7 Describing Schema Metadata

This chapter discusses the use of the OCIDescribeAny() function to obtain information about schema elements.

This chapter contains these topics:

See Also:

OCIDescribeAny()

7.1 About Using OCIDescribeAny()

Performs an explicit describe of schema objects and their subschema objects.

The OCIDescribeAny() function enables you to perform an explicit describe of the following schema objects and their subschema objects:

  • Tables and views

  • Synonyms

  • Procedures

  • Functions

  • Packages

  • Sequences

  • Collections

  • Types

  • Schemas

  • Databases

Information about other schema elements (function arguments, columns, type attributes, and type methods) is available through a describe of one of the preceding schema objects or an explicit describe of the subschema object.

When an application describes a table, it can then retrieve information about that table's columns. Additionally, OCIDescribeAny() can directly describe subschema objects such as columns of a table, packages of a function, or fields of a type if given the name of the subschema object.

The OCIDescribeAny() call requires a describe handle as one of its arguments. The describe handle must be previously allocated with a call to OCIHandleAlloc().

The information returned by OCIDescribeAny() is organized hierarchically like a tree, as shown in Figure 7-1.

Figure 7-1 OCIDescribeAny() Table Description

Description of Figure 7-1 follows
Description of "Figure 7-1 OCIDescribeAny() Table Description"

The describe handle returned by the OCIDescribeAny() call has an attribute, OCI_ATTR_PARAM, that points to such a description tree. Each node of the tree has attributes associated with that node, as well as attributes that are like recursive describe handles and point to subtrees containing further information. If all the attributes are homogenous, as with elements of a column list, they are called parameters. The attributes associated with any node are returned by OCIAttrGet(), and the parameters are returned by OCIParamGet().

A call to OCIAttrGet() on the describe handle for the table returns a handle to the column-list information. An application can then use OCIParamGet() to retrieve the handle to the column description of a particular column in the column list. The handle to the column descriptor can be passed to OCIAttrGet() to get further information about the column, such as the name and data type.

After a SQL statement is executed, information about the select list is available as an attribute of the statement handle. No explicit describe call is needed. To retrieve information about select-list items from the statement handle, the application must call OCIParamGet() once for each position in the select list to allocate a parameter descriptor for that position.

Note:

No subsequent OCIAttrGet() or OCIParamGet() call requires extra round-trips, as the entire description is cached on the client side by OCIDescribeAny().

This section includes the following topics:

7.1.1 Limitations on OCIDescribeAny()

The OCIDescribeAny() call limits information returned to the basic information and stops expanding a node if it amounts to another describe operation.

For example, if a table column is of an object type, then OCI does not return a subtree describing the type, because this information can be obtained by another describe call.

The table name is not returned by OCIDescribeAny() or the implicit use of OCIStmtExecute(). Sometimes a column is not associated with a table. In most cases, the table is already known.

7.1.2 Notes on Types and Attributes

What to be aware of when performing describe operations.

When performing describe operations, you should be aware of the following topics:
7.1.2.1 Data Type Codes

The OCI_ATTR_TYPECODE attribute returns typecodes that represent the types supplied by the user when a new type is created using the CREATE TYPE statement.

These typecodes are of the enumerated type OCITypeCode, and are represented by OCI_TYPECODE constants. Internal PL/SQL type (boolean) is supported.

The OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE attribute returns typecodes that represent the data types stored in database columns. These are similar to the describe values returned by previous versions of Oracle Database. These values are represented by SQLT constants (ub2 values). Boolean types return SQLT_BOL.

See Also:

  • External Data Types for more information about SQLT_BOL

  • Typecodes for more information about typecodes, such as the OCI_TYPECODE values returned in the OCI_ATTR_TYPECODE attribute and the SQLT typecodes returned in the OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE attribute

7.1.2.2 About Describing Types

To describe type objects, it is necessary to initialize the OCI process in object mode.

This is shown in Example 7-1.

Example 7-1 Initializing the OCI Process in Object Mode

/* Initialize the OCI Process */
 if (OCIEnvCreate((OCIEnv **) &envhp, (ub4) OCI_OBJECT, (voivoid *) 0,
                  (void * (*)(void *,size_t)) 0,
                  (void * (*)(void *, void *, size_t)) 0,
                  (void (*)(void *, void *)) 0, (size_t) 0, (void **) 0))
 {
   printf("FAILED: OCIEnvCreate()\n");
   return OCI_ERROR;
 }

See Also:

OCIEnvCreate()

7.1.2.3 Implicit and Explicit Describe Operations

The column attribute OCI_ATTR_PRECISION can be returned using an implicit describe with OCIStmtExecute() and an explicit describe with OCIDescribeAny().

When you use an implicit describe, set the precision to sb2. When you use an explicit describe, set the precision to ub1 for a placeholder. This is necessary to match the data type of precision in the dictionary.

7.1.2.4 OCI_ATTR_LIST_ARGUMENTS Attribute

The OCI_ATTR_LIST_ARGUMENTS attribute for type methods represents second-level arguments for the method.

For example, consider the following record my_type and the procedure my_proc that takes an argument of type my_type:

my_type record(a number, b char)
my_proc (my_input my_type)

In this example, the OCI_ATTR_LIST_ARGUMENTS attribute would apply to arguments a and b of the my_type record.

7.2 Parameter Attributes

This section describes the attributes and handles that belong to different parameters.

A parameter is returned by OCIParamGet(). Parameters can describe different types of objects or information, and have attributes depending on the type of description they contain, or type-specific attributes.

The OCIDescribeAny() call does support more than two name components (for example, schema.type.attr1.attr2.method1). With more than one component, the first component is interpreted as the schema name (unless some other flag is set). There is a flag to specify that the object must be looked up under PUBLIC, that is, describe "a", where "a" can be either in the current schema or a public synonym.

If you do not know what the object type is, specify OCI_PTYPE_UNK. Otherwise, an error is returned if the actual object type does not match the specified type.

Table 7-1 lists the attributes of all parameters.

Table 7-1 Attributes of All Parameters

Attribute Description Attribute Data Type
OCI_ATTR_LIST_ANNOTATIONS Retrieves annotations from tables, views, and columns OCI_PTYPE_LIST
OCI_ATTR_NUM_ANNOTATIONS Retrieves the number of annotations for an object ub4
OCI_ATTR_ANNOTATION_KEY Retrieves the text value for an annotation text
OCI_ATTR_ANNOTATION_VALUE Retrieves the value in the key-value pair of an annotation. Used along with OCI_ATTR_ANNOTATION_KEY to get the complete annotation. text
OCI_ATTR_HAS_JSON_SCHEMA Indicates if a column has JSON schema constraint ub1

OCI_ATTR_OBJ_ID

Object or schema ID

ub4

OCI_ATTR_OBJ_NAME

Database name or object name in a schema

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_OBJ_SCHEMA

Schema name where the object is located

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_PTYPE

Type of information described by the parameter. Possible values:

OCI_PTYPE_TABLE - table

OCI_PTYPE_VIEW - view

OCI_PTYPE_PROC - procedure

OCI_PTYPE_FUNC - function

OCI_PTYPE_PKG - package

OCI_PTYPE_TYPE - type, including a package type

OCI_PTYPE_TYPE_ATTR - attribute of a type, including package record type attributes

OCI_PTYPE_TYPE_COLL - collection type information, including package collection elements

OCI_PTYPE_TYPE_METHOD - method of a type

OCI_PTYPE_SYN - synonym

OCI_PTYPE_SEQ - sequence

OCI_PTYPE_COL - column of a table or view

OCI_PTYPE_ARG - argument of a function or procedure

OCI_PTYPE_TYPE_ARG - argument of a type method

OCI_PTYPE_TYPE_RESULT - results of a method

OCI_PTYPE_LIST - column list for tables and views, argument list for functions and procedures, or subprogram list for packages

OCI_PTYPE_SCHEMA - schema

OCI_PTYPE_DATABASE - database

OCI_PTYPE_UNK - unknown schema object

ub1 

OCI_ATTR_TIMESTAMP

The time stamp of the object on which the description is based in Oracle date format

ub1 *
OCI_ATTR_DOMAIN_NAME Accesses the domain name OraText *
OCI_ATTR_DOMAIN_SCHEMA Accesses the domain schema OraText *

7.2.1 Table or View Parameters

Lists and describes the type-specific attributes for parameters for a table or view.

Table 7-2 lists the type-specific attributes for parameters for a table or view (type OCI_PTYPE_TABLE or OCI_PTYPE_VIEW).

Table 7-2 Attributes of Tables or Views

Attribute Description Attribute Data Type

OCI_ATTR_OBJID

Object ID

ub4

OCI_ATTR_NUM_COLS

Number of columns

ub2

OCI_ATTR_LIST_COLUMNS

Column list (type OCI_PTYPE_LIST)

OCIParam *

OCI_ATTR_REF_TDO

REF to the type description object (TDO) of the base type for extent tables

OCIRef *

OCI_ATTR_IS_TEMPORARY

Indicates that the table is temporary

ub1

OCI_ATTR_IS_TYPED

Indicates that the table is typed

ub1

OCI_ATTR_DURATION

Duration of a temporary table. Values can be:

OCI_DURATION_SESSION - session

OCI_DURATION_TRANS - transaction

OCI_DURATION_NULL - table not temporary

OCIDuration

Table 7-3 lists additional attributes that belong to tables.

Table 7-3 Attributes Specific to Tables

Attribute Description Attribute Data Type

OCI_ATTR_RDBA

Data block address of the segment header

ub4

OCI_ATTR_TABLESPACE

Tablespace that the table resides in

word

OCI_ATTR_CLUSTERED

Indicates that the table is clustered

ub1

OCI_ATTR_PARTITIONED

Indicates that the table is partitioned

ub1

OCI_ATTR_INDEX_ONLY

Indicates that the table is index-only

ub1

7.2.2 Procedure, Function, and Subprogram Attributes

Lists and describes the type-specific attributes when a parameter is for a procedure or function.

Table 7-4 lists the type-specific attributes when a parameter is for a procedure or function (type OCI_PTYPE_PROC or OCI_PTYPE_FUNC).

Table 7-4 Attributes of Procedures or Functions

Attribute Description Attribute Data Type

OCI_ATTR_LIST_ARGUMENTS

Argument list. See List Attributes.

void *

OCI_ATTR_IS_INVOKER_RIGHTS

Indicates that the procedure or function has invoker's rights

ub1

Table 7-5 lists the attributes that are defined only for package subprograms.

Table 7-5 Attributes Specific to Package Subprograms

Attribute Description Attribute Data Type

OCI_ATTR_NAME

Name of the procedure or function

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_OVERLOAD_ID

Overloading ID number (relevant in case the procedure or function is part of a package and is overloaded). Values returned may be different from direct query of a PL/SQL function or procedure.

ub2

7.2.3 Package Attributes

Lists and describes the attributes when a parameter is for a package.

Table 7-6 lists the attributes when a parameter is for a package (type OCI_PTYPE_PKG).

Table 7-6 Attributes of Packages

Attribute Description Attribute Data Type

OCI_ATTR_LIST_PKG_TYPES

Get a list of all types in an OCI_PTYPE_PKG package parameter handle.

void *

OCI_ATTR_LIST_SUBPROGRAMS

Subprogram list. See List Attributes.

void *

OCI_ATTR_IS_INVOKER_RIGHTS

Indicates that the package has invoker's rights?

ub1

7.2.4 Type Attributes

Lists and describes the attributes when a parameter is for a type.

Table 7-7 lists the attributes when a parameter is for a type (type OCI_PTYPE_TYPE). These attributes are only valid if the application initialized the OCI process in OCI_OBJECT mode in a call to OCIEnvCreate().

Table 7-7 Attributes of Types

Attribute Description Attribute Data Type

OCI_ATTR_REF_TDO

Returns the in-memory REF of the type descriptor object (TDO) for the type, if the column type is an object type. If space has not been reserved for the OCIRef, then it is allocated implicitly in the cache. The caller can then pin the TDO with OCIObjectPin().

OCIRef *

OCI_ATTR_TYPECODE

Typecode. See Data Type Codes. Currently can be only OCI_TYPECODE_OBJECT, OCI_TYPECODE_NAMEDCOLLECTION, or OCI_TYPECODE_RECORD.

OCITypeCode

OCI_ATTR_COLLECTION_TYPECODE

Typecode of collection if type is collection; invalid otherwise. See Data Type Codes. Currently can be only OCI_TYPECODE_VARRAY, OCI_TYPECODE_TABLE, or OCI_TYPECODE_ITABLE. If this attribute is queried for a type that is not a collection, an error is returned.

OCITypeCode

OCI_ATTR_IS_INCOMPLETE_TYPE

Indicates that this is an incomplete type

ub1

OCI_ATTR_IS_SYSTEM_TYPE

Indicates that this is a system type

ub1

OCI_ATTR_IS_PREDEFINED_TYPE

Indicates that this is a predefined type

ub1

OCI_ATTR_IS_TRANSIENT_TYPE

Indicates that this is a transient type

ub1

OCI_ATTR_IS_SYSTEM_GENERATED_TYPE

Indicates that this is a system-generated type

ub1

OCI_ATTR_HAS_NESTED_TABLE

This type contains a nested table attribute.

ub1

OCI_ATTR_HAS_LOB

This type contains a LOB attribute.

ub1

OCI_ATTR_HAS_FILE

This type contains a BFILE attribute.

ub1

OCI_ATTR_COLLECTION_ELEMENT

Handle to collection element. See Collection Attributes.

void *

OCI_ATTR_NUM_TYPE_ATTRS

Number of type attributes

ub2

OCI_ATTR_LIST_TYPE_ATTRS

List of type attributes. See List Attributes.

void *

OCI_ATTR_NUM_TYPE_METHODS

Number of type methods

ub2

OCI_ATTR_LIST_TYPE_METHODS

List of type methods. See List Attributes.

void *

OCI_ATTR_MAP_METHOD

Map method of type. See Type Method Attributes.

void *

OCI_ATTR_ORDER_METHOD

Order method of type. See Type Method Attributes.

void *

OCI_ATTR_IS_INVOKER_RIGHTS

Indicates that the type has invoker's rights

ub1

OCI_ATTR_NAME

A pointer to a string that is the type attribute name

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_PACKAGE_NAME

A string with the package name if the attribute is a package type.

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_SCHEMA_NAME

A string with the schema name where the type has been created

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_IS_FINAL_TYPE

Indicates that this is a final type

ub1

OCI_ATTR_IS_INSTANTIABLE_TYPE

Indicates that this is an instantiable type

ub1

OCI_ATTR_IS_SUBTYPE

Indicates that this is a subtype

ub1

OCI_ATTR_SUPERTYPE_SCHEMA_NAME

Name of the schema that contains the supertype

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_SUPERTYPE_NAME

Name of the supertype

OraText *

See Also:

OCIEnvCreate()

7.2.5 Type Attribute Attributes

Lists and describes the attributes when a parameter is for an attribute of a type.

Table 7-8 lists the attributes when a parameter is for an attribute of a type (type OCI_PTYPE_TYPE_ATTR).

Table 7-8 Attributes of Type Attributes

Attribute Description Attribute Data Type

OCI_ATTR_DATA_SIZE

The maximum size of the type attribute. This length is returned in bytes and not characters for strings and raws. It returns 22 for NUMBERs.

ub2

OCI_ATTR_TYPECODE

Typecode. See Data Type Codes.

OCITypeCode

OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE

The data type of the type attribute. See Data Type Codes.

ub2

OCI_ATTR_NAME

A pointer to a string that is the type attribute name

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_PRECISION

The precision of numeric type attributes. If the precision is nonzero and scale is -127, then it is a FLOAT; otherwise, it is a NUMBER(precision, scale). When precision is 0, NUMBER(precision, scale) can be represented simply as NUMBER.

ub1
for explicit describe
sb2
for implicit describe

OCI_ATTR_SCALE

The scale of numeric type attributes. If the precision is nonzero and scale is -127, then it is a FLOAT; otherwise, it is a NUMBER(precision, scale). When precision is 0, NUMBER(precision, scale) can be represented simply as NUMBER.

sb1

OCI_ATTR_PACKAGE_NAME

A string that is the package name of a type if it is a package type.

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_TYPE_NAME

A string that is the type name. The returned value contains the type name if the data type is SQLT_NTY or SQLT_REF. If the data type is SQLT_NTY, the name of the named data type's type is returned. If the data type is SQLT_REF, the type name of the named data type pointed to by the REF is returned.

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_SCHEMA_NAME

A string with the schema name under which the type has been created

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_REF_TDO

Returns the in-memory REF of the TDO for the type, if the column type is an object type. If space has not been reserved for the OCIRef, then it is allocated implicitly in the cache. The caller can then pin the TDO with OCIObjectPin().

OCIRef *

OCI_ATTR_CHARSET_ID

The character set ID, if the type attribute is of a string or character type

ub2

OCI_ATTR_CHARSET_FORM

The character set form, if the type attribute is of a string or character type

ub1

OCI_ATTR_FSPRECISION

The fractional seconds precision of a datetime or interval

ub1

OCI_ATTR_LFPRECISION

The leading field precision of an interval

ub1

7.2.6 Type Method Attributes

Lists and dsescribes the attributes when a parameter is for a method of a type.

Table 7-9 lists the attributes when a parameter is for a method of a type (type OCI_PTYPE_TYPE_METHOD).

Table 7-9 Attributes of Type Methods

Attribute Description Attribute Data Type

OCI_ATTR_NAME

Name of method (procedure or function)

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_ENCAPSULATION

Encapsulation level of the method (either OCI_TYPEENCAP_PRIVATE or OCI_TYPEENCAP_PUBLIC)

OCITypeEncap

OCI_ATTR_LIST_ARGUMENTS

Argument list. See OCI_ATTR_LIST_ARGUMENTS Attribute, and List Attributes.

void *

OCI_ATTR_IS_CONSTRUCTOR

Indicates that method is a constructor

ub1

OCI_ATTR_IS_DESTRUCTOR

Indicates that method is a destructor

ub1

OCI_ATTR_IS_OPERATOR

Indicates that method is an operator

ub1

OCI_ATTR_IS_SELFISH

Indicates that method is selfish

ub1

OCI_ATTR_IS_MAP

Indicates that method is a map method

ub1

OCI_ATTR_IS_ORDER

Indicates that method is an order method

ub1

OCI_ATTR_IS_RNDS

Indicates that "Read No Data State" is set for method

ub1

OCI_ATTR_IS_RNPS

Indicates that "Read No Process State" is set for method

ub1

OCI_ATTR_IS_WNDS

Indicates that "Write No Data State" is set for method

ub1

OCI_ATTR_IS_WNPS

Indicates that "Write No Process State" is set for method

ub1

OCI_ATTR_IS_FINAL_METHOD

Indicates that this is a final method

ub1

OCI_ATTR_IS_INSTANTIABLE_METHOD

Indicates that this is an instantiable method

ub1

OCI_ATTR_IS_OVERRIDING_METHOD

Indicates that this is an overriding method

ub1

7.2.7 Collection Attributes

Lists and describes the attributes when a parameter is for a collection type.

Table 7-10 lists the attributes when a parameter is for a collection type (type OCI_PTYPE_COLL).

Table 7-10 Attributes of Collection Types

Attribute Description Attribute Data Type

OCI_ATTR_DATA_SIZE

The maximum size of the type attribute. This length is returned in bytes and not characters for strings and raws. It returns 22 for NUMBERs.

ub2

OCI_ATTR_TYPECODE

Typecode. See Data Type Codes.

OCITypeCode

OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE

The data type of the type attribute. See Data Type Codes.

ub2

OCI_ATTR_NUM_ELEMS

The number of elements in an array. It is only valid for collections that are arrays.

ub4

OCI_ATTR_NAME

A pointer to a string that is the type attribute name

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_PRECISION

The precision of numeric type attributes. If the precision is nonzero and scale is -127, then it is a FLOAT; otherwise, it is a NUMBER(precision, scale). When precision is 0, NUMBER(precision, scale) can be represented simply as NUMBER.

ub1

for explicit describe

sb2

for implicit describe

OCI_ATTR_SCALE

The scale of numeric type attributes. If the precision is nonzero and scale is -127, then it is a FLOAT; otherwise, it is a NUMBER(precision, scale). When precision is 0, NUMBER(precision, scale) can be represented simply as NUMBER.

sb1

OCI_ATTR_PACKAGE_NAME

A string that is the package name of a type if it is a package type.

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_TYPE_NAME

A string that is the type name. The returned value contains the type name if the data type is SQLT_NTY or SQLT_REF. If the data type is SQLT_NTY, the name of the named data type's type is returned. If the data type is SQLT_REF, the type name of the named data type pointed to by the REF is returned.

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_SCHEMA_NAME

A string with the schema name under which the type has been created

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_REF_TDO

Returns the in-memory REF of the type descriptor object (TDO) for the type, if the column type is an object type. If space has not been reserved for the OCIRef, then it is allocated implicitly in the cache. The caller can then pin the TDO with OCIObjectPin().

OCIRef *

OCI_ATTR_CHARSET_ID

The character set ID, if the type attribute is of a string or character type

ub2

OCI_ATTR_CHARSET_FORM

The character set form, if the type attribute is of a string or character type

ub1

7.2.8 Synonym Attributes

Lists and describes the attributes when a parameter is for a synonym.

Table 7-11 lists the attributes when a parameter is for a synonym (type OCI_PTYPE_SYN).

Table 7-11 Attributes of Synonyms

Attribute Description Attribute Data Type

OCI_ATTR_OBJID

Object ID

ub4

OCI_ATTR_SCHEMA_NAME

A string containing the schema name of the synonym translation

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_NAME

A NULL-terminated string containing the object name of the synonym translation

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_LINK

A NULL-terminated string containing the database link name of the synonym translation

OraText *

7.2.9 Sequence Attributes

Lists and describes the attributes when a parameter is for a sequence.

Table 7-12 lists the attributes when a parameter is for a sequence (type OCI_PTYPE_SEQ).

Table 7-12 Attributes of Sequences

Attribute Description Attribute Data Type

OCI_ATTR_OBJID

Object ID

ub4

OCI_ATTR_MIN

Minimum value (in Oracle NUMBER format)

ub1

OCI_ATTR_MAX

Maximum value (in Oracle NUMBER format)

ub1

OCI_ATTR_INCR

Increment (in Oracle NUMBER format)

ub1

OCI_ATTR_CACHE

Number of sequence numbers cached; zero if the sequence is not a cached sequence (in Oracle NUMBER format)

ub1

OCI_ATTR_ORDER

Whether the sequence is ordered

ub1

OCI_ATTR_HW_MARK

High-water mark (in NUMBER format)

ub1

See Also:

OCINumber Examples

7.2.10 Column Attributes

Lists and describes the attributes when a parameter is for a column of a table or view.

Note:

For BINARY_FLOAT and BINARY_DOUBLE:

If OCIDescribeAny() is used to retrieve the column data type (OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE) for BINARY_FLOAT or BINARY_DOUBLE columns in a table, it returns the internal data type code.

The SQLT codes corresponding to the internal data type codes for BINARY_FLOAT and BINARY_DOUBLE are SQLT_IBFLOAT and SQLT_IBDOUBLE.

The following table lists the attributes when a parameter is for a column of a table or view (type OCI_PTYPE_COL).

Table 7-13 Attributes of Columns of Tables or Views

Attribute Description Attribute Data Type

OCI_ATTR_CHAR_USED

Returns the type of length semantics of the column. Zero (0) means byte-length semantics and 1 means character-length semantics. See Character-Length Semantics Support in Describe Operations.

ub1

OCI_ATTR_CHAR_SIZE

Returns the column character length that is the number of characters allowed in the column. It is the counterpart of OCI_ATTR_DATA_SIZE, which gets the byte length. See Character-Length Semantics Support in Describe Operations.

ub2

OCI_ATTR_COLLATION_ID

Returns the derived collation ID of the column. The OCI_ATTR_COLLATION_ID attribute is valid only for select-list describes based on a statement handle for a query and not for OCIDescribeAny() describes. It is relevant only for select-list items of character data types. For other data types the value is always OCI_COLLATION_NONE. Table 7-14 describes the predefined constraints for a number of commonly used collation IDs.

Note:

You can use the SQL built-in functions NLS_COLLATION_ID and NLS_COLLATION_NAME to map between collation IDs returned for this attribute and collation names used in SQL syntax.

See Also:

ub4 *

OCI_ATTR_COL_PROPERTIES

Returns describe data regarding certain column properties. The following are the flags available in OCI_ATTR_COL_PROPERTIES:

  • OCI_ATTR_COL_PROPERTY_IS_IDENTITY

  • OCI_ATTR_COL_PROPERTY_IS_GEN_ALWAYS

    • 1 - represents it is ALWAYS GENERATED

    • 0 - represents GENERATED BY DEFAULT

  • OCI_ATTR_COL_PROPERTY_IS_GEN_BY_DEF_ON_NULL

  • OCI_ATTR_COL_PROPERTY_IS_LPART

  • OCI_ATTR_COL_PROPERTY_IS_CONID

The following is a sample usage:

OCIAttrGet((dvoid*) mypard, (ub4) OCI_DTYPE_PARAM,
  (dvoid*) &col_prop, (ub4 *) 0,(ub4) OCI_ATTR_COL_PROPERTIES,
  (OCIError *) errhp  ));
if(col_prop & OCI_ATTR_COL_PROPERTY_IS_IDENTITY)
  printf("Identity Column \n");
if(col_prop & OCI_ATTR_COL_PROPERTY_IS_GEN_ALWAYS)
  printf("Column is always generated\n");
if(col_prop & OCI_ATTR_COL_PROPERTY_IS_GEN_BY_DEF_ON_NULL)
  printf("Column is generated by default on NULL\n");
if(col_prop & OCI_ATTR_COL_PROPERTY_IS_LPART)
  printf("Column is an implicitly generated logical partitioning column for container_map enabled objects\n");
if(col_prop & OCI_ATTR_COL_PROPERTY_IS_CONID)
  printf("Column is a CON_ID column implicitly generated by CONTAINERS() or is an ORIGIN_CON_ID column implicitly generated for Extended Data Link\n");

See Oracle Database SQL Language Reference for more information about the SQL syntax to specify these properties in an identity clause for a column definition in the CREATE TABLE statement.

ub8

OCI_ATTR_INVISIBLE_COL

Returns whether a column is invisible or not. A value of TRUE indicates the column is an invisible column. Otherwise, the value FALSE is returned. See "Describing Each Column to Know Whether It Is an Invisible Column" for an example.

ub1

OCI_ATTR_DATA_SIZE

The maximum size of the column. This length is returned in bytes and not characters for strings and raws. It returns 22 for NUMBERs.

ub2

OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE

The data type of the column. See Data Type Codes.

ub2

OCI_ATTR_NAME

A pointer to a string that is the column name

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_PRECISION

The precision of numeric columns. If the precision is nonzero and scale is -127, then it is a FLOAT; otherwise, it is a NUMBER(precision, scale). When precision is 0, NUMBER(precision, scale) can be represented simply as NUMBER.

ub1

for explicit describe

sb2

for implicit describe

OCI_ATTR_SCALE

The scale of numeric columns. If the precision is nonzero and scale is -127, then it is a FLOAT; otherwise, it is a NUMBER(precision, scale). When precision is 0, NUMBER(precision, scale) can be represented simply as NUMBER.

sb1

OCI_ATTR_IS_NULL

Returns 0 if null values are not permitted for the column. Does not return a correct value for a CUBE or ROLLUP operation.

ub1

OCI_ATTR_TYPE_NAME

Returns a string that is the type name. The returned value contains the type name if the data type is SQLT_NTY or SQLT_REF. If the data type is SQLT_NTY, the name of the named data type's type is returned. If the data type is SQLT_REF, the type name of the named data type pointed to by the REF is returned.

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_SCHEMA_NAME

Returns a string with the schema name under which the type has been created

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_REF_TDO

The REF of the TDO for the type, if the column type is an object type

OCIRef *

OCI_ATTR_CHARSET_ID

The character set ID, if the column is of a string or character type

ub2

OCI_ATTR_CHARSET_FORM

The character set form, if the column is of a string or character type

ub1

Table 7-14 describes predefined constants for a number of commonly used collation IDs, which can be returned for the attribute OCI_ATTR_COLLATION_ID. The constants are listed with their values (in parenthesis) and the SQL names of the corresponding collations.

Table 7-14 Predefined Collation IDs, Their ub4 Values (in parenthesis), and Their SQL Names

Collation ID (Value) SQL Name
OCI_COLLATION_NONE (0) Undefined collation; no collation has been specified.
OCI_COLLATION_NLS_COMP (16382) USING_NLS_COMP
OCI_COLLATION_NLS_SORT (16381) USING_NLS_SORT
OCI_COLLATION_NLS_SORT_CI (16380) USING_NLS_SORT_CI
OCI_COLLATION_NLS_SORT_AI (16379) USING_NLS_SORT_AI
OCI_COLLATION_NLS_SORT_CS (16378) USING_NLS_SORT_CS
OCI_COLLATION_BINARY (16383) BINARY
OCI_COLLATION_BINARY_CI (147455) BINARY_CI
OCI_COLLATION_BINARY_AI (81919) BINARY_AI

See Also:

OCIDescribeAny()

7.2.11 Argument and Result Attributes

Lists and describes the attributes when a parameter is for an argument of a procedure or function.

Table 7-15 lists the attributes when a parameter is for an argument of a procedure or function (type OCI_PTYPE_ARG), for a type method argument (type OCI_PTYPE_TYPE_ARG), or for method results (type OCI_PTYPE_TYPE_RESULT).

Table 7-15 Attributes of Arguments and Results

Attribute Description Attribute Data Type

OCI_ATTR_NAME

Returns a pointer to a string that is the argument name

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_POSITION

The position of the argument in the argument list. Always returns zero.

ub2

OCI_ATTR_TYPECODE

Typecode. See Data Type Codes.

OCITypeCode

OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE

The data type of the argument. See Data Type Codes.

ub2

OCI_ATTR_DATA_SIZE

The size of the data type of the argument. This length is returned in bytes and not characters for strings and raws. It returns 22 for NUMBERs.

ub2

OCI_ATTR_PRECISION

The precision of numeric arguments. If the precision is nonzero and scale is -127, then it is a FLOAT; otherwise, it is a NUMBER(precision, scale). When precision is 0, NUMBER(precision, scale) can be represented simply as NUMBER.

sb1 for explicit describe

sb2 for implicit describe

OCI_ATTR_SCALE

The scale of numeric arguments. If the precision is nonzero and scale is -127, then it is a FLOAT; otherwise, it is a NUMBER(precision, scale). When precision is 0, NUMBER(precision, scale) can be represented simply as NUMBER.

sb1

OCI_ATTR_LEVEL

The data type levels. This attribute always returns zero.

ub2

OCI_ATTR_HAS_DEFAULT

Indicates whether an argument has a default

ub1

OCI_ATTR_LIST_ARGUMENTS

The list of arguments at the next level (when the argument is of a record or table type)

void *

OCI_ATTR_IOMODE

Indicates the argument mode:

0 is IN (OCI_TYPEPARAM_IN),

1 is OUT (OCI_TYPEPARAM_OUT),

2 is IN/OUT (OCI_TYPEPARAM_INOUT)

OCITypeParamMode

OCI_ATTR_RADIX

Returns a radix (if number type)

ub1

OCI_ATTR_IS_NULL

Returns 0 if null values are not permitted for the column

ub1

OCI_ATTR_TYPE_NAME

Returns a string that is the type name or the package name for package local types. The returned value contains the type name if the data type is SQLT_NTY or SQLT_REF. If the data type is SQLT_NTY, the name of the named data type's type is returned. If the data type is SQLT_REF, the type name of the named data type pointed to by the REF is returned.

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_SCHEMA_NAME

For SQLT_NTY or SQLT_REF, returns a string with the schema name under which the type was created, or under which the package was created for package local types

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_SUB_NAME

For SQLT_NTY or SQLT_REF, returns a string with the type name, for package local types

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_LINK

For SQLT_NTY or SQLT_REF, returns a string with the database link name of the database on which the type exists. This can happen only for package local types, when the package is remote.

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_REF_TDO

Returns the REF of the type descriptor object (TDO) for the type, if the argument type is an object

OCIRef *

OCI_ATTR_CHARSET_ID

Returns the character set ID if the argument is of a string or character type

ub2

OCI_ATTR_CHARSET_FORM

Returns the character set form if the argument is of a string or character type

ub1

7.2.12 List Attributes

Lists and describes the attributes when the parameter is for a list of columns, arguments, and subprograms, or fields of a package record type.

When a parameter is for a list of columns, arguments, and subprograms, or fields of a package record type (type OCI_PTYPE_LIST), it has the type-specific attributes and handles (parameters) shown in Table 7-16.

The list has an OCI_ATTR_LTYPE attribute that designates the list type. Table 7-16 lists the possible values and their lower bounds when traversing the list.

Table 7-16 List Attributes

List Attribute Description Lower Bound

OCI_LTYPE_COLUMN

Column list

1

OCI_LTYPE_ARG_PROC

Procedure argument list

1

OCI_LTYPE_ARG_FUNC

Function argument list

0

OCI_LTYPE_SUBPRG

Subprogram list

0

OCI_LTYPE_TYPE_ATTR

Type attribute list

1

OCI_LTYPE_TYPE_METHOD

Type method list

1

OCI_LTYPE_TYPE_ARG_PROC

Type method without result argument list

0

OCI_LTYPE_TYPE_ARG_FUNC

Type method without result argument list

1

OCI_LTYPE_SCH_OBJ

Object list within a schema

0

OCI_LTYPE_DB_SCH

Schema list within a database

0

The list has an OCI_ATTR_NUM_PARAMS attribute, which tells the number of elements in the list.

Each list has LowerBound ... OCI_ATTR_NUM_PARAMS parameters. LowerBound is the value in the Lower Bound column of Table 7-16. For a function argument list, position 0 has a parameter for the return value (type OCI_PTYPE_ARG).

7.2.13 Schema Attributes

Lists and describes the attributes when a parameter is for a schema type.

Table 7-17 lists the attributes when a parameter is for a schema type (type OCI_PTYPE_SCHEMA).

Table 7-17 Attributes Specific to Schemas

Attribute Description Attribute Data Type

OCI_ATTR_LIST_OBJECTS

List of objects in the schema

OCIParam *

7.2.14 Database Attributes

Lists and describes the attributes when a parameter is for a database type.

Table 7-18 lists the attributes when a parameter is for a database type (type OCI_PTYPE_DATABASE).

Table 7-18 Attributes Specific to Databases

Attribute Description Attribute Data Type

OCI_ATTR_VERSION

Database version

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_CHARSET_ID

Database character set ID from the server handle

ub2

OCI_ATTR_NCHARSET_ID

Database national character set ID from the server handle

ub2

OCI_ATTR_LIST_SCHEMAS

List of schemas (type OCI_PTYPE_SCHEMA) in the database

ub1

OCI_ATTR_MAX_PROC_LEN

Maximum length of a procedure name

ub4

OCI_ATTR_MAX_COLUMN_LEN

Maximum length of a column name

ub4

OCI_ATTR_CURSOR_COMMIT_BEHAVIOR

How a COMMIT operation affects cursors and prepared statements in the database. Values are:

OCI_CURSOR_OPEN - Preserve cursor state as before the commit operation.

OCI_CURSOR_CLOSED - Cursors are closed on COMMIT, but the application can still reexecute the statement without preparing it again.

ub1

OCI_ATTR_MAX_CATALOG_NAMELEN

Maximum length of a catalog (database) name

ub1

OCI_ATTR_CATALOG_LOCATION

Position of the catalog in a qualified table. Values are OCI_CL_START and OCI_CL_END.

ub1

OCI_ATTR_SAVEPOINT_SUPPORT

Does database support savepoints? Values are OCI_SP_SUPPORTED and OCI_SP_UNSUPPORTED.

ub1

OCI_ATTR_NOWAIT_SUPPORT

Does database support the nowait clause? Values are OCI_NW_SUPPORTED and OCI_NW_UNSUPPORTED.

ub1

OCI_ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT_DDL

Is autocommit mode required for DDL statements? Values are OCI_AC_DDL and OCI_NO_AC_DDL.

ub1

OCI_ATTR_LOCKING_MODE

Locking mode for the database. Values are OCI_LOCK_IMMEDIATE and OCI_LOCK_DELAYED.

ub1

7.2.15 Rule Attributes

Lists and describes the attributes when a parameter is for a rule.

Table 7-19 lists the attributes when a parameter is for a rule (type OCI_PTYPE_RULE).

Table 7-19 Attributes Specific to Rules

Attribute Description Attribute Data Type

OCI_ATTR_CONDITION

Rule condition

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_EVAL_CONTEXT_OWNER

Owner name of the evaluation context associated with the rule, if any

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_EVAL_CONTEXT_NAME

Object name of the evaluation context associated with the rule, if any

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_COMMENT

Comment associated with the rule, if any

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_LIST_ACTION_CONTEXT

List of name-value pairs in the action context (type OCI_PTYPE_LIST)

void *

7.2.16 Rule Set Attributes

Lists and describes the attributes when a parameter is for a rule set.

Table 7-20 lists the attributes when a parameter is for a rule set (type OCI_PTYPE_RULE_SET).

Table 7-20 Attributes Specific to Rule Sets

Attribute Description Attribute Data Type

OCI_ATTR_EVAL_CONTEXT_OWNER

Owner name of the evaluation context associated with the rule set, if any

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_EVAL_CONTEXT_NAME

Object name of the evaluation context associated with the rule set, if any

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_COMMENT

Comment associated with the rule set, if any

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_LIST_RULES

List of rules in the rule set (type OCI_PTYPE_LIST)

void *

7.2.17 Evaluation Context Attributes

Lists and describes the attributes when a parameter is for an evaluation context.

Table 7-21 lists the attributes when a parameter is for an evaluation context (type OCI_PTYPE_EVALUATION_CONTEXT).

Table 7-21 Attributes Specific to Evaluation Contexts

Attribute Description Attribute Data Type

OCI_ATTR_EVALUATION_FUNCTION

Evaluation function associated with the evaluation context, if any

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_COMMENT

Comment associated with the evaluation context, if any

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_LIST_TABLE_ALIASES

List of table aliases in the evaluation context (type OCI_PTYPE_LIST)

void *

OCI_ATTR_LIST_VARIABLE_TYPES

List of variable types in the evaluation context (type OCI_PTYPE_LIST)

void *

7.2.18 Table Alias Attributes

Lists and describes the attributes when a parameter is for a table alias.

Table 7-22 lists the attributes when a parameter is for a table alias (type OCI_PTYPE_TABLE_ALIAS).

Table 7-22 Attributes Specific to Table Aliases

Attribute Description Attribute Data Type

OCI_ATTR_NAME

Table alias name

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_TABLE_NAME

Table name associated with the alias

OraText *

7.2.19 Variable Type Attributes

Lists and describes the attributes when a parameter is for a variable.

Table 7-23 lists the attributes when a parameter is for a variable (type OCI_PTYPE_VARIABLE_TYPE).

Table 7-23 Attributes Specific to Variable Types

Attribute Description Attribute Data Type

OCI_ATTR_NAME

Variable name

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_TYPE

Variable type

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_VAR_VALUE_FUNCTION

Variable value function associated with the variable, if any

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_VAR_METHOD_FUNCTION

Variable method function associated with the variable, if any

OraText *

7.2.20 Name Value Attributes

Lists and describes the attributes when a parameter is for a name-value pair.

Table 7-24 lists the attributes when a parameter is for a name-value pair (type OCI_PTYPE_NAME_VALUE).

Table 7-24 Attributes Specific to Name-Value Pair

Attribute Description Attribute Data Type

OCI_ATTR_NAME

Name

OraText *

OCI_ATTR_VALUE

Value

OCIAnyData*

7.3 Character-Length Semantics Support in Describe Operations

Query and column information are supported with character-length semantics.

Since release Oracle9i, query and column information are supported with character-length semantics.

The following attributes of describe handles support character-length semantics:

  • OCI_ATTR_CHAR_SIZE gets the column character length, which is the number of characters allowed in the column. It is the counterpart of OCI_ATTR_DATA_SIZE, which gets the byte length.

  • Calling OCIAttrGet() with attribute OCI_ATTR_CHAR_SIZE or OCI_ATTR_DATA_SIZE does not return data on stored procedure parameters, because stored procedure parameters are not bounded.

  • OCI_ATTR_CHAR_USED gets the type of length semantics of the column. Zero (0) means byte-length semantics and 1 means character-length semantics.

An application can describe a select-list query either implicitly or explicitly through OCIStmtExecute(). Other schema elements must be described explicitly through OCIDescribeAny().

This section includes the following topics:

7.3.1 Implicit Describing

If the database column was created using character-length semantics, then the implicit describe information contains the character length, the byte length, and a flag indicating how the database column was created.

OCI_ATTR_CHAR_SIZE is the character length of the column or expression. The OCI_ATTR_CHAR_USED flag is 1 in this case, indicating that the column or expression was created with character-length semantics.

The OCI_ATTR_DATA_SIZE value is always large enough to hold all the data, as many as OCI_ATTR_CHAR_SIZE number of characters. The OCI_ATTR_DATA_SIZE is usually set to (OCI_ATTR_CHAR_SIZE)*(the client's maximum number of bytes) for each character value.

If the database column was created with byte-length semantics, then for the implicit describe (it behaves exactly as it does before release 9.0) the OCI_ATTR_DATA_SIZE value returned is (column's byte length)*(the maximum conversion ratio between the client and server's character set). That is, the column byte length divided by the server's maximum number of bytes for each character multiplied by the client's maximum number of bytes for each character. The OCI_ATTR_CHAR_USED value is 0 and the OCI_ATTR_CHAR_SIZE value is set to the same value as OCI_ATTR_DATA_SIZE.

7.3.2 Explicit Describing

Explicit describes of tables have three attributes: OCI_ATTR_DATA_SIZE, OCI_ATTR_CHAR_SIZE, and OCI_ATTR_CHAR_USED.

Explicit describes of tables have the following attributes:

  • OCI_ATTR_DATA_SIZE gets the column's size in bytes, as it appears in the server

  • OCI_ATTR_CHAR_SIZE indicates the length of the column in characters

  • OCI_ATTR_CHAR_USED, is a flag that indicates how the column was created, as described previously in terms of the type of length semantics of the column

When inserting, if the OCI_ATTR_CHAR_USED flag is set, you can set the OCI_ATTR_MAXCHAR_SIZE in the bind handle to the value returned by OCI_ATTR_CHAR_SIZE in the parameter handle. This prevents you from violating the size constraint for the column.

This section includes the following topic: Client and Server Compatibility Issues for Describing.

See Also:

IN Binds

7.3.2.1 Client and Server Compatibility Issues for Describing

Character-length semantics depends on the release of the server or client. It is best described when both server and client are Oracle9i or later. Otherwise, compatibility issues as described result.

When an Oracle9i or later client talks to an Oracle8i or earlier server, it behaves as if the database is only using byte-length semantics.

When an Oracle8i or earlier client talks to a Oracle9i or later server, the attributes OCI_ATTR_CHAR_SIZE and OCI_ATTR_CHAR_USED are not available on the client side.

In both cases, the character-length semantics cannot be described when either the server or client has an Oracle8i or earlier software release.

7.4 Examples Using OCIDescribeAny()

The following examples demonstrate the use of OCIDescribeAny() for describing different types of schema objects.

For a more detailed code sample, see the demonstration program cdemodsa.c included with your Oracle Database installation.

See Also:

7.4.1 Describing with Boolean Data Type Columns

Describing on a table with boolean data type columns.

When you do a describe on a table with boolean Data Type columns, external datatype code SQLT_BOL is returned. This function also returns the maximum data size and the display size for boolean data type from the server. The maximum data size returned for boolean is 1byte, whereas the display size for boolean is 11bytes. SQLplus uses the display size to display TRUE or FALSE as string and for converting the boolean true to false to string TRUE or FALSE.

Example 7-2 Support for Boolean Data Type

text tblName[] = "BoolTable”; /* the name of a table to be described */

if (OCIDescribeAny(svch, errh, (void *)tblName, sizeof(tblName), OCI_OTYPE_NAME, 0,OCI_PTYPE_TABLE, dschp))
return OCI_ERROR;

/* get the parameter handle */
if (OCIAttrGet((void *)dschp, OCI_HTYPE_DESCRIBE, (void *)&parmh, (ub4 *)0, OCI_ATTR_PARAM, errh))
   return OCI_ERROR;

/* The type information of the object, in this case, OCI_PTYPE_TABLE,
is obtained from the parameter descriptor returned by the OCIAttrGet(). */
/* get the number of columns in the table */
numcols = 0;
if (OCIAttrGet((void *)parmh, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, (void *)&numcols, (ub4 *)0, OCI_ATTR_NUM_COLS, errh))
   return OCI_ERROR;

   …
   …

/* go through the column list and retrieve the data type of each column,
and then recursively describe column types. */
for (i = 1; i <= numcols; i++)
{

/* for example, get data type for ith column */
coltyp = 0;
if (OCIAttrGet((void *)colhd, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, (void *)&coltyp, (ub4 *)0,OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE, errh)) 
return OCI_ERROR;
if (coltype == SQLT_BOL)
	printf(“Column type is boolean\n”);

/* get max data size */
if (OCIAttrGet((void *)colhd, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, (void *)&colmaxsz, (ub4 *)0,OCI_ATTR_DATA_SIZE, errh))
return OCI_ERROR;

/* get display size */
if (OCIAttrGet((void *)colhd, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, (void *)&coldispsz, (ub4 *)0,OCI_ATTR_DISP_SIZE, errh))
return OCI_ERROR;

}

7.4.2 Retrieving Column Data Types for a Table

Illustrates the use of an explicit describe that retrieves the column data types for a table.

Example 7-3 illustrates the use of an explicit describe that retrieves the column data types for a table.

Example 7-3 Using an Explicit Describe to Retrieve Column Data Types for a Table

...
int i=0;
text objptr[] = "EMPLOYEES"; /* the name of a table to be described */
ub2          numcols, col_width;
ub1          char_semantics;
ub2  coltyp;
ub4 objp_len = (ub4) strlen((char *)objptr);
OCIParam *parmh = (OCIParam *) 0;         /* parameter handle */
OCIParam *collsthd = (OCIParam *) 0;      /* handle to list of columns */
OCIParam *colhd = (OCIParam *) 0;         /* column handle */
OCIDescribe *dschp = (OCIDescribe *)0;      /* describe handle */

OCIHandleAlloc((void *)envhp, (void **)&dschp,
        (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_DESCRIBE, (size_t)0, (void **)0);

/* get the describe handle for the table */
if (OCIDescribeAny(svch, errh, (void *)objptr, objp_len, OCI_OTYPE_NAME, 0,
     OCI_PTYPE_TABLE, dschp))
   return OCI_ERROR;

/* get the parameter handle */
if (OCIAttrGet((void *)dschp, OCI_HTYPE_DESCRIBE, (void *)&parmh, (ub4 *)0,
                OCI_ATTR_PARAM, errh))
    return OCI_ERROR;

/* The type information of the object, in this case, OCI_PTYPE_TABLE,
is obtained from the parameter descriptor returned by the OCIAttrGet(). */
/* get the number of columns in the table */
numcols = 0;
if (OCIAttrGet((void *)parmh, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, (void *)&numcols, (ub4 *)0,
     OCI_ATTR_NUM_COLS, errh))
    return OCI_ERROR;

/* get the handle to the column list of the table */
if (OCIAttrGet((void *)parmh, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, (void *)&collsthd, (ub4 *)0,
     OCI_ATTR_LIST_COLUMNS, errh)==OCI_NO_DATA)
   return OCI_ERROR;

/* go through the column list and retrieve the data type of each column,
and then recursively describe column types. */

for (i = 1; i <= numcols; i++)
{
    /* get parameter for column i */
    if (OCIParamGet((void *)collsthd, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, errh, (void **)&colhd, (ub4)i))
        return OCI_ERROR;

    /* for example, get data type for ith column */
    coltyp = 0;
    if (OCIAttrGet((void *)colhd, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, (void *)&coltyp, (ub4 *)0,
       OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE, errh))
        return OCI_ERROR;

    /* Retrieve the length semantics for the column */
    char_semantics = 0;
    OCIAttrGet((void*) colhd, (ub4) OCI_DTYPE_PARAM,
                 (void*) &char_semantics,(ub4 *) 0, (ub4) OCI_ATTR_CHAR_USED,
                 (OCIError *) errh);

    col_width = 0;
    if (char_semantics)
        /* Retrieve the column width in characters */
        OCIAttrGet((void*) colhd, (ub4) OCI_DTYPE_PARAM,
                 (void*) &col_width, (ub4 *) 0, (ub4) OCI_ATTR_CHAR_SIZE,
                 (OCIError *) errh);
    else
        /* Retrieve the column width in bytes */
        OCIAttrGet((void*) colhd, (ub4) OCI_DTYPE_PARAM,
                 (void*) &col_width,(ub4 *) 0, (ub4) OCI_ATTR_DATA_SIZE,
                 (OCIError *) errh);
}

if (dschp)
    OCIHandleFree((void *) dschp, OCI_HTYPE_DESCRIBE);
...

7.4.3 Describing the Stored Procedure

The steps required to describe type methods (also divided into functions and procedures) are identical to those of regular PL/SQL functions and procedures.

The difference between a procedure and a function is that the latter has a return type at position 0 in the argument list, whereas the former has no argument associated with position 0 in the argument list. Note that procedures and functions can take the default types of objects as arguments. Consider the following procedure:

P1 (arg1 emp.sal%type, arg2 emp%rowtype)

In Example 7-4, assume that each row in emp table has two columns: name(VARCHAR2(20)) and sal(NUMBER). In the argument list for P1, there are two arguments (arg1 and arg2 at positions 1 and 2, respectively) at level 0 and arguments (name and sal at positions 1 and 2, respectively) at level 1. Description of P1 returns the number of arguments as two while returning the higher level (> 0) arguments as attributes of the 0 zero level arguments.

Example 7-4 Describing the Stored Procedure

...
int i = 0, j = 0;
text objptr[] = "add_job_history"; /* the name of a procedure to be described */
ub4 objp_len = (ub4)strlen((char *)objptr);
ub2 numargs = 0, numargs1, pos, level;
text *name, *name1;
ub4 namelen, namelen1;
OCIParam *parmh = (OCIParam *) 0;         /* parameter handle */
OCIParam *arglst = (OCIParam *) 0;          /* list of args */
OCIParam *arg = (OCIParam *) 0;             /* argument handle */
OCIParam *arglst1 = (OCIParam *) 0;          /* list of args */
OCIParam *arg1 = (OCIParam *) 0;             /* argument handle */
OCIDescribe *dschp = (OCIDescribe *)0;      /* describe handle */

OCIHandleAlloc((void *)envhp, (void **)&dschp,
        (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_DESCRIBE, (size_t)0, (void **)0);

/* get the describe handle for the procedure */
if (OCIDescribeAny(svch, errh, (void *)objptr, objp_len, OCI_OTYPE_NAME, 0,
     OCI_PTYPE_PROC, dschp))
   return OCI_ERROR;

/* get the parameter handle */
if (OCIAttrGet((void *)dschp, OCI_HTYPE_DESCRIBE, (void *)&parmh, (ub4 *)0,
         OCI_ATTR_PARAM, errh))
    return OCI_ERROR;

/* Get the number of arguments and the arg list */
if (OCIAttrGet((void *)parmh, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, (void *)&arglst,
       (ub4 *)0, OCI_ATTR_LIST_ARGUMENTS, errh))
    return OCI_ERROR;

if (OCIAttrGet((void *)arglst, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, (void *)&numargs, (ub4 *)0,
    OCI_ATTR_NUM_PARAMS, errh))
    return OCI_ERROR;

/* For a procedure, you begin with i = 1; for a
function, you begin with i = 0. */

for (i = 1; i <= numargs; i++) {
  OCIParamGet ((void *)arglst, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, errh, (void **)&arg, (ub4)i);
  namelen = 0;
  OCIAttrGet((void *)arg, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, (void *)&name, (ub4 *)&namelen,
       OCI_ATTR_NAME, errh);

  /* to print the attributes of the argument of type record
  (arguments at the next level), traverse the argument list */

  OCIAttrGet((void *)arg, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, (void *)&arglst1, (ub4 *)0,
        OCI_ATTR_LIST_ARGUMENTS, errh);

  /* check if the current argument is a record. For arg1 in the procedure
  arglst1 is NULL. */

  if (arglst1) {
    numargs1 = 0;
    OCIAttrGet((void *)arglst1, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, (void *)&numargs1, (ub4 *)0,
         OCI_ATTR_NUM_PARAMS, errh);

    /* Note that for both functions and procedures,the next higher level
    arguments start from index 1. For arg2 in the procedure, the number of
    arguments at the level 1 would be 2 */

    for (j = 1; j <= numargs1; j++) {
      OCIParamGet((void *)arglst1, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, errh, (void **)&arg1,
          (ub4)j);
      namelen1 = 0;
      OCIAttrGet((void *)arg1, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, (void *)&name1, (ub4 *)&namelen1,
        OCI_ATTR_NAME, errh);
    }
  }
}

if (dschp)
    OCIHandleFree((void *) dschp, OCI_HTYPE_DESCRIBE);
...

7.4.4 Retrieving Attributes of an Object Type

Illustrates the use of an explicit describe on a named object type.

Example 7-5 illustrates the use of an explicit describe on a named object type. It illustrates how you can describe an object by its name or by its object reference (OCIRef). The following code fragment attempts to retrieve the data type value of each of the object type's attributes.

Example 7-5 Using an Explicit Describe on a Named Object Type

...
int i = 0;
text type_name[] = "inventory_typ";
ub4 type_name_len = (ub4)strlen((char *)type_name);
OCIRef *type_ref = (OCIRef *) 0;
ub2 numattrs = 0, describe_by_name = 1;
ub2 datatype = 0;
OCITypeCode typecode = 0;
OCIDescribe *dschp = (OCIDescribe *) 0;      /* describe handle */
OCIParam *parmh = (OCIParam *) 0;         /* parameter handle */
OCIParam *attrlsthd = (OCIParam *) 0;     /* handle to list of attrs */
OCIParam *attrhd = (OCIParam *) 0;        /* attribute handle */

/* allocate describe handle */
if (OCIHandleAlloc((void *)envh, (void **)&dschp,
                  (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_DESCRIBE, (size_t)0, (void **)0))
   return OCI_ERROR;

/* get the describe handle for the type */
if (describe_by_name) {
  if (OCIDescribeAny(svch, errh, (void *)type_name, type_name_len,
       OCI_OTYPE_NAME, 0, OCI_PTYPE_TYPE, dschp))
       return OCI_ERROR;
}
else {
  /* get ref to type using OCIAttrGet */

  /* get the describe handle for the type */
  if (OCIDescribeAny(svch, errh, (void*)type_ref, 0, OCI_OTYPE_REF,
        0, OCI_PTYPE_TYPE, dschp))
       return OCI_ERROR;
}

/* get the parameter handle */
if (OCIAttrGet((void *)dschp, OCI_HTYPE_DESCRIBE, (void *)&parmh, (ub4 *)0,
        OCI_ATTR_PARAM, errh))
    return OCI_ERROR;

/* The type information of the object, in this case, OCI_PTYPE_TYPE, is
obtained from the parameter descriptor returned by OCIAttrGet */

/* get the number of attributes in the type */
if (OCIAttrGet((void *)parmh, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, (void *)&numattrs, (ub4 *)0,
    OCI_ATTR_NUM_TYPE_ATTRS, errh))
    return OCI_ERROR;

/* get the handle to the attribute list of the type */
if (OCIAttrGet((void *)parmh, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, (void *)&attrlsthd, (ub4 *)0,
      OCI_ATTR_LIST_TYPE_ATTRS, errh))
  return OCI_ERROR;

/* go through the attribute list and retrieve the data type of each attribute,
and then recursively describe attribute types. */

for (i = 1; i <= numattrs; i++)
{
/* get parameter for attribute i */
if (OCIParamGet((void *)attrlsthd, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, errh, (void **)&attrhd, i))
      return OCI_ERROR;

/* for example, get data type and typecode for attribute; note that
OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE returns the SQLT code, whereas OCI_ATTR_TYPECODE returns the
Oracle Type System typecode. */

datatype = 0;
if (OCIAttrGet((void *)attrhd, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, (void *)&datatype, (ub4 *)0,
               OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE,errh))
    return OCI_ERROR;

typecode = 0;
if (OCIAttrGet((void *)attrhd, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM,(void *)&typecode, (ub4 *)0,
               OCI_ATTR_TYPECODE, errh))
    return OCI_ERROR;

/* if attribute is an object type, recursively describe it */
if (typecode == OCI_TYPECODE_OBJECT)
{
  OCIRef *attr_type_ref;
  OCIDescribe *nested_dschp;

  /* allocate describe handle */
  if (OCIHandleAlloc((void *)envh,(void**)&nested_dschp,
    (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_DESCRIBE,(size_t)0, (void **)0))
    return OCI_ERROR;

  if (OCIAttrGet((void *)attrhd, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM,
          (void *)&attr_type_ref, (ub4 *)0, OCI_ATTR_REF_TDO,errh))
    return OCI_ERROR;

   OCIDescribeAny(svch, errh,(void*)attr_type_ref, 0,
          OCI_OTYPE_REF, 0, OCI_PTYPE_TYPE, nested_dschp);
    /* go on describing the attribute type... */
}
}

if (dschp)
    OCIHandleFree((void *) dschp, OCI_HTYPE_DESCRIBE);
...

7.4.5 Retrieving the Collection Element's Data Type of a Named Collection Type

Illustrates the use of an explicit describe on a named collection type.

Example 7-6 illustrates the use of an explicit describe on a named collection type.

Example 7-6 Using an Explicit Describe on a Named Collection Type

text type_name[] = "phone_list_typ";
ub4 type_name_len = (ub4) strlen((char *)type_name);
OCIRef *type_ref = (OCIRef *) 0;
ub2 describe_by_name = 1;
ub4 num_elements = 0;
OCITypeCode typecode = 0, collection_typecode = 0, element_typecode = 0;
void *collection_element_parmh = (void *) 0;
OCIDescribe *dschp = (OCIDescribe *) 0;      /* describe handle */
OCIParam *parmh = (OCIParam *) 0;         /* parameter handle */

/* allocate describe handle */
if (OCIHandleAlloc((void *)envh, (void **)&dschp,
                  (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_DESCRIBE, (size_t)0, (void **)0))
   return OCI_ERROR;

/* get the describe handle for the type */
if (describe_by_name) {
  if (OCIDescribeAny(svch, errh, (void *)type_name, type_name_len,
       OCI_OTYPE_NAME, 0, OCI_PTYPE_TYPE, dschp))
       return OCI_ERROR;
}
else {
  /* get ref to type using OCIAttrGet */

  /* get the describe handle for the type */
  if (OCIDescribeAny(svch, errh, (void*)type_ref, 0, OCI_OTYPE_REF,
        0, OCI_PTYPE_TYPE, dschp))
       return OCI_ERROR;
}

/* get the parameter handle */
if (OCIAttrGet((void *)dschp, OCI_HTYPE_DESCRIBE, (void *)&parmh, (ub4 *)0,
        OCI_ATTR_PARAM, errh))
    return OCI_ERROR;

/* get the Oracle Type System type code of the type to determine that this is a
collection type */
typecode = 0;
if (OCIAttrGet((void *)parmh, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM,(void *)&typecode, (ub4 *)0,
      OCI_ATTR_TYPECODE, errh))
    return OCI_ERROR;

/* if typecode is OCI_TYPECODE_NAMEDCOLLECTION,
  proceed to describe collection element */
if (typecode == OCI_TYPECODE_NAMEDCOLLECTION)
{
  /* get the collection's type: OCI_TYPECODE_VARRAY or OCI_TYPECODE_TABLE */
  collection_typecode = 0;
  if (OCIAttrGet((void *)parmh, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, (void *)&collection_typecode,
 (ub4 *)0,
       OCI_ATTR_COLLECTION_TYPECODE, errh))
    return OCI_ERROR;

  /* get the collection element; you MUST use this to further retrieve information
     about the collection's element */
  if (OCIAttrGet((void *)parmh, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, &collection_element_parmh,
                 (ub4 *)0,
        OCI_ATTR_COLLECTION_ELEMENT, errh))
    return OCI_ERROR;
  /* get the number of elements if collection is a VARRAY; not valid for nested
     tables */
  if (collection_typecode == OCI_TYPECODE_VARRAY) {
    if (OCIAttrGet((void *)collection_element_parmh, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM,
          (void *)&num_elements, (ub4 *)0, OCI_ATTR_NUM_ELEMS, errh))
      return OCI_ERROR;
  }
  /* now use the collection_element parameter handle to retrieve information about
     the collection element */
  element_typecode = 0;
  if (OCIAttrGet((void *)collection_element_parmh, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM,
        (void *)&element_typecode, (ub4 *)0, OCI_ATTR_TYPECODE, errh))
    return OCI_ERROR;

  /* do the same to describe additional collection element information; this is
  very similar to describing type attributes */
}

if (dschp)
    OCIHandleFree((void *) dschp, OCI_HTYPE_DESCRIBE);
...

7.4.6 Describing with Character-Length Semantics

Shows a loop that retrieves the column names and data types corresponding to a query following query execution.

Example 7-7 shows a loop that retrieves the column names and data types corresponding to a query following query execution. The query was associated with the statement handle by a prior call to OCIStmtPrepare2().

Example 7-7 Using a Parameter Descriptor to Retrieve the Data Types, Column Names, and Character-Length Semantics

...
OCIParam     *mypard = (OCIParam *) 0;
ub2          dtype;
text         *col_name;
ub4          counter, col_name_len, char_semantics;
ub2          col_width;
sb4          parm_status;

text *sqlstmt = (text *)"SELECT * FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 100";

checkerr(errhp, OCIStmtPrepare2(svchp, &stmthp, errhp, (OraText *)sqlstmt,
                    (ub4)strlen((char *)sqlstmt), NULL, 0,
                    (ub4) OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4) OCI_DEFAULT));
checkerr(errhp, OCIStmtExecute(svchp, stmthp, errhp, 0, 0, (OCISnapshot *)0, (OCISnapshot *)0, OCI_DEFAULT));

/* Request a parameter descriptor for position 1 in the select list */
counter = 1;
parm_status = OCIParamGet((void *)stmthp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, errhp,
               (void **)&mypard, (ub4) counter);
/* Loop only if a descriptor was successfully retrieved for
   current position, starting at 1 */
while (parm_status == OCI_SUCCESS) {
   /* Retrieve the data type attribute */
   checkerr(errhp, OCIAttrGet((void*) mypard, (ub4) OCI_DTYPE_PARAM,
           (void*) &dtype,(ub4 *) 0, (ub4) OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE,
           (OCIError *) errhp  ));
   /* Retrieve the column name attribute */
   col_name_len = 0;
   checkerr(errhp, OCIAttrGet((void*) mypard, (ub4) OCI_DTYPE_PARAM,
           (void**) &col_name, (ub4 *) &col_name_len, (ub4) OCI_ATTR_NAME,
           (OCIError *) errhp ));
   /* Retrieve the length semantics for the column */
   char_semantics = 0;
   checkerr(errhp, OCIAttrGet((void*) mypard, (ub4) OCI_DTYPE_PARAM,
           (void*) &char_semantics,(ub4 *) 0, (ub4) OCI_ATTR_CHAR_USED,
           (OCIError *) errhp  ));
   col_width = 0;
   if (char_semantics)
       /* Retrieve the column width in characters */
       checkerr(errhp, OCIAttrGet((void*) mypard, (ub4) OCI_DTYPE_PARAM,
               (void*) &col_width, (ub4 *) 0, (ub4) OCI_ATTR_CHAR_SIZE,
               (OCIError *) errhp  ));
   else
       /* Retrieve the column width in bytes */
       checkerr(errhp, OCIAttrGet((void*) mypard, (ub4) OCI_DTYPE_PARAM,
               (void*) &col_width,(ub4 *) 0, (ub4) OCI_ATTR_DATA_SIZE,
               (OCIError *) errhp  ));
   /* increment counter and get next descriptor, if there is one */
   counter++;
   parm_status = OCIParamGet((void *)stmthp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, errhp,
          (void **)&mypard, (ub4) counter);
} /* while */
...

7.4.7 Describing Each Column to Know Whether It Is an Invisible Column

Illustrates the use of invisible column properties and checking each column to determine if it is an invisible column.

The following code example illustrates the use of invisible column properties and checking each column to determine if it is an invisible column. See the OCI_ATTR_INVISIBLE_COL attribute description in the table in Column Attributes for more information.

Example 7-8 Checking for Invisible Columns

.....
.....
  checkerr(errhp, OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *) envhp, (dvoid **) &dschp,
                           (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_DESCRIBE,
                           (size_t) 0, (dvoid **) 0));
  /* Set the invisible column attribute to get the invisible column(s). */
  checkerr(errhp, OCIAttrSet(dschp, OCI_HTYPE_DESCRIBE, &invscols, 0,
                             OCI_ATTR_SHOW_INVISIBLE_COLUMNS, errhp));
 
  if ((retval = OCIDescribeAny(svchp, errhp, (dvoid *)tablename,
                               (ub4) strlen((char *) tablename),
                               OCI_OTYPE_NAME, (ub1)1,
                               OCI_PTYPE_TABLE, dschp)) != OCI_SUCCESS)
  {
    if (retval == OCI_NO_DATA)
    {
      printf("NO DATA: OCIDescribeAny on %s\n", tablename);
    }
    else                                                      /* OCI_ERROR */
    {
      printf( "ERROR: OCIDescribeAny on %s\n", tablename);
      checkerr(errhp, retval);
      return;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    ub1 colIsInv;
    /* Get the parameter descriptor. */
    checkerr (errhp, OCIAttrGet((dvoid *)dschp, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_DESCRIBE,
                         (dvoid *)&parmp, (ub4 *)0, (ub4)OCI_ATTR_PARAM,
                         (OCIError *)errhp));
 
    /* Get the attributes of the table. */
    checkerr (errhp, OCIAttrGet((dvoid*) parmp, (ub4) OCI_DTYPE_PARAM,
                         (dvoid*) &objid, (ub4 *) 0,
                         (ub4) OCI_ATTR_OBJID, (OCIError *)errhp));
    /* Get the column list of the table. */
    checkerr (errhp, OCIAttrGet((dvoid*) parmp, (ub4) OCI_DTYPE_PARAM,
                         (dvoid*) &collst, (ub4 *) 0,
                         (ub4) OCI_ATTR_LIST_COLUMNS, (OCIError *)errhp));
    /* Get the number of columns. */
    checkerr (errhp, OCIAttrGet((dvoid*) parmp, (ub4) OCI_DTYPE_PARAM,
                         (dvoid*) &numcols, (ub4 *) 0,
                         (ub4) OCI_ATTR_NUM_COLS, (OCIError *)errhp));
 
   /* Now describe each column to know whether it is a invisible column or not. */
 
     for (pos = 1; pos <= parmcnt; pos++)
       {
       /* Get the parameter descriptor for each column. */
       checkerr (errhp, OCIParamGet((dvoid *)parmp, (ub4)OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, errhp,
                       (dvoid *)&parmdp, (ub4) pos));
       .....
       .....
    
       checkerr (errhp, OCIAttrGet((dvoid*) parmdp, (ub4) OCI_DTYPE_PARAM,
                         (dvoid*) &colIsInv, (ub4 *) 0,
                         (ub4) OCI_ATTR_INVISIBLE_COL, (OCIError *)errhp));
 
       .....
       .....
 
       }
 
   }
    .....
    .....