Using Oracle Spatial Studio

3 Using Oracle Spatial Studio

Using Oracle Spatial Studio, you can create one or more projects, each of which can define one or more spatial datasets on which you can perform various spatial operations.

It is important you understand the following terminologies when working on Spatial Studio:

A project contains Spatial Studio objects, such as datasets, that are logically related to some intended usage. For example, a project might be named New England Sales Territories, or Sales Territories and Customers, or Ohio Airports and Counties. When creating a project, you should know the purposes for which you want to identify and analyze spatial data in a geographic area.
A dataset is a collection of spatial features of a specific usage type and geometry type. For example, datasets might include Airports represented by polygon geometries, or Roadways represented by LRS line string geometries, or Accidents represented by point geometries.
A connection specifies information for connecting to an Oracle Database schema where spatial data of interest resides: user name, password, system, port, database name, and so on. (It is similar to a SQL Developer connection.)

Note:

See also Spatial Studio Terminology for more information.

The main landing page for Spatial Studio for a new user is as shown:

Figure 3-1 Spatial Studio Main Page

Description of "Figure 3-1 Spatial Studio Main Page"

The overall layout of the Spatial Studio user interface comprises of:

Header: The header at the top of the page contains the following buttons:
- : to display or hide the side navigation menu
- : to help you get started on Spatial Studio by providing an overview of the tool and links to other tutorial resources
- : displays the user profile details
Side Navigation Menu: A navigation panel on the left displays the menu items. You can expand or collapse the navigation drawer.
User Workspace: The page specific details for the selected menu option is displayed on the right.

The navigation menu consists of the following menu options:

Active Project: Directs you to the Active Project page where your recent working project is displayed.
Projects: Directs you to the Projects page where all your existing projects and published projects are listed.
Datasets: Directs you to the Datasets page where all the datasets available to you are listed.
Connections: Directs you to the Connections page where all the existing connections (data sources) available to you are listed.
Jobs: Directs you to the Jobs page where the various background jobs started by Spatial Studio to process various requests are listed.
Administration: Directs you to the Administration page where you can monitor the status and activity of Spatial Studio. It contains tabs for Settings, Maintenance, and Monitoring.

3.1 Getting Started Using Spatial Studio

Spatial Studio includes a page with information and links to help you get started using the tool.

To display this page, click the small question mark icon (?) in the top right area of most pages (above the Create button). The Get Started with Spatial Studio page includes:

Watch Overview: Watching this video is perhaps the best way to grasp the user interface and see how to perform available actions.
Prepare Data: Enable your business data for mapping and spatial analysis.
Visualize and Analyze: Explore geographic patterns and relationships in your business data.
Learn More: Visit our video library to learn more about Oracle Spatial Cloud.

3.2 Spatial Studio Active Project Page

The Active Project page displays your current working project.

You can switch to your working project at any time from the other pages when working in Spatial Studio.

The following figure shows a layout of the Active Project page:

Figure 3-2 Active Project Page

Description of "Figure 3-2 Active Project Page"

You can perform the following actions on the Active Project page:

Creating a table or map visualization.
Adding or removing datasets from your project.
Adding or removing data from a visualization layer.
Adjusting the style setting or the zoom resolution for your visualization layer. You can click the menu selector next to the dataset name in the Data tab to display the following available options:
- Settings: Shows display options for Style, Interaction, and Legend.
- Spatial Analysis: Lets you perform many spatial operations (All, or filtered by type: Filter, Combine, Transform, Measure), such as Add a buffer of a specified distance, Return shapes having spatial relationship to another, and Calculate area.
- Zoom to Layer: Zooms the display (out or in) to fit the entire layer.
- Refresh Layer: Refreshes the layer to reflect all user actions.
- Remove: Removes the layer from the project.

The following icons are displayed on the top-right area of the Active Project page:

Figure 3-3 Active Project Page Icons

Description of "Figure 3-3 Active Project Page Icons"

They are as follows:

Save : Saves your updates to the project
Save As : Creates a new copy of the project
Share : Publishes the project
Project Settings: Allows you to edit the project details (such as, Name, Created By and Description)
Close: Close the project

3.3 Spatial Studio Projects Page

The Projects page lists all the projects that have been created, both unpublished and published.

Figure 3-1 shows the layout of the Projects page.

You can perform the following actions on the Projects page:

You can select a project to work or for viewing the details.
You can create a new project by clicking Create Project.
You can import a project by clicking Import and selecting a project zip file in the Import Project dialog.
You can open, export or delete a project by clicking the hamburger icon for any of the listed projects.
You can alter the display settings to have the projects listed as cards or in a tabular format.
You can search for both unpublished and published projects.

Note:

For the first two actions, the project will be opened in the Active Project page.

3.4 Spatial Studio Datasets Page

The Datasets page lets you view and edit existing datasets, and create new ones.

The following figure shows the Datasets page:

Figure 3-4 Datasets Page

Description of "Figure 3-4 Datasets Page"

You can perform the following actions on the Datasets page:

You can create a new dataset, by clicking Create Dataset.
You can create a dataset from the following sources:
- Oracle Database table or view using a database connection
- By uploading dataset files with different formats to the database, such as :
  - Spreadsheet file
  - Shapefile
  - GeoJSON file
  - CSV file
  - KML file
- By importing 3D Tiles Tileset

By clicking against any displayed dataset or by right-clicking a dataset row, you can perform the following actions :

Properties: View or modify properties of the dataset
Update Statistics: Update the dataset statistics
Create Project: Create a new project using the dataset
Add to Active Project: Add the dataset to the project in the Active Project page
Export: Export the dataset (in GeoJSON or CSV file format)
Save as: Make a new copy of the dataset
Permissions: Configure dataset sharing and permissions
Cache: Control map tiles pre-caching activities
Prepare: Prepare a dataset for any of the following options:
- Geocode Addresses: Add geocoded information such as geographic coordinates to the dataset
- Clear Address Geocode: Remove geocoded information from the dataset
- Reverse Geocode: Add address information from a set of geographic coordinates to the dataset
- Create Lat/Lon Index: Create latitude/longitude index
- Drop Lat/Lon Index: Remove latitude/longitude index
- Create H3 Index: Prepare an H3 aggregation dataset
- Join to Spatial Dataset: Prepare a non-spatial dataset for map visualization by joining to a spatial dataset
Delete: Delete the dataset

3.4.1 Creating a Dataset

The following steps enable you to add a new dataset.

Navigate to the Datasets page.
Click Create Dataset.
The Create Dataset window opens:

Figure 3-5 Creating a Dataset

Description of "Figure 3-5 Creating a Dataset"
Click on one of the data source options and perform the steps appropriate to your selection as shown in the following:
From file upload:
1. Upload one of the supported file types.
2. Click Create.
From table/view:
1. Select a connection from the Select Connection drop-down.
2. Click Create.
  The Select items to create datasets window opens listing all the tables, views and GeoRaster data present in the database.
  
  Figure 3-6 Select the Data Source
  
  Description of "Figure 3-6 Select the Data Source"
3. Select an item from the list and click OK.
From 3D Tiles
1. Select a Tileset location.
  You can choose one of the following options:
  - Tileset located on server: Enter Name and Directory to load a tileset from a server.
  - Upload tileset: Upload a new tileset zip file. The supported formats are:
    
    .b3dm: Batched
    
    .pnts: Point Cloud
  - Click Create.
The new dataset is added and listed on the Datasets page.

3.4.2 Datasets with Issues

All datasets must meet certain data requirements in order to be used for analysis. Otherwise, Spatial Studio highlights these datasets with a warning on the Datasets page.

You may click on the warning icon to view the issues. You can then click on the resolution link under the issue to prepare the dataset as required for analysis, as shown:

Figure 3-7 Warnings on a Dataset

Description of "Figure 3-7 Warnings on a Dataset"

The following table lists a few common issues that are highlighted on a dataset.

Table 3-1 Selected List of Dataset Issues

Issue	Cause	Spatial Studio Resolution
No key column was found	Primary key is missing on the dataset.	Click Go to Dataset Columns to create a dataset key.
This dataset needs spatial metadata and index	The geometry column in the dataset does not have the spatial metadata or a spatial index or both.	Click Create Spatial Metadata and Index to create the spatial metadata and index for the geometry column.
Preparation Required for mapping and spatial analysis	It can be due to one of the following reasons: The dataset contains address information but the geographic coordinates are missing. Latitude and Longitude index are missing for latitude/longitude data in the dataset.	Depending on the cause, you may need to perform one of the following: Click Geocode Addresses Click Create Latitude/Longitude Index

3.4.2.1 Enabling Spatial on a View-Based Dataset

Spatial Studio allows you to create spatial index on a dataset created from a view containing latitude and longitude columns, thereby enabling you to visualize and analyse views.

The following steps enable you to create latitude/longitude index on a view-based dataset.

The instructions assume:

You have created a dataset from a view having latitude and longitude columns.
See Creating a Dataset for more information on creating a dataset from a view.
This view-based dataset is listed on the Datasets page with a warning icon since the dataset is not spatially enabled for visualization.

Navigate to the Datasets page.
Click on the warning icon to view the issues on the view-based dataset.
Click Create Latitude/Longitude Index.
The Latitude and Longitude Columns window opens as shown:

Figure 3-8 Creating a Latitude/Longitude Index on a View-Based Dataset

Description of "Figure 3-8 Creating a Latitude/Longitude Index on a View-Based Dataset"
Select the Latitude Column.
Select the Longitude Column.
Select the Reuse lat/lon index on the base table checkbox.
As displayed in the preceding figure, ensure that the base table on which the view is created has a spatial index on the latitude and longitude columns.
Click OK.
A background task of type Create lon-lat index gets executed. A successful completion of this task on the Jobs page indicates that the dataset is spatially enabled for visualization.
You can now use this view-based dataset for visualization on the Active Project page.

3.4.3 Reverse Geocoding a Dataset

Reverse geocoding is the process of deriving the address information from a set of latitude and longitude coordinates.

You can reverse geocode a dataset in Spatial Studio to add address information to the dataset's table using the following steps.

Note:

Reverse Geocoding is supported only in point or latitude and longitude datasets.

The instructions assume that a dataset containing the coordinates details is already existing in your database schema.

Navigate to the Datasets page.
Right-click on the dataset name on which you want to apply reverse geocoding.
Select Reverse Geocode from the Prepare context menu.
Optionally select and modify the required Location attributes as shown in Figure 3-9.
The Input text fields for Location attributes are the column names to be created in the underlying database table for the target dataset.
Click Apply.
You can monitor the Reverse geocode dataset background task on the Jobs page. A successful completion of the job indicates that reverse geocoding is applied for the data in the dataset.

By viewing the dataset properties, you can verify that reverse geocoding has been applied to your dataset as shown in the following figure:

Figure 3-9 Reverse Geocoding

Description of "Figure 3-9 Reverse Geocoding"

3.4.4 Preparing a Non-Spatial Dataset for Analysis

Spatial Studio allows you to prepare a non-spatial dataset for mapping and analysis by joining to a spatial dataset.

Also, note the following highlights about joining two datasets:

You can only join a non-spatial dataset to a spatial dataset and not conversely.
It is essential that the non-spatial data in one dataset is linked to the spatial data in the other dataset through a common primary key column.
You can choose the columns for the newly created joined dataset from the attributes of the datasets associated in the join operation.

The instructions assume that a spatial dataset and a non-spatial dataset having a common primary key data is already existing in your database schema.

Navigate to the Datasets page.
Right-click on the non-spatial dataset which you want to join to a spatial dataset.
Select Join to Spatial Dataset from the Prepare context menu.
The following window opens:

Figure 3-10 Joining to a Spatial Dataset

Description of "Figure 3-10 Joining to a Spatial Dataset"
Optionally, enter a dataset name for Name of join result dataset.
Select the Spatial dataset for the join.
On selection, the primary key associated with the spatial dataset is validated against the non-spatial dataset key. If the datasets key values are not suitable for a join operation, then the following error is displayed:
```
Dataset key columns to join must be the same data type
```
Optionally, select the required columns for the joined result dataset from the non-spatial and spatial datasets.
Click OK.

The joined dataset is created and it appears as a row on the Datasets Page. This dataset will contain all the column properties selected from both the spatial and non-spatial datasets. You can verify the properties of the joined dataset both in the Dataset Properties window on the Datasets page and when using the dataset for map visualization and analysis on the Active Projects page, as shown:

Figure 3-11 Appended Non-spatial and Spatial Properties

Description of "Figure 3-11 Appended Non-spatial and Spatial Properties"

3.5 Spatial Studio Connections Page

The Connections page displays all the existing connections and also allows you to create a new connection.

The following figure shows a layout of the Connections page:

Figure 3-12 Connections Page

Description of "Figure 3-12 Connections Page"

You can perform the following actions on the Connections page:

You can create a new connection, by clicking Create Connection.
You can create a connection from the following sources:
- Oracle Database: by providing host, port, schema, and other database authentication details
- Oracle Autonomous Database: by providing wallet details
You can also perform the following actions by clicking the hamburger icon against any displayed connection or by right-clicking a connection row :
- Properties: View or modify properties of the connection
- Edit: Update the connection details
  
  Note:
  You cannot edit the SPATIAL_STUDIO connection on the Connections page. Instead, refer to If the Spatial Studio Repository Schema Password Has Been Changed section.
- Test: Validate the connection
- Delete: Delete the connection along with all its datasets
  
  Note:
  You cannot delete the SPATIAL_STUDIO connection.

3.6 Spatial Studio Administration Page

You can monitor the status and activity of Spatial Studio in the Administration Page. You can also view server logs, change global system configurations, manage custom basemaps, and configure safe domains.

The Administration menu link directs you to the Administration page.

Note:

You must be logged in as an administrator of Spatial Studio to access this menu option.

The layout the Administration page is as shown:

Figure 3-13 Administration Page

Description of "Figure 3-13 Administration Page"

The Studio console page comprises of the following sections:

Settings

General: This section allows changing the GeoCoding service URL, the web proxy used by the Studio server. It also allows you to customize the frontend branding area of the application.
Safe Domains: This section allows the administrator to manage the white listing of the domains (host names or IP addresses) that are considered safe for loading various types of the resources from the Studio application. Typically, it is used to add the domain of a custom basemap to the Content Security Policy directives of the Studio. After making the changes to the safe domains list, you must reload or refresh the browser page to reload the new Content Security Policy.
Basemaps: This section allows a quick view of the existing custom basemaps, and in adding new custom basemaps. Custom basemaps can be made of either raster or vector tiles, typically hosted on a third party tile server. Additionally, you can also create a custom basemap using a WMS OGC web service.
Cesium Basemaps: This section gives you a quick view of the existing custom basemaps used exclusively for the 3D Cesium Map visualization. It also allows you to add new basemaps to be used by the 3D Map visualizations.

Note:

Each listed host entry for Basemaps and Cesium Basemaps must be present as one of the entries in the Safe Domains list. If the host basemap comes from a domain that is not present in the Safe Domains list, then the basemap may not render correctly when visualizing the map.

Maintenance

Rebuild WKText Index: Use this only when needed to rebuild the text index of the repository database schema’s supported Spatial Reference Well Known text definitions. For the shapefile upload, this well known text index is used to automatically match the best SRID.
Refresh Metadata Cache: Spatial Studio typically caches all of the frequently used metadata such as the definitions of Datasets, Connections, and Projects. Sometimes it is required to refresh the whole cache in case some cached metadata becomes stale or out of sync in rare events.

Monitoring

System Status: This section provides read-only information about the general health and system status of the Spatial Studio server.
Service Logs: This section allows loading and viewing a desired number of server-side logs. To reduce the clutter, you can filter the result using the desired logging level .

In a cluster deployment, both the preceding options display only the information of the particular Spatial Studio instance to which the current session is connected.

3.6.1 Adding a Custom Basemap

The following steps enable you to add a custom basemap.

Navigate to the Administration page.
Click Basemaps under Settings.
The Basemaps window listing all the available basemaps opens.
Click Add Basemap and click on one of the following basemap types:
- XYZ Raster tiles
- OGC WMS
- Vector tiles
Enter Name and URL for the selected basemap type.
Optionally enter Attribution and API Key.

Tip:
Once you have entered all the required fields, you can preview the basemap by clicking Quick View.
Click Add to add the base map.
For example, the following figure show the OGC WMS basemap configuration window:

Figure 3-14 Adding a OGC WMS Map

Description of "Figure 3-14 Adding a OGC WMS Map"

Note:
It is important to add the domain name to Safe Domains in order to enable the Spatial Studio application to access the required service for the basemap.

3.7 Spatial Studio Jobs Page

The Jobs page displays details of all the background jobs that run in Spatial Studio.

The following figure shows a layout of the Jobs page:

Figure 3-15 Jobs Page

Description of "Figure 3-15 Jobs Page"

You can perform the following actions on the Jobs page:

Select a job to be displayed in the grid: Active, Past or All.
Select a refresh interval for the jobs grid.

The grid table displays the following properties for each job entry row:

Type: The job type, such as Geocode dataset, Create lon-lat index and so on.
Object: The entity being altered by the job, which can be a Dataset, Table, Index or other.
Created by: The user that submitted the job.

Note:
System maintenance jobs are created by “$system” account
Status: Indicates the state or progress of a job, which can be:
- PENDING
- RUNNING
- DONE
- FAILED
- ABORTED
Start Time: The scheduled next run time for jobs with PENDING status, or the actual job start time for the other status.
End Time: The time at which a job completed.
Details: Provides extra feedback on which step a RUNNING job is currently executing, or error details for FAILED or ABORTED jobs.

3.8 Visualization in Oracle Spatial Studio

You can visualize your spatial data in Oracle Spatial Studio using different modes of visualization.

Spatial Studio supports the following visualization methods:

Table
Map
Cesium Map

You can save your visualization as a Project in Spatial Studio. You can rework on a project or publish a project to share the results with other users.

The following sections explain in detail how you can use the various visualization techniques:

3.8.1 Using a Table Visualization

Spatial Studio allows you to visualize your data from the dataset in tables.

To display your data in a tabular view, you must perform the following steps.

The instructions assume that the dataset for visualization is already added to the project.

Select the project by clicking the desired project card from the Projects listed on the Project page.
This opens the project on the Active Project page.
Click , the Visualization icon on the left pane in the Active Project page.
This lists the various visualization options.
Click and drag Table from the list to the visualization window on the right to create a table visualization.
This opens an empty layer in the visualization window.
Click , the Data Elements icon on the left pane in the Active Project page.
This lists all the datasets that are loaded for the project.
Click and drag the desired dataset from the list to the empty layer on the right.

Note:
You can view only one dataset in a table view. If you want to view multiple datasets, you must create one table view for each dataset.

This opens the data in tabular format for visualization as shown:

Figure 3-16 Tabular Visualization

Description of "Figure 3-16 Tabular Visualization"

You can delete the table visualization by clicking the X icon on the top-right.

3.8.2 Using a Map Visualization

Spatial Studio supports the following types of map visualizations:

Geometry Data Visualization:
- Point type
- Line type
- Polygon / Area type
GeoRaster Data Visualization
Hexagonal Data Visualization using H3 Aggregations

The following sections describe how to get started on these visualizations:

3.8.2.1 Visualizing a Point Map

Spatial Studio allows you to visualize the location of geographic data as points on maps.

To display your geographic data as maps, you must perform the following steps.

The instructions assume that the dataset for visualization is already added to the project.

Select the project by clicking the desired project card from the Projects listed on the Project page.
This opens the project on the Active Project page.
Click , the Visualization icon on the left pane in the Active Project page.
This lists the various visualization options.
Click and drag Map from the list to the visualization window on the right to create a map visualization.
A default base map is displayed with no data visualization points.
Click , the Data Elements icon on the left pane in the Active Project page.
This lists all the datasets that are loaded for the project.
Click and drag the desired dataset from the list to the map view on the right.

Tip:
You can drag and drop multiple datasets in a single action to your map view.

The map gets updated with the data points for visualization as shown:

Figure 3-17 Map Visualization

Description of "Figure 3-17 Map Visualization"

You can render your map using different rendering styles. See Applying a Render Style For a Point Layer for more information.

You can delete the map visualization by clicking the X icon on the top right.

3.8.2.2 GeoRaster Data Visualization

Oracle Spatial Studio allows you to visualize GeoRaster data stored in spatial GeoRaster type in Oracle Database.

Geo-referenced raster data, including satellite imagery, aerial photos from drones, and gridded data, is very useful for mapping applications. It can be directly analyzed, or layered with vector data as a background map for additional context. See Spatial GeoRaster Developer's Guide for more information on GeoRaster data.

The following sections describe how you can create and visualize GeoRaster data in Spatial Studio.

3.8.2.2.1 Creating a GeoRaster Dataset

You can create a GeoRaster dataset using the following steps.

The instructions assume that the GeoRaster data is already existing in your database schema.

Navigate to the Datasets page and click Create Dataset.
Select the required GeoRaster table as shown in the following figure and click OK:

Figure 3-18 Creating a GeoRaster DataSet

Description of "Figure 3-18 Creating a GeoRaster DataSet "

The Geo-raster Configuration dialog opens.
Choose a Selection Mode.
The values for the selection mode are:
- Single Raster
- Virtual Mosaic
Select the GeoRaster column for visualization if you have chosen the Single Raster mode. Otherwise, you can skip this step.

Note:
If you have chosen the Virtual Mosaic mode, all the Georaster columns are included in the visualization.
Click OK.
The GeoRaster dataset is configured and the newly created GeoRaster dataset is displayed as a row in the Datasets page.

3.8.2.2.2 Visualizing GeoRaster Data on a Map

You can visualize georaster data on a map using the following steps.

The instructions assume that the GeoRaster dataset is already existing in Spatial Studio. To create a GeoRaster dataset, see Creating a GeoRaster Dataset for more information.

Select the project by clicking the desired project card from the Projects listed on the Project page.
This opens the project on the Active Project page.
Click , the Visualization icon on the left pane in the Active Project page.
This lists the various visualization options.
Click and drag Map from the list to the visualization window on the right to create a map visualization.
A default base map is displayed with no data visualization points.
Click , the Data Elements icon on the left pane in the Active Project page.
This lists all the datasets that are loaded for the project.
Click and drag the desired GeoRaster dataset from the list to the map view on the right.
A GeoRaster layer is created on the map as shown:

Figure 3-19 GeoRaster Data Visualization

Description of "Figure 3-19 GeoRaster Data Visualization"

You can delete the map visualization by clicking the X icon on the top right.

Tip:
You can enhance your visual display by modifying your Layer Settings using the Style tab and Raster tab. See Applying Style for a GeoRaster Layer for more information.

3.8.2.3 Hexagonal Data Visualization Using H3 Aggregations

Oracle Spatial Studio allows you to visualize point-type map data using hexagons with H3 (Hexagonal Hierarchical Spatial Index) aggregations.

Visualizing your map data as hexagons has several advantages:

It helps you to identify patterns or clusters in a larger point dataset
Easier interpretation of data, as in a hexagonal cell, all the points are equidistant from the hexagon center-point
Hexagonal cells are color coded based on the number of datapoints they hold, which enables you to easily understand data patterns

The following sections describe how you can use H3 aggregations in Spatial Studio:

3.8.2.3.1 Preparing an H3 Aggregation Dataset

You can prepare an H3 aggregation dataset by performing the following steps.

The instructions assume that a dataset containing geometric data columns is already loaded to Spatial Studio.

Navigate to the Datasets page.
All the datasets loaded to Spatial Studio are shown listed on this page.
Select the required dataset name and right-click to open the context menu.
Click Create H3 Index on the Prepare submenu.
The Creating H3 Index dialog opens as shown:

Figure 3-20 Creating an H3 Aggregation Dataset

Description of "Figure 3-20 Creating an H3 Aggregation Dataset"
Select the Geometry Column for H3 aggregations.
Click a Summarize using option.
The values for summarizing are:
- Count: buckets the number of datapoints in each hexagon
- Sum: adds up the values for a specific column in the data set, for all the points that fall in a specific hexagon
Select the Column to sum, if you have chosen Sum to summarize your dataset. Otherwise, you can skip this step.
Optionally, modify the H3 Index Name.
Click OK.
An H3 aggregation dataset is created and added as a new row in the Datasets page.

3.8.2.3.2 Visualizing Data With H3 Aggregations

To visualize your map data with H3 aggregations, you must perform the following steps.

The instructions assume that an H3 aggregation dataset is already existing in Spatial Studio.

To prepare a dataset for H3 aggregation, see Preparing an H3 Aggregation Dataset for more information.

Select the project by clicking the desired project card from the Projects listed on the Project page.
This opens the project on the Active Project page.
Click , the Visualization icon on the left pane in the Active Project page.
This lists the various visualization options.
Click and drag Map from the list to the visualization window on the right to create a map visualization.
A default base map is displayed with no data visualization points.
Click , the Data Elements icon on the left pane in the Active Project page.
This lists all the datasets that are loaded for the project.
Click and drag the desired H3 Aggregation dataset from the list to the map view on the right.
A layer showing the hexagonal binning of the data points is displayed on the map as shown:

Figure 3-21 Map Data Visualization Using Hexagonal Binning

Description of "Figure 3-21 Map Data Visualization Using Hexagonal Binning"

See Applying Data-Driven Style to a Map with H3 Aggregations for more information on applying styling for a H3 map layer.

3.8.2.4 Visualization Support for Custom Map Regions

Oracle Spatial Studio allows you to create custom map regions on map layers that support polygon type geometry.

You can create a new map region by selecting multiple polygon shapes and combining them with a new key-value. You can then append or insert this new map region with the new key-value into a target dataset containing all of your other custom map regions.

These newly created custom shapes are persisted on the underlying database table of the target dataset, and therefore can be used for data visualization or reporting just like any other dataset.

The following are the main characteristics for this feature support:

The source dataset, that is the dataset whose polygon shapes you will be selecting and then combining into a custom map region, must always be based on an Oracle Database table.
Datasets from Oracle views and Studio's Analyses are not currently supported.
The new regions may or may not be contiguous.
The target dataset, that is the dataset on which you want to store the newly created custom map regions, will store them in its geo-reference system.
Only the key value and new geometry value are inserted into the target table.
The target dataset must meet the following requirements:
- The geometry metadata information for the target dataset must be available in the SDO_GEOM_METADATA view.
- A spatial index must exist on the geometry column.
  
  Note:
  If a spatial index is not created on the geometry column, then the target data layer cannot be dragged on to the map visualization canvas. See Creating a Target Dataset for more information.

3.8.2.4.1 Creating Custom Regions for Visualization

You can create custom polygon regions on the source dataset that contains polygon type geometries and apply them on a target dataset using the follow steps:

The instructions assume that the source and target datasets are already added to your Project in the ActiveProject page.

Click , the Visualization icon on the left pane in the Active Project page.
This lists the various visualization options.
Click and drag Map from the list to the visualization window on the right to create a map visualization.
A default base map is displayed with no data visualization points.
Click , the Data Elements icon on the left pane in the Active Project page.
This lists all the datasets that are loaded for the project.
Click and drag the desired source dataset from the list to the map view on the right.
A map layer with polygon shapes is created.
Create the required custom regions by performing the following steps as many times as required:
1. Select the regions for aggregation using the polygon selection tool in the map tool bar, which is shown highlighted in the following figure:
  
  Figure 3-22 Creating Custom Map Shapes
  
  Description of "Figure 3-22 Creating Custom Map Shapes"
  
  Tip:
  Alternatively, you can also select multiple polygons by using the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + Click on a Windows system.
2. Click on the map tool bar to launch the Create custom region by combining shapes dialog window.
  
  Figure 3-23 Create a Custom Region
  
  Description of "Figure 3-23 Create a Custom Region"
3. Select the following mandatory options and optionally switch on or off the Include only selected items toggle button:
  - Combine items in: source dataset
  - Append result to dataset: target dataset
  - Key value of combined shape: unique number
  Caution:
  The whole source dataset may be aggregated into one region if Include only selected items is switched off. In this case the process may run for a long time depending on the number of features in the source dataset. Therefore, use this option only if required.
4. Click OK to create the custom map region.
  Repeat steps a to d until you create the number of required custom regions.
Drag and drop the target dataset to the map view on the right to view the newly created custom regions.
The following figure shows two custom defined regions that are inserted into a target dataset.

Figure 3-24 Displaying the Custom Created shapes on the Target Dataset

Description of "Figure 3-24 Displaying the Custom Created shapes on the Target Dataset"

3.8.2.4.2 Creating a Target Dataset

You can create a target dataset by performing the following steps:

Connect to an Oracle database schema using SQL Developer or any other tools.

Create a spatial table as shown:

CREATE TABLE affected_regions (region_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY, geom SDO_GEOMETRY);

Insert the spatial table into USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA view. For example:

INSERT INTO USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA VALUES (
'affected_regions', -- TABLE_NAME
'geom', -- COLUMN_NAME
SDO_DIM_ARRAY -- DIMINFO attribute for storing dimension bounds, 0.5 m as tolerance
(SDO_DIM_ELEMENT ('LONGITUDE', -180, 180, 0.5 ),
 SDO_DIM_ELEMENT ( 'LATITUDE', -90, 90, 0.5 )), 
4326 -- SRID value for specifying a geodetic coordinate system
);
COMMIT;

Create a spatial index on the SDO_GEOMETRY column.

CREATE INDEX affected_regions_sidx ON affected_regions(geom) INDEXTYPE IS MDSYS.SPATIAL_INDEX_V2;

Create a dataset in Spatial Studio from the database schema used in the preceding steps.
The required target dataset is created. You may use this data layer on to which you can apply the newly created custom map regions.

3.8.3 Using a Cesium Map Visualization

Spatial Studio uses a CesiumJS plugin to enable you to view 3D visualizations using 3D Tiles on a Cesium Map.

Cesium map allows you to display your real-world geospatial 3D data in a 3D environment. In order to build interactive 3D visualizations using Cesium maps, you must upload your 3D tileset to Spatial Studio. The following formats are supported:

Point Cloud (.pnts)
Batched 3D Model (.b3dm)

It is important to note the following when using a Cesium map visualization:

Generating 3D Tiles for your geospatial 3D data must be carried out using any third party software outside of Oracle Spatial Studio.
3D Tiles are stored in the file system on Spatial Studio's server, not in Oracle Database.
Currently, this feature supports only displaying 3D Tiles on maps. It does not support 3D analysis.

3.8.3.1 Uploading a 3D Tileset

You can upload your 3D tileset to Spatial Studio using the following steps.

The instructions assume that you have a pre-generated 3D tileset containing a root tileset.json file.

Navigate to the Datasets page and click Create Dataset.
Select Import 3D Tileset.
This opens the Import 3D Tileset tab as shown:

Figure 3-25 Import a 3D Tileset

Description of "Figure 3-25 Import a 3D Tileset"

As seen in the preceding figure, there are two options to import a 3D tileset:
- Set root tileset.json directory in the server: Select this option, if your 3D tileset is already existing in the Spatial Studio server.
- Upload a zip file containing the tileset: Select this option to upload a new 3D tileset from your system.
Follow the instructions appropriate for your preferred option:
1. Set root tileset.json directory in the server:
  Figure 3-26 Set Root Tileset.json directory
  
  Description of "Figure 3-26 Set Root Tileset.json directory"
  1. Enter Name and specify the Directory path.
  2. Click OK.
2. Upload a zip file containing the tileset:
  1. Locate and select the zip file containing the 3D Tileset for uploading.
    You must increase the default size limit for zip files larger than 50 MB. You can do this by updating the dataset_max_size attribute for the upload property defined in <user_home_folder>/.sgtech/sgtech_config.json file.
    
    The unzipped file limits can be updated in the General tab in the Administration page. The following two advanced settings parameters need to be modified:
    - Maximum unzipped item
    - Maximum unzipped total
The dataset with 3D tileset is created.

3.8.3.2 Visualizing a 3D Tileset Using a Cesium Map

You can visualize your dataset with 3D Tiles on a Cesium map using the following steps.

The instructions assume that the 3D Tiles are uploaded and the dataset is already existing in Spatial Studio. To create a dataset with 3D Tiles, see Uploading a 3D Tileset for more information.

Select the project by clicking the desired project card from the Projects listed on the Project page.
This opens the project on the Active Project page.
Click , the Visualization icon on the left pane in the Active Project page.
This lists the various visualization options.
Click and drag Cesium Map from the list to the visualization canvas on the right to create a Cesium map visualization.
A default Cesium map is displayed.
Tip:
You can configure new background Cesium maps by adding maps from the following two sources:
- URL template
- WMTS service
Click , the Data Elements icon on the left pane in the Active Project page.
This lists all the datasets that are loaded for the project.
Click and drag the desired 3D Tiles dataset from the list to the map view on the right.
A 3D layer is created on the map as shown:

Figure 3-27 3D Cesium Map Visulaization

Description of "Figure 3-27 3D Cesium Map Visulaization"
To interact with the map, click the ? icon and use either of the following options shown:
Description of the illustration pointer_options.png

3.8.4 Styling a Map Layer

Spatial Studio allows you to explore different styling options for your map layers, in order to enhance visualization and analysis.

The styling options provided to you may vary depending on the type of data you are mapping.

The following sections describe a few styling techniques for the different data types:

3.8.4.1 Applying a Render Style For a Point Layer

You can render a point map layer using one of the following render style options:

Circle (default)
Symbol
Heatmap
Cluster

The following steps enable you to apply your preferred render style option.

The instructions assume that you have point map layer displayed on your Active Project page.

Click against the dataset in the Data tab of the Layers list.
Select Settings in the context menu.
Choose an option from the Render Style drop-down list.
By default, a point map layer always uses Circle to represent the data points.

Note:
Each render style has its own settings.
- If you select Cluster as the render style option, the data points on your map are shown clustered depending on the cluster circle size.
  
  Figure 3-28 Applying a Cluster Style
  
  Description of "Figure 3-28 Applying a Cluster Style"
  
  Optionally, you can change the color and the style of the text labels representing the number of points in each cluster.
- If you select HeatMap as the render style option, the data points on your map are rendered with continuous colors based on the concentration of points as shown:
  
  Note:
  Hot colors represent concentration of points, and cool colors represent sparsity of points.
  
  Tip:
  It is recommended that you reduce the default value of the Radius parameter to observe a more localized view of point concentrations.
  
  Figure 3-29 Applying a HeatMap Style
  
  Description of "Figure 3-29 Applying a HeatMap Style"
- If you select Symbol as the render style option, the data points on your map are rendered with your chosen symbol as shown:
  
  Tip:
  You can optionally select a color for your symbol.
  
  Figure 3-30 Applying a Symbol Style
  
  Description of "Figure 3-30 Applying a Symbol Style"
The map layer gets rendered with the appropriate style.

3.8.4.2 Applying Style for a GeoRaster Layer

You can style a GeoRaster map layer using the following steps.

The instructions assume that you have a GeoRaster map layer displayed on your Active Project page.

Click against the dataset in the Data tab of the Layers list.
Select Settings in the context menu.
The Layer Settings panel opens.
Optionally, modify any of the following options in the Style tab:
- Opacity
- Maximum Brightness
- Minimum Brightness
- Saturation
- Contrast
- Hue Rotate
- Fade Duration
Optionally, modify any of the following rendering options in the Raster tab:
- Bands: Spatial Studio, by default supports the following bands:
  - Red
  - Blue
  - Green
  - Alpha
  For GeoRaster images that have more than three layers, you can choose which three layers you want to visualize.
- Reprojection: represents the interpolation method to be used when transforming an image from one SRS (Spatial Reference System) to another.
- Image Processing: represents the subprogram to be used to enhance the visual quality of the images.
- Rendering Hints: represents the image interpolation value that determines how each image cell's value on a view port is interpolated using the original image pixels. For example:
  - NEAREST NEIGHBOR: This option has no interpolation by taking the nearest image pixel's value directly.
  - BI-LINEAR: This option will consider 4 neighboring pixels to determine the image cell's value on a view port.
  Additionally, you can also switch on or off the Transparent NODATA toggle, which determines if the image cells are to be transparent or not. If the switch is on, then the layers underneath will be visible for areas that have NODATA in the image.
The GeoRaster map layer is rendered with the updated settings.

3.8.4.3 Applying Data-Driven Style to a Map with H3 Aggregations

You can apply different resolutions to your H3 map layer to enhance your visualization.

In case of an H3 aggregation dataset, the hexagonal cells and the distribution of points in these hexagons automatically change at each resolution level, as you zoom in and out of the map. This implies that the color bins for one level might not be the same as for another level.

Spatial Studio provides an option to automatically calculate color bins as you alter your resolutions. You can also turn this option off if you want to test against a set of specific thresholds.

The following steps enable you to apply a data-driven styling option for your H3 map layer.

The instructions assume that you have a H3 map layer displayed on your Active Project page.

Click against the dataset in the Data tab of the Layers list.
Select Settings in the context menu.
Select Based on Data for the Color value in the Style tab.
The Style details panel is displayed.
Select the Column to contol styling.
Switch on or off the Automatically adjust bin values toggle button.
- If turned on, the bin values will automatically update as you zoom in or out on the map.
- If turned off, Create value bins option appears.
Assign colors to the bins based on data values and then click the Back link to return to the Layers List.
The following figure shows the Style details panel options:

Figure 3-31 Applying Data-Driven Color Styling for H3 Map Layer

Description of "Figure 3-31 Applying Data-Driven Color Styling for H3 Map Layer"

The color bins on the H3 map layer gets rendered appropriately for different resolutions as shown in the preceding figure.

3.8.4.4 Applying Predefined Colors to a Map Layer

Using a column with predefined color codes or values, you can create accurate and consistent choropleth map layers.

You can store a color-coded value in a column of your dataset and then use this column property to color code your map.

The following steps enable you to color code your map layer.

The instructions assume that the map layer displayed on your Active Project page uses a dataset having a column property that contains color-coded values.

Click against the dataset in the Data tab of the Layers list.
Select Settings in the context menu.
Select Column with color codes for the Color value in the Style tab.
Select the Column that contains the color value.
The following figure shows the styling of the map layer using the color variable in the dataset:

Figure 3-32 Color Coding a Map Layer

Description of "Figure 3-32 Color Coding a Map Layer"

The color code gets applied to the map layer.

3.8.4.5 Setting Selection Tolerance on a Map Layer

Spatial Studio allows you to increase or decrease the selection tolerance on a map layer, so that selecting small and linear geometry features is easier.

The following steps enable you to adjust and set the selection tolerance on a map.

The instructions assume that a project is open on the Active Project page.

Click against the dataset in the Data tab of the Layers list.
Select Settings in the context menu and click the Interaction tab.
Switch on the Allow selection toggle button.
Adjust the Selection tolerance slider as required.
The following figure shows the Selection section for setting the tolerance:

Figure 3-33 Setting the Selection Tolerance

Description of "Figure 3-33 Setting the Selection Tolerance"

The custom selection tolerance gets applied to the map layer.

3.8.4.6 Adding a Pin on a Map

The following steps enable you to inspect the current mouse pointer's latitude and longitude coordinates and pin a location on the map layer.

The instructions assume that you have a project opened on your Active Project page and the map layer is displayed for visualization.

Right-click on any area on the map layer.
The coordinates for the location gets displayed as shown:

Figure 3-34 Pin a Location on the Map

Description of "Figure 3-34 Pin a Location on the Map"
Click Drop a pin to add a location marker.
The pin gets displayed on the map. Additionally, you can also copy the coordinates by clicking on the marker and then clicking the Longitude, Latitude: click to copy icon.

3.8.4.7 Applying Map Backgrounds

Spatial Studio provides ready-to-use map backgrounds to enhance your visualization.

You can select one of the following map backgrounds for your project visualization:

MapTiler Vector Basemaps
Oracle Raster Basemaps
Blank Basemaps
User-defined Basemaps

As an administrator, you can also register custom basemaps and use them in map visualizations. They may be raster or vector tiles that are typically hosted on third party servers, or they be created using a WMS OGC web service. See Spatial Studio Administration Page for more information on adding basemaps.

The following section describes how to apply a specific map background for your project:

3.8.4.7.1 Changing Map Backgrounds

The following steps enable you to apply different map backgrounds in your project visualization.

The instructions assume that you have a project opened on your Active Project page.

Click in the Background tab of the Layers list.
Select Settings in the context menu.
Click the Change the Background Map Style drop-down and select your required background map as shown.

Figure 3-35 Changing a Map Background

Description of "Figure 3-35 Changing a Map Background"

All custom basemaps appear under User-defined Basemaps in the drop-down list shown in the preceding figure.

The selected map background gets applied to your project visualization.

3.8.5 Visualizing Map Data Over Time

Spatial Studio allows you to perform dynamic map visualizations.

In order to visualize map data over time, your dataset must contain a date column or a time column or both. You can then use the time slider feature to interact with the map.

The following steps allow you to configure and use a time slider for your map visualization.

The instructions assume that you have a project linked to a dataset containing date or time data and the project is opened on your Active Project page.

Click the Settings icon in your map tool bar.
Switch on the Show time slider toggle button and click OK.
A time slider bar appears at the bottom of the map visualization canvas.
Click the Time slider settings icon on the time slider bar.

Figure 3-36 Time slider Settings

Description of "Figure 3-36 Time slider Settings"
Select the Date columns and the Time unit to be applied for visualization.
Optionally, switch on or off the Time range and Time labels always on toggle buttons.
Click OK.
You can now interact with your map using the time slider to view the change of your data over time.

Figure 3-37 Using a Time slider in Map Visualization

Description of "Figure 3-37 Using a Time slider in Map Visualization"