie Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN), um eine Standby-Cloud-Instanz aus der Primärdatenbank zu erstellen.

Archive-Log erstellen

Prüfen Sie den Logmodus Ihres On-Premise-Oracle-Servers. Wenn er sich im NOARCHIVELOG-Modus befindet, ändern Sie ihn in den ARCHIVELOG-Modus, um ein Archive-Log zu erstellen.

  1. Logmodus für den On-Premise-Server anzeigen.
    SQL> select log_mode from v$database;
    Die Ausgabe wird wie folgt aussehen, wenn sich der Logmodus im NOARCHIVELOG-Modus befindet:
    LOG_MODE
------------
NOARCHIVELOG
  2. Herunterfahren der On-Premise-Instanz. 
    SQL> shutdown immediate;
    Die Ausgabe sieht wie folgt aus:
    Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
  3. Mounten Sie die On-Premise-Datenbank.
    SQL> startup mount;
    Die Ausgabe sieht wie folgt aus:
    ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 4966054520 bytes
Fixed Size		    9144952 bytes
Variable Size		  922746880 bytes
Database Buffers	 4026531840 bytes
Redo Buffers		    7630848 bytes
Database mounted.
  4. Ändern Sie das Datenbankarchiv-Log, und öffnen Sie die Datenbank.
    SQL> alter database archivelog;
    SQL> alter database open;
  5. Ändern Sie den Logmodus in ARCHIVELOG.
    SQL> select log_mode from v$database;
    LOG_MODE
------------
ARCHIVELOG
  6. Zeigen Sie die Archive-Logliste an.
    SQL> archive log list;
    Die Ausgabe sieht wie folgt aus:
    Database log mode	       Archive Mode
Automatic archival	       Enabled
Archive destination	       /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/arch
Oldest online log sequence     10
Next log sequence to archive   12
Current log sequence	       12
  7. Alle Logs archivieren.
    SQL> archive log all;
    ORA-00271:there are no logs that need archiving

Standbydatenbank auf OCI instanziieren

Verwenden Sie Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN), um die aktive Primärdatenbank in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) zu duplizieren. Sie können auch aus einem Backup der Primärdatenbank duplizieren.

  1. Stoppen Sie die Datenbank mit dem Utility srvctl, oder fahren Sie die Datenbank mit SQL*Plus herunter.
    • $ srvctl stop database -d standby DB_UNIQUE_NAME -o immediate
    • Shutdown immediate;
  2. Melden Sie sich bei der Datenbank an.
    $ rman target /
RMAN> startup nomount;
  3. Stellen Sie die Standby-Kontrolldatei aus dem Primärservice wieder her.
    In diesem Beispiel ist ORCLCDB die primäre On-Premise-Datenbank.
    RMAN> restore standby controlfile from service 'ORCLCDB';
  4. Wenn folgende Fehlermeldungen angezeigt werden, melden Sie sich erneut bei der Datenbank an.
    RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 09/24/2020 21:10:13
RMAN-06496: must use the TO clause when the database is mounted or open
    1. Datenbank herunterfahren
      RMAN> shutdown;
    2. Melden Sie sich bei der Datenbank an
      RMAN> startup nomount;
  5. Stellen Sie die Datenbankkontrolldatei anstelle des Recovery-Katalogs wieder her.
    RMAN> restore standby controlfile from service 'ORCLCDB';
    Die Ausgabe sieht wie folgt aus:
    Starting restore at DD-MM-YY
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=182 device type=DISK 
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: using network backup set from service ORCLCDB
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
output file name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB_iad1s3/control01.ctl
output file name=/u03/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCLCDB_IAD1S3/control02.ctl
Finished restore at DD-MM-YY
  6. Datenbank mounten.
    RMAN> alter database mount;
  7. Wenn ähnliche Fehlermeldungen wie die folgenden angezeigt werden, melden Sie sich erneut bei der Datenbank an.
    Wenn Sie keine Fehlermeldung erhalten, gehen Sie zu Schritt 8.
    Released channel: ORA_DISK_1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of sql statement command at 09/24/2020 21:13:41
RMAN-06189: current DBID 2822997440 does not match target mounted database (2823031995)
    1. Datenbank herunterfahren
      RMAN> shutdown immediate;
      Die Ausgabe sieht wie folgt aus:
      database dismounted
Oracle instance shutdown
    2. Melden Sie sich bei der Datenbank an
      RMAN> startup nomount;
      Die Ausgabe sieht wie folgt aus:
      connected to target database (not started)
Oracle instance startedTotal System Global Area 14495511760 bytesFixed Size 9151696 bytes
Variable Size 1912602624 bytes
Database Buffers 12549357568 bytes
Redo Buffers 24399872 bytes
    3. Legen Sie die Datenbank-ID fest.
      RMAN> set DBID=2823031995;
      Die Ausgabe sieht wie folgt aus:
      executing command: SET DBID
  8. Ändern Sie als Root auf der OCI-Instanz die Berechtigungen des Oracle-Verzeichnisses in "Öffnen" (chmod 777).
    [root@drdb opc]# sudo su
[root@drdb opc]# cd /opt/
[root@drdb opt]# ls -lrt
total 8
drwx------ 7 root root 4096 Sep 12 00:39 zookeeper
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Sep 12 00:51 oracle
[root@drdb opt]# chmod 777 oracle/
[root@drdb opt]# ls -lrt
total 8
drwx------ 7 root root 4096 Sep 12 00:39 zookeeper
drwxrwxrwx 6 root root 4096 Sep 12 00:51 oracle
  9. Stellen Sie die Datenbank aus der Primärdatenbank (ORCLCDB) wieder her.
    RMAN> restore database from service 'ORCLCDB' section size 5G;
    Nachdem das crosscheck Backup und die crosscheck Kopie abgeschlossen sind, wird eine Liste der katalogisierten Dateien in der Ausgabe angezeigt, ähnlich wie die folgenden:
    Starting restore at 01-SEP-20
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 01-SEP-20
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=184 device type=DISK
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 01-SEP-20

Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 01-SEP-20
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 01-SEP-20

searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
cataloging done

List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /u03/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCLCDB_IAD1S3/archivelog/2020_08_27/o1_mf_1_3_hngo1gl6_.arc
File Name: /u03/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCLCDB_IAD1S3/archivelog/2020_08_27/o1_mf_1_1_hngnvtgb_.arc
File Name: /u03/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCLCDB_IAD1S3/archivelog/2020_08_27/o1_mf_1_2_hngnwdfd_.arc

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: using network backup set from service ORCLCDB
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring section 1 of 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:26
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: using network backup set from service ORCLCDB
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring section 1 of 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: using network backup set from service ORCLCDB
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring section 1 of 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: using network backup set from service ORCLCDB
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring section 1 of 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: using network backup set from service ORCLCDB
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring section 1 of 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: using network backup set from service ORCLCDB
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring section 1 of 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: using network backup set from service ORCLCDB
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00008 to /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring section 1 of 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: using network backup set from service ORCLCDB
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00009 to /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring section 1 of 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: using network backup set from service ORCLCDB
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00010 to /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring section 1 of 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: using network backup set from service ORCLCDB
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00011 to /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring section 1 of 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: using network backup set from service ORCLCDB
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00012 to /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring section 1 of 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 01-SEP-20
  10. Fahren Sie die Datenbank herunter.
    RMAN> Shutdown immediate;
  11. Starten Sie die Standby-Datenbank mit dem Utility Server Control (srvctl) oder SQL*Plus neu.
    • Starten Sie die Datenbank mit dem Utility srvctl: 
      srvctl start instance -d standby DB_UNIQUE_NAME -i standby instance name -o mount
    • Starten Sie die Datenbank mit SQL*Plus:
      $ ./sqlplus / as sysdba
  12. Datenbank mounten.
    SQL> startup mount
    Die Ausgabe sieht wie folgt aus:
    ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1.4496E+10 bytes
Fixed Size		    9151696 bytes
Variable Size		 1912602624 bytes
Database Buffers	 1.2549E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers		   24399872 bytes
Database mounted.
  13. Datenbank ändern.
    SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
    Database altered.
  14. Zeigen Sie Rolle, Threadnummer, Sequenznummer und Aktion für die Datenbank an.
    SQL> SELECT ROLE, THREAD#, SEQUENCE#, ACTION FROM V$DATAGUARD_PROCESS;
    Die Ausgabe sieht wie folgt aus:
    ROLE			    THREAD#  SEQUENCE# ACTION
------------------------ ---------- ---------- ------------
post role transition		  0	     0 IDLE
recovery apply slave		  0	     0 IDLE
recovery apply slave		  0	     0 IDLE
recovery apply slave		  0	     0 IDLE
recovery apply slave		  0	     0 IDLE
recovery logmerger		  1	     7 WAIT_FOR_LOG
managed recovery		  0	     0 IDLE
archive redo			  0	     0 IDLE
archive local			  0	     0 IDLE
redo transport timer		  0	     0 IDLE
gap manager			  0	     0 IDLE
archive redo			  0	     0 IDLE
archive redo			  0	     0 IDLE
redo transport monitor	0	     0 IDLE
log writer			  0	     0 IDLE

15 rows selected.
  15. (Optional) Zeigen Sie den Datenbanknamen und die Rolle an. 
    SQL> select name, database_role from v$database;
    Die Ausgabe sieht wie folgt aus:
    NAME	  DATABASE_ROLE
--------- ----------------
ORCLCDB   PHYSICAL STANDBY
  16. Löschen Sie als sysdba alle Online Standby redo-Logs
    $ sqlplus “/ as sysdba” 
SQL> alter system set db_create_online_log_dest_1=<DATA Disk group>; 
SQL> set pagesize 0 feedback off linesize 120 trimspool on 
SQL> spool /tmp/clearlogs.sql 
SQL> select distinct 'alter database clear logfile group '||group#||';' from v$logfile; 
SQL> spool off 
SQL> @/tmp/clearlogs.sql 
SQL> select member from v$logfile;

RAC-Instanzen zu tnsnames.ora-Dateien hinzufügen

Fügen Sie für Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) die Oracle RAC-Instanzen tnsnames.ora hinzu, und starten Sie die Listener neu. Der Scanname kann in keiner Richtung in einer hybriden Konfiguration aufgelöst werden, sodass die Adressliste so konfiguriert werden muss, dass sie hohe Verfügbarkeit bietet.

  1. Bearbeiten Sie die Datei TNSNAMES.ORA auf dem On-Premise-Datenbankhost.
    Primary db_unique_name = (DESCRIPTION = 
(SDU=65536) (RECV_BUF_SIZE=134217728) 
(SEND_BUF_SIZE=134217728) 
(ADDRESS_LIST = 
		   (FAILOVER=on)
(CONNECT_TIMEOUT=3)(RETRY_COUNT=3)
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = PrimaryDB Node 1IP address)(PORT = {1521|port#})) 
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = StandbyDB Node 2IP address)(PORT = {1521|port#})) 
) 
(CONNECT_DATA = 
(SERVER = DEDICATED) 
(SERVICE_NAME = Primary_db_SID) 
(UR=A) 
)) 

Standby db_unique_name = (DESCRIPTION = 
(SDU=65536) (RECV_BUF_SIZE=134217728) 
(SEND_BUF_SIZE=134217728) 
(ADDRESS_LIST = 
		   (FAILOVER=on)
(CONNECT_TIMEOUT=3)(RETRY_COUNT=3)
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = StandbyDB Node 1IP address)(PORT = {1521|port#})) 
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = StandbyDB Node 2IP address)(PORT = {1521|port#})) 
) 
(CONNECT_DATA = 
(SERVER = DEDICATED) 
(SERVICE_NAME = Primary_db_SID) 
(UR=A) 
))
  2. Bearbeiten Sie die Datei TNSNAMES.ORA auf dem Standby-Datenbankhost in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI).
    Standby db_unique_name = (DESCRIPTION = 
(SDU=65536) (RECV_BUF_SIZE=134217728) 
(SEND_BUF_SIZE=134217728) 
(ADDRESS_LIST = 
		   (FAILOVER=on)
(CONNECT_TIMEOUT=3)(RETRY_COUNT=3)
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = StandbyDB Node 1IP address)(PORT = {1521|port#})) 
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = StandbyDB Node 2IP address)(PORT = {1521|port#})) 
) 
(CONNECT_DATA = 
(SERVER = DEDICATED) 
(SERVICE_NAME = Primary_db_SID) 
(UR=A) 
)) 

<Primary db_unique_name> = (DESCRIPTION = 
(SDU=65536) (RECV_BUF_SIZE=134217728) 
(SEND_BUF_SIZE=134217728) 
(ADDRESS_LIST = 
		   (FAILOVER=on)
(CONNECT_TIMEOUT=3)(RETRY_COUNT=3)
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = PrimaryDB Node 1IP address)(PORT = {1521|port#})) 
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = StandbyDB Node 2IP address)(PORT = {1521|port#})) 
) 
(CONNECT_DATA = 
(SERVER = DEDICATED) 
(SERVICE_NAME = Primary_db_SID) 
(UR=A) 
))