1. X8-2 Deployment and User’s Guide
  2. Managing Oracle Databases

9 Managing Oracle Databases

Manage the Oracle Databases on your Oracle Database Appliance.

About Administrative Groups and Users on Oracle Database Appliance

Oracle Database Appliance Browser User Interface deployment creates operating system groups and users whose members are granted system administration privileges on the appliance.

During configuration, two administrative accounts are created for Oracle Database Appliance: the user grid, with a user ID (UID) of 1001, and the user oracle, with a UID of 1000. The user grid is the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation owner. The user oracle is the Oracle Database installation owner, and the owner of all Oracle Database homes (Oracle homes). By default, these users are members of operating system groups whose members are granted privileges to start up and administer Oracle Database and Oracle Automatic Storage Management.

The following table describes the Oracle system privileges groups, and information about the operating system authentication groups:

Table 9-1 Operating System Groups and Users on Oracle Database Appliance

Oracle System Privileges Group Name Group ID (GID) grid is a member oracle is a member

Oracle Inventory group (OINSTALL)

oinstall

1001

yes (primary group)

yes (primary group)

OSOPER for dbaoper group

dbaoper

1002

yes

yes

OSDBA group

dba

1003

no

yes

OSASM group for Oracle ASM

asmadmin

1004

yes

no

OSOPER for ASM group

asmoper

1005

yes

no

OSDBA for ASM group

asmdba

1006

yes

yes

To change the Group Name and GID from the default values on Oracle Database Appliance bare metal platforms, change the default values from the Browser User Interface during the deployment. If you create an initial database during deployment, then the password for the SYS and SYSTEM users is the password that you set in the Browser User Interface.

To change the Group Name and GID from the default values on the Oracle Database Appliance Virtualized Platform, use the -advance parameter with the command oakcli deploy. If you create an initial database during deployment, then the password for the SYS and SYSTEM users is the ROOT password from the Configurator.

Note:

Change the password for both users as soon as possible after configuration to prevent unauthorized access to your database using these privileged accounts.

Parent topic: Managing Oracle Databases

About Data Migration Options for Oracle Database Appliance

Oracle Database Appliance supports the use of standard Oracle Database loading and migration tools.

If you are loading data or migrating data from an existing database to Oracle Database Appliance, then you can use the standard Oracle Database loading and migration tools. These tools include the following:

  • Oracle GoldenGate

  • SQL*Loader

  • Oracle Data Pump

  • transportable tablespaces

  • RMAN

You can also use the RMAN utility to back up and recover databases on Oracle Database Appliance.

Parent topic: Managing Oracle Databases

About Standard Edition High Availability for Oracle Database Appliance

Oracle Database Appliance supports Standard Edition High Availability solution with Oracle Grid Infrastructure that provides cluster-based failover for Oracle Database 19c Standard Edition.

About Standard Edition High Availability for Oracle Database 19c

With Standard Edition High Availability, when there is an instance or a node failure, the database automatically fails over to the other node, after attempting to restart on the local node. The database is restarted on the surviving node, thereby providing high availability for Oracle Standard Edition databases.

If your Oracle Database deployment contains Standard Edition 2 Oracle Real Application Cluster (Oracle RAC) databases of releases earlier than 19c, then they must be converted to a Standard Edition High Availability configuration as part of the upgrade to Oracle Database 19c.

For more details about this feature, refer to the Oracle Database Documentation Library at https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/index.html.

About Standard Edition High Availability for Oracle Database Appliance Release 19.9

Standard Edition High Availability for Oracle Database 19c is supported on Oracle Database Appliance for high availability deployments, that is, deployments that have two server nodes, shared storage, and server interconnects.

Oracle Database Appliance enables automatic configuration for failover at deployment time for Oracle Database 19c Standard Edition single-instance databases. Both nodes have Oracle Homes for Standard Edition single-instance databases.

Single-instance Oracle Database 19c Standard Edition databases created using the ODACLI commands or the Browser User Interface (BUI) have Standard Edition High Availability enabled by default. You can also choose to disable the High Availability option. To enable Standard Edition High Availability for existing Standard Edition Oracle RAC databases of releases earlier than 19c, you must convert these Oracle RAC databases to single-instance databases, and then upgrade to single-instance Oracle Database 19c Standard Edition database with Standard Edition High Availability enabled by default.

About Provisioning, Upgrading, and Relocating Standard Edition High Availability Oracle Database

To create a single-instance Oracle Database 19c with Standard Edition High Availability, use the following command:

odacli create-database -u db_unique_name -n db_name -dh db_home -y SI -g target_node

To upgrade a Standard Edition Oracle RAC Database to Oracle Database 19c Standard Edition, convert the Oracle RAC Database to a single-instance Oracle Database:

odacli modify-database -in db_name -y single-instance

Then, upgrade the single-instance database to Oracle Database 19c with Standard Edition High Availability as follows:

odacli upgrade-database -i db_id -to destination_dbhome -sh

To relocate a Standard Edition High Availability Oracle Database from one node to another outside of a failover, use the following command:

odacli modify-database -in db_name -g target_node | -th target_host

For detailed information about these ODACLI command options, see the Oracle Database Appliance Command Line Reference chapter in this guide.

Parent topic: Managing Oracle Databases

About Transparent Database Encryption (TDE) in Oracle Database Appliance

Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) enables you to encrypt sensitive data that you store in tables and tablespaces.

After the data is encrypted, this data is transparently decrypted for authorized users or applications when they access this data. TDE helps protect data stored on media (also called data at rest) in the event that the storage media or data file is stolen.

Oracle Database uses authentication, authorization, and auditing mechanisms to secure data in the database, but not in the operating system data files where data is stored. To protect these data files, Oracle Database provides Transparent Data Encryption (TDE).

TDE encrypts sensitive data stored in data files. To prevent unauthorized decryption, TDE stores the encryption keys in a security module external to the database, called a keystore.

Oracle Database Appliance provides the option to create TDE-enabled databases, backup, recover, and restore TDE-enabled databases, backup and restore TDE wallet, re-keying of TDE master encryption key, and changing the password of password-protected Keystore.

Note:

To enable Transparent Data Encryption (TDE), you must deploy Enterprise Edition Oracle Database 18c or later.

See Also:

Using Transparent Data Encryption in the Oracle Database Advanced Security Guide

Caution:

When you enable TDE, you are prompted to set a password for the TDE wallet. Provide a strong password for security compliance. Set the password carefully, and ensure that this password is available to you at all times for database management operations. Failure to provide the TDE wallet password when prompted, will cause an error in accessing encrypted data.

Parent topic: Managing Oracle Databases

Working with Databases

Use the Browser User Interface to display a list of databases, database details, and create and delete databases. You can use CLI commands to manage your databases.

Note:

Oracle Database Appliance enables unified auditing for databases created in new database homes. Unified audit trail captures audit information and places them in one location and in one format. This consolidated view enables auditors to co-relate audit information from different components. Having a single audit trail also improves management and security of the audit trail. For more information about unified audit trail for Oracle Database, see Oracle Database Security Guide.

Parent topic: Managing Oracle Databases

Viewing Databases

Use the Oracle Appliance Manager Browser User Interface to display a list of Oracle databases and database details, create, upgrade, and delete a database in Oracle Database Appliance.

On the Oracle Database Appliance Virtualized Platform, see the command oakcli list databases.
  1. Log into the Browser User Interface:
    https://host name or ip-address:7093/mgmt/index.html
  2. Click the Database tab.
  3. (Optional) Click the database name, in blue font, to display more details about the database.
  4. (Optional) Click Actions next to a database entry to view more details, upgrade or delete the database.

Parent topic: Working with Databases

Creating a Database Using the Browser User Interface

Use the Oracle Appliance Manager Browser User Interface to create a database in Oracle Database Appliance.

Ensure that the repository is updated with Oracle RDBMS Clone files for a database version, before creating the database as described in Updating Oracle Database Appliance Repository with Database Clone Files Using the CLI.

Note:

For Standard Edition Oracle Database 19c or later, you cannot create Oracle RAC Or Oracle RAC One Node Database. You can only create single-instance Oracle Database. For Standard Edition Oracle Database 19.6 or later, you can choose to enable high availability for single-instance database.

The Browser User Interface provides a quick and easy method of creating new databases. The Create New Database page in the Browser User Interface is populated with default options for most of the configuration options. Drop-down lists enable you to quickly view and select from a list of available options. You can use the drop-down list to create a new database Oracle Database Home (ORACLE_HOME) for the database or select an existing ORACLE_HOME that you created earlier.

Oracle Database 19.9 is supported on both Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) and Oracle ASM Cluster file system (Oracle ACFS). When databases are created in Oracle ACFS, each database is configured with its own Oracle ACFS file system for the datafiles and uses the following naming convention: /u02/app/db user/oradata/db unique name. The default size of this mount point is 100 GB.

The fields in the Browser User Interface adjust, depending on the database version you select.

Follow these steps to create a database:

  1. Log into the Browser User Interface:
    https://host-ip-address:7093/mgmt/index.html
  2. Click the Database tab.
  3. Click Create Database to display the Create Database page.
  4. Select Create Database on the Create Database page.
  5. Enter the following information on the Create Database page to configure the database:
    1. In the DB Name field, enter a name for the database. The name db1 appears in the field as an example of a database name, but the field is not populated. You must enter a name.
      The name must contain lowercase alphanumeric characters and cannot exceed 8 characters. The Oracle system identifier (SID) is always set to the database name.
    2. (Optional) In the DB Unique Name field, enter a name to define a unique name for the database.
    3. In the Use Existing DB Home field, select Yes or No.
    4. In the DB Version field, select a database bundle patch number from the drop-down list.
      Available database versions with available clones appear in the list in descending order. Supported versions that are not available in the repository appear in light gray font at the bottom of the list. Search is available for the list. To add a supported version to the repository, download the RDBMS clone file and update the repository.
    5. For the CDB option on Oracle Database releases later than 12.1, select Yes or No, depending on whether or not you want the database to be a container database (CDB). The default is Yes.
    6. In the PDB Name field, enter a name for the pluggable database (PDB).
      Alphanumeric characters and underscore (_) are valid. The name must begin with an alphanumeric character and cannot exceed 30 characters. The name pdb1 appears in the field in italic text as an example, but it is not populated. You must enter a name.
    7. In the PDB Admin User field, enter a name.
      The field shows pdbadmin as an example, you must enter a name. Alphanumeric characters and underscore (_) are valid.
    8. In the Database Edition field, enter the edition for which you have a license, either Enterprise Edition or Standard Edition.
      For Standard Edition Oracle Database 19c or later, you can only create single-instance Oracle Database. For Standard Edition Oracle Database 19.6 or later, you can choose to enable high availability for single-instance database.
    9. For single-instance Oracle Database deployment, specify the Node, either Node0 or Node1. The default is Node0. Specify whether you want to Enable High Availability.
    10. In the Shape field, select a database shape from the drop-down list. The shape determines the number of cores and total memory allocated to the database. The default is odb1.
    11. In the Database Class field, select a database class from the drop-down list. If an option is not available in the list, it is not supported for the database edition on the Oracle Database Appliance or the version that you selected. The default is OLTP.
    12. In the Storage field, select ACFS or ASM from the drop-down list. The default is Oracle ASM.
    13. If the disk group redundancy was set to Flex during the appliance creation, then you can select the Database Redundancy value as Mirror or High.
    14. Select the Networks you want to associate with the database.
    15. For the Configure EM Express or Configure EM Console option, select Yes or No. The default is No.
      Select Yes to configure the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Express (EM Express) console for Oracle Database 19.9. Selecting Yes enables you to use the console to manage the database.
    16. In the Password field, enter the password for the SYS, SYSTEM, and PDB Admin.
      The password must begin with an alpha character and cannot exceed 30 characters. Quotation marks are not allowed.
    17. In the Confirm Password field, enter the password again to confirm.
    18. In the Characterset field, select an option from the drop-down list. The default is AL32UTF8.
    19. In the National Characterset field, select an option from the drop-down list. The default is AL16UTF16.
    20. In the Language field, select a database language from the drop-down list. The default is American.
    21. In the Territory field, select a territory or location for the database from the drop-down list. The default is America.
    22. For Oracle Database Enterprise Edition 18c or later, you can choose to enable Transparent Database Encryption (TDE). Select Yes or No in the Enable TDE option. Specify and confirm the TDE Password. By default, the TDE option is disabled.
  6. Click Create. When prompted, click Yes to confirm that you want to start the job to create the database.
The job is submitted and a confirmation page appears with a link to the job. Click the link to view the job progress, tasks, and status.

After you close the Job confirmation page, you can click the Activity tab to monitor the job progress. Click the job number to view the tasks and status details. Click Refresh to refresh the page.

Parent topic: Working with Databases

Creating a Database Using ODACLI Commands

Create a database from the command-line interface.

Note:

If you provisioned the appliance without creating an initial database, then you must create a Oracle home. If the version of the database home is different from the migrated database, create a database home for the migrated database. You might want to create a database home specifically for the migrated database.

Caution:

When you create a database with Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) enabled, you are prompted to set a password for the TDE wallet. Provide a strong password for security compliance. Enter this password carefully when setting it for the first time, and ensure that this password is available to you at all times for database management operations. Failure to provide the TDE wallet password when prompted, will cause an error in accessing encrypted data.

This example creates a new database named PRODDB with database version 19.9, and a new database home, if a database home does not exist.

  1. Use the odacli list-dbhomes command to display a list of database homes and verify that a database home exists for the database version.
    Note the ID if you want to use an existing database home or if you want to get more details. Use the odacli describe-dbhomes command to get more details about a specific database home. 
    # odacli list-dbhomes
ID                                   Name               DB Version  
------------------------------------ -----------------  ----------  
b727bf80-c99e-4846-ac1f-28a81a725df6 OraDB199_home1  19.9.0.0.0 
    
(continued)
Home Location
-----------------------------------------
/u01/app/orauser/product/19.0.0.0/dbhome_1
  2. Create a database home if a database home does not exist for the database version.
    If you want to create a database home for specifically for the migrated database, you can use the odacli create-dbhome command, or you can create the database home when you create the database. The example creates a database home for database version 19.9.0.0.0. 
    # odacli  create-dbhome -v 19.9.0.0.0
  3. Create a database. You can use an existing database home ID or you can create a database home when creating the database.

    To create a database named PRODDB that uses an existing database home with ID b727bf80-c99e-4846-ac1f-28a81a725df6: 

    # odacli create-database -n PRODDB -io -dh b727bf80-c99e-4846-ac1f-28a81a725df6

    To create a database named PRODDB with database version 19.9.0.0.0 and a database home: 

    # odacli create-database -n PRODDB -v 19.9.0.0.0 -io

    To create a TDE-enabled database named PRODDB: 

    # odacli create-database -n PRODDB -t

Parent topic: Working with Databases

Cloning a Database from Backup

Use the Browser User Interface to clone a database from a backup.

When you backup a database in Oracle Database Appliance, a backup report is created. Save the backup report as a JSON file and you can use the file to create a database on the same appliance, or a different appliance.
The following are the prerequisites to cloning a database from a backup:

  1. The source database backup location must be Object Store or External FRA (Network File System).

  2. If you use Object Store backup location, then obtain Object Store Credentials for the host.

  3. If you use an External FRA (Network File System) backup location, then obtain the Network File System (NFS) mount point location.

  4. Create a backup policy using the object store credentials or NFS mount point as the backup destination.

  5. Attach the backup policy to the database that you want to backup. If the source database does not have TDE enabled, then providing the Backup Encryption password is mandatory when attaching Objectstore backup policy. However, the Backup Encryption password is optional when attaching the NFS backup policy. If the source database has TDE enabled, then you must specify the TDE password, and not the Backup Encryption password.

  6. Create a manual backup of the database and save the backup report generated when the backup completes.

Follow these steps to create a database from backup:
  1. Log into the Browser User Interface:
    https://host-ip-address:7093/mgmt/index.html
  2. Click the Database tab.
  3. Click Create Database to display the Create Database page.
  4. Click Clone Database from Backup, then click Next to display the Clone Database from Backup page.
  5. Select the Backup Destination from which you want to create the database. If your backup destination is ObjectStore:
    1. Select Backup Destination as ObjectStore.
    2. Select your Object Store Credential Name.
    3. Enter the password in the Backup Encryption Passwords field and the Confirm Backup Encryption Passwords field.
    If your backup destination is Network File System (NFS):
    1. Select Backup Destination as External FRA.
    2. Enter the password in the Backup Encryption Passwords field and the Confirm Backup Encryption Passwords field.
  6. Click Browse and select the backup report from which you want to create the database.
    When the backup report is loaded, additional fields appear on the page and are populated based on the backup report. You can edit some of the fields.
    For Standard Edition Oracle Database 19c or later, you cannot clone Oracle RAC or Oracle RAC One Node Database. You can only clone an single-instance Oracle Database. For Standard Edition Oracle Database 19.6 or later, you can choose to enable high-availability for single-instance database.
  7. In the DB Name field, enter a name for the database.
    The name must contain lowercase alphanumeric characters and cannot exceed 8 characters. The Oracle system identifier (SID) is always set to the database name.
  8. Enter the password in the SYS User Password field and the Confirm SYS User Password field.
  9. Specify the Networks.
  10. If your source database has Transparent Database Encryption (TDE) enabled, then you can enable TDE on the cloned database. If the source database has TDE enabled, then the backup report has the TDE wallet backup location and the TDE Wallet Backup Location field in the BUI displays this value. Specify and confirm the TDE Password.
  11. Click Create.
  12. Click Yes to confirm that you want to clone a database from the selected Object Store or External FRA.
    When you submit the job, the job ID and a link to the job appears. Click the link to display the job status and details.
  13. Validate that the job completed. You can track the job in the Activity tab in the Browser User Interface, or run the command odacli describe-job with the job ID.
    # odacli describe-job -i jobId

Parent topic: Working with Databases

Cloning an Oracle ACFS Database Using the Browser User Interface

Create a database from an existing Oracle ACFS database using the Browser User Interface.

Cloning enables to:

  • Create a database from another database without bringing down the source database

  • Create multiple databases from a gold image, thus ensuring standardized mass deployments

  • Optimize space utilization, by use of Oracle ACFS snapshots in cloning

  • Create different types of databases, from a single source database type. For example, you can create single-instance databases, Oracle RAC databases, or Oracle RAC One Node databases from any type of source database

  • Depending on the available memory and CPU cores, specify a supported database shape such as odb1s, odb2, and so on, to create any class of database from any source database.

Note:

Cloning a Transparent Database Encryption (TDE) enabled database is not supported.
Follow these steps to create a database from an existing Oracle ACFS database:
  1. Log into the Browser User Interface:
    https://host-ip-address:7093/mgmt/index.html
  2. Click the Database tab.
  3. Click Create Database to display the Create Database page.
  4. Click Clone a Database, then click Next to display the Clone Database page.
  5. Select the Source Database from which you want to create the database.
    For Oracle Database 19c Standard Edition, you can only create single-instance Oracle Database, with or without high-availability.
  6. Select the Database Shape (template) for your new database. The database shape you select determines the total memory allocated to the database.
  7. In the DB Name field, enter a name for the database.
    The name must contain lowercase alphanumeric characters and cannot exceed 8 characters. The Oracle system identifier (SID) is always set to the database name.
  8. Specify the DB Unique Name for the database. If the database unique name is not provided, then the name of the database is set to the database name.
  9. Specify the Networks.
  10. Enter the password in the SYS User Password field and the Confirm SYS User Password field.
  11. Click Create.
  12. Click Yes to confirm that you want to clone a database from the selected source database.
    When you submit the job, the job ID and a link to the job appears. Click the link to display the job status and details.
  13. Validate that the job completed. You can track the job in the Activity tab in the Browser User Interface, or run the command odacli describe-job with the job ID.
    # odacli describe-job -i jobId

Parent topic: Working with Databases

Cloning an Oracle ACFS Database Using Command Line Interface

Create a database from an existing Oracle ACFS database using CLI commands.

Cloning enables to:

  • Create a database from another database without bringing down the source database

  • Create multiple databases from a gold image, thus ensuring standardized mass deployments

  • Optimize space utilization, by use of Oracle ACFS snapshots in cloning

  • Create different types of databases, from a single source database type. For example, you can create single-instance databases, Oracle RAC databases, or Oracle RAC One Node databases from any type of source database

  • Depending on the available memory and CPU cores, specify a supported database shape such as odb1s, odb2, and so on, to create any class of database from any source database.

  • The ability to create clone databases on a standby system enables you to set up test or development environments based on your standby databases. Since standby systems are not production systems, they are a better choice for seeding test or development environments.
Following are the prerequisites to clone a database:

  • Ensure that Oracle Clusterware is running on all nodes, and the source database is up and running.

  • The source database must use Oracle ACFS storage.

  • The source database must not be a multitenant container databases (CDBs)

  • The source database must be in the OPEN state.

  • The source database must not be in backup mode.

  • The source database must be in archive mode.

  • The source database must not have Transparent Database Encryption (TDE) enabled.

Note:

For Standard Edition Oracle Database 19c or later, you cannot clone Oracle RAC or Oracle RAC One Node Database. You can only clone an single-instance Oracle Database. For Standard Edition Oracle Database 19.6 or later, you can choose to enable high-availability for single-instance database.

Follow this procedure to clone a database:

  1. Run the odacli clone-database command.
    odacli clone-database --databaseUniqueName --dbname --dbshape --dbtype |SI --json
--sourcedbname
    Specify the unique name of the database, the name for the new database, the database shape, the type of database, and the source database name. For information about all the command options, see the ODACLI Command Reference chapter.

Related Topics

Parent topic: Working with Databases

Modifying a Database

Use the Oracle Appliance Manager Browser User Interface or ODACLI commands to modify a database in Oracle Database Appliance.

Modifying a Database Using the Browser User Interface

  1. Log into the Browser User Interface:

    https://host-ip-address:7093/mgmt/index.html

  2. Click the Database tab.
  3. For the database that you want to modify, select Modify in the Actions drop down list.
  4. In the Modify Database page, you can attach or detach associated networks and backup policy, and modify database shape and class.
  5. To modify the Database Class or Database Shape, select the new value in the drop down list.
  6. To attach or detach networks, modify the values in the Attach Networks and Detach Networks fields.
  7. To remove the associated backup policy from the database, do not select any value in the Select Back up Policy drop down list.
  8. If you configured Oracle Flex disk group when you created the database, you can also modify the database redundancy. If the database you are modifying is an Oracle ACFS Database, then the database redundancy for all cloned Oracle ACFS databases is modified.
  9. You can choose to change the Backup Encryption Password. If the database has TDE enabled, then the RMAN Backup Encryption password is not used.
  10. Click Modify. When prompted, click Yes to confirm that you want to start the job to modify the database.

Modifying a Database Using ODACLI Commands

  1. Use the odacli modify-database command to modify the configuration of a database, such as backup configuration, database class, database type, TDE key.
    # odacli modify-database -s database_shape  -cl database_class -i dbid
    For example:
    # odacli modify-database -i 1941d594-c777-4eca-9fce-18b778d5c153 -s odb2 -cl DSS

    For example, the following command re-keys the TDE master encryption key of the database after accepting the current TDE Wallet password.

    # odacli modify-database -in testdb -rkt
Current password for TDE wallet:

    For more information about the odacli modify-database command options, see the Oracle Database Appliance Command Line Reference chapter in this guide.

Related Topics

Parent topic: Working with Databases

Moving a Database from One Oracle Home to Another

Use the Oracle Appliance Manager Browser User Interface or ODACLI commands to move a database from one Oracle home to another of the same database version.

Moving a Database Using the Browser User Interface

  1. Log into the Browser User Interface:

    https://host-ip-address:7093/mgmt/index.html

  2. Click the Database tab.
  3. For the database that you want to modify, select Move in the Actions drop down list.
  4. Select the Destination Database Home where you want to move the database. The destination database home must be of the same base version.
  5. Click Move. When prompted, click Yes to confirm that you want to start the job to move the database.

Moving a Database Using ODACLI Commands

  1. Use the odacli move-database command to move a database from one Oracle home to another home of the same database version.
    # odacli move-database -i database_ID -dh destination_database_home_ID

    For more information about the odacli move-database command options, see the Oracle Database Appliance Command Line Reference chapter in this guide.

Related Topics

Parent topic: Working with Databases

Upgrading a Database

Use the Oracle Appliance Manager Browser User Interface to upgrade an Oracle database to a different database home version.

Before upgrading to a different database home, you must upload the Oracle RDBMS clone files to the repository and create the database home.

Note:

You cannot upgrade Oracle RAC or Oracle RAC One Node Database to a destination database home of Standard Edition Oracle Database 19c or later. You must first convert Oracle RAC Or Oracle RAC One Node Database to single-instance Oracle Database using the odacli modify-database command and then upgrade the single-instance Oracle Database to a destination database home of Standard Edition 19c or later.
  1. Log into the Browser User Interface:
    https://host name or ip-address:7093/mgmt/index.html
  2. Click the Database tab.
  3. Click Actions next to the database that you want, then select Upgrade.
  4. Select the destination database home version from the list of available versions, then click Upgrade.
    When upgrading single-instance Standard Edition Oracle Database 18.9 or later to Standard Edition Oracle Database 19c or later, you can also choose to enable or disable High Availability.

Parent topic: Working with Databases

Deleting a Database

Use the Oracle Appliance Manager Browser User Interface to delete an Oracle database.

  1. Log into the Browser User Interface:
    https://host name or ip-address:7093/mgmt/index.html
  2. Click the Database tab.
  3. Click Actions next to the database that you want, then select Delete.
  4. Confirm the action.

Parent topic: Working with Databases

Working with Database Homes

Use the Browser User Interface to display a list of database homes, details, and create and delete database homes.

Parent topic: Managing Oracle Databases

About Managing Multiple Oracle Homes on Oracle Database Appliance

Create and manage one or more Oracle home directories and Oracle databases on Oracle Database Appliance.

Oracle home is the directory in which you install Oracle Database binaries, and from which Oracle Database runs. Oracle Database Appliance supports multiple Oracle homes, including support of different release Oracle Database homes. You can create multiple Oracle databases on a given Oracle home. Use Oracle Appliance Manager Browser User Interface to create and manage multiple Oracle homes and databases on Oracle Database Appliance. Oracle Database Appliance Manager automatically creates an Oracle Database Oracle home that is compliant with Oracle’s Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) standards.

Check the Oracle Database Appliance Release Notes to obtain information about the specific Oracle software releases supported for your Oracle Database Appliance platform.

When you use ODACLI commands to create multiple homes on Oracle Database Appliance, the commands start the Oracle Home cloning process. In Oracle Database Appliance deployments, the user oracle is the default software installation owner.

You can use the Browser User Interface or the command-line interface to create and manage databases.

Use ODACLI commands to create, list, describe, and delete databases on Oracle Database Appliance. The odacli create-database command enables you to create a database with minimal user input. When you run this command without any additional options, the command creates a new database home (ORACLE_HOME). You can create a database in an existing home by using the --dbhomeid option. To find the dbhomeid, use the odacli list-dbhomes command.

Alternatively, you can use the Browser User Interface to create list, describe and delete databases and database homes. You can display a list of all Database Homes that includes the database home name, ID, version, the date and time that the database home was created and the location on the same page. You can also create and delete database homes on the Browser User Interface.

Caution:

Do not apply Oracle Database patches directly to Oracle Databases on Oracle Database Appliance. Only use Oracle Database Appliance patch bundles, which are tested to work across the whole software stack. If a one-off database patch is required, it may be applied to the Oracle Home. When you apply the Oracle Database Appliance patch bundle, it may cause a conflict during future patching events and you might need to roll back and then re-apply the patch.

Parent topic: Working with Database Homes

Viewing Database Homes

Use the Browser User Interface to display a list of database homes and database home details, including databases associated with a DB home.

  1. Log in to the Browser User Interface:
    https://ip-address:7093/mgmt/index.html
  2. Click the Database tab.
  3. Click Database Home on the left menu to view all database homes. The name, ID, version, location and date and time stamp of when the database home was created appears on the page.
  4. (Optional) Click Actions next to a database home entry, then View Databases to see the databases that are associated with the database home.

Parent topic: Working with Database Homes

Creating a Database Home

Use the Browser User Interface to create database homes in Oracle Database Appliance.

Before you can create a database home, the Oracle Database Appliance RDBMS Clone file image must be in the repository. Follow these steps to create a database home:
  1. Log in to the Browser User Interface:
    https://ip-address:7093/mgmt/index.html
  2. Click the Database tab, then click Database Home.
  3. Click Create Database Home.
  4. Select a database version from the list of available versions, then select the database edition, either Enterprise Edition or Standard Edition, per your licensing agreement.
  5. Click Create. When prompted, click Yes to confirm that you want to start the job.

Parent topic: Working with Database Homes

Deleting a Database Home

Use the Browser User Interface to delete an Oracle database home.

You can delete a database home (DB Home) if it is not associated with any databases.
  1. Log into the Browser User Interface:
    https://host name or ip-address:7093/mgmt/index.html
  2. Click the Database tab.
  3. Click Database Home on the left menu to view all database homes. The name, ID, version, location and date and time stamp of when the database home was created appears on the page.
  4. Click Actions next to a database home entry, then Delete, and then confirm the action to delete a database home.

Parent topic: Working with Database Homes

Migrating Databases

Review these topics to learn how to prepare for and migrate an entire database to your Oracle Database Appliance.

  • About Migrating Databases
    You can migrate an entire active container database (CDB) or non-CDB database to an Oracle Database Appliance machine by using the RMAN duplicate command.
  • Configuring a Static Listener
    Configure a static listener before you duplicate a database.
  • Migrating a Database
    Use the RMAN Duplicate command to migrate the entire database to the appliance.
  • Registering a Database
    Use the odacli register-database command to register the migrated database with the appliance.

Parent topic: Managing Oracle Databases

About Migrating Databases

You can migrate an entire active container database (CDB) or non-CDB database to an Oracle Database Appliance machine by using the RMAN duplicate command.

When using RMAN Duplicate, ensure to have network connectivity from source and target databases:

  • Source database: The existing database to be migrated.

  • Target database: The new database created on an Oracle Database Appliance environment.

If you do not have network connectivity between the source and the target environments, you can use the offline migration method. Offline migration uses RMAN backup sets for duplication, which does not require connectivity to the primary database.

At a high level, the procedure involves the following steps:

  1. Deploy or update Oracle Database Appliance to the latest version.

    Confirm that the provisioning completed successfully. On bare metal systems, use the command odacli list-jobs and the command odacli describe-job to verify the status.

  2. Create an instance only database from the command-line interface.

    • On bare metal systems, use the command odacli create-database with the instanceonly flag on an Oracle Database Appliance machine. The new database is the target database.

    Creating an instance only database also creates the following:

    • ACFS Filesystem used to store the database files

    • Directory structures that are required by the database instance/rman duplicate command

    • Password file for the SYS user

  3. Configure a static listener.

  4. Migrate the existing database to the target database using the backup and restore operations.

  5. Register the migrated database with the appliance.

Note:

You can only migrate and register a database of the same storage type. For example, to migrate and register an Oracle ACFS database, you must create an Oracle ACFS database and then migrate and register it. Similarly, to to migrate an Oracle ASM database, you must create an Oracle ASM database and then migrate it.

Parent topic: Migrating Databases

Configuring a Static Listener

Configure a static listener before you duplicate a database.

The static listener is only required when using RMAN Duplicate command.

Perform the following steps to manually configure the listener.ora file:

  1. Log in as a grid user.
  2. Navigate to /u01/app/19.0.0.0/grid/network/admin/ directory.
  3. Edit the default listener.ora file and append the static database entry.
    SID_LIST_LISTENER=
   (SID_LIST=
      (SID_DESC=
         (GLOBAL_DBNAME=db_unique_name with domain)
         (ORACLE_HOME=db home)
         (SID_NAME=db unique name)
          (ENVS="TNS_ADMIN=database home/network/admin"))
 )

    For example, the following file is edited for an 19.9.0.0.0 database named PRODDB in the example.com domain: 

    SID_LIST_LISTENER=
 (SID_LIST=
    (SID_DESC=
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=PRODDB.example.com)
       (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0.0/dbhome_2)
       (SID_NAME=PRODDB)
            (ENVS="TNS_ADMIN=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0.0/
dbhome_2/network/admin"))
 )
  4. Save the file.
  5. Restart the listener.
    srvctl stop listener -l listener
srvctl start listener -l listener

Parent topic: Migrating Databases

Migrating a Database

Use the RMAN Duplicate command to migrate the entire database to the appliance.

Before migrating the database, verify that a network connection exists between the source and destination databases.
  1. Verify that the sysdba connection to the auxiliary database is working. Use the password that you defined when you created the database with the --instanceonly flag. 
    sqlplus sys/password@hostname:PORT/GLOBAL_DBNAME as sysdba << EOF
select 1 from dual;
exit;
EOF

    The following example uses the Welcome_12 password for myhost on port 1521 for PRODDB.example.com.

    sqlplus sys/Welcome_12@myhost:1521/PRODDB.example.com as sysdba << EOF
select 1 from dual;
exit;
EOF
  2. As oracle user, set the ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID environment variables.
    
ORACLE_HOME=path of Oracle Home against which the AUX DB is created 
ORACLE_SID=database unique name
  3. Display a list of all database storage configured on the appliance and database storage identifiers (ID).

    Use the odacli list-dbstorages to display the storage IDs for all configured filesystems. 

    # odacli list-dbstorages  
ID Type                               DBUnique  Name         Status 
------------------------------------  --------  ----------- ---------- 
68d13446-f26c-49ee-ab75-a393732aa88a   Asm       rdb1       Configured 
ff2023d9-338d-4cff-8bb4-e73a89e32ce4   Acfs      PRODDB     Configured
  4. Display the database storage details, including the DATA, RECO and REDO locations, for each database storage ID.

    For example, use the odacli describe-dbstorage command to display information about the ACFS storage for ID 9fe39332-cc1a-4b4b-8393-165524a6ef6b. 

    # odacli describe-dbstorage -i ff2023d9-338d-4cff-8bb4-e73a89e32ce4
DBStorage details 
---------------------------------------------------------------- 
ID: ff2023d9-338d-4cff-8bb4-e73a89e32ce4
DB Name: PRODDB 
DBUnique Name: PRODDB 
DB Resource ID: c5b77384-634e-4dc8-b10b-fa2831d2c59b 
Storage Type: Acfs 
DATA Location: /u02/app/oracle/oradata/PRODDB 
RECO Location: /u03/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ 
REDO Location: /u03/app/oracle/redo/ 
State: ResourceState(status=Configured) 
Created: June 22, 2019 12:07:12 PM SGT 
UpdatedTime: June 22, 2019 12:26:39 PM SGT
  5. Duplicate the database.
    Use the RMAN duplicate database command to duplicate the database.
    rman target sys/Welcome__12@source database hostname:PORT
(Continued)
/Service Name auxiliary sys/Welcome_12@Hostname of the target database:1521/service name 
RUN { 
SET NEWNAME FOR DATABASE TO NEW; 
duplicate target database to PRODDB from active database 
SPFILE 
SET cluster_database 'false' 
SET audit_file_dest '/u01/app/oracle/admin/PRODDB/adump' 
SET db_create_file_dest '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/PRODDB' 
SET db_create_online_log_dest_1 '/u03/app/oracle/redo' 
SET db_recovery_file_dest '/u03/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area' 
SET control_files '/tmp/control_PRODDB.ctl' nofilenamecheck; 
}

Parent topic: Migrating Databases

Registering a Database

Use the odacli register-database command to register the migrated database with the appliance.

The dbclass, dbshape, servicename and password are mandatory for registering the database. The dbclass and dbshape determine the sga_target and pga_target settings. The database init.ora parameters are reset as part of the odacli register-database command. Review the init.ora parameters after registration and ensure that the parameters set correctly.

Note:

The odacli register-database command is supported only for primary database of type single-instance.

Follow these steps to register a database:

  1. If you have Oracle Database version 12.1 with SQL patches, ensure that the sqlpatches are in the Oracle Database Appliance environment. If the patches are not in the environment, copy the $OH/sqlpatch directories from the source database home to the $OH in Oracle Database Appliance before executing the odacli register-database command
    The odacli register-database command invokes the datapatch utility for applying the post patch SQLs. If the source database has any sqlpatches applied that are not present in the Oracle Database Appliance environment, then the datapatch will fail.
  2. If you have Oracle Database version 11.2 with SQL patches, you must roll back any patches applied to the source database that are not part of the installed Oracle Database Bundle patch (BP).
  3. Register the database with Oracle Database Appliance. 
    # odacli register-database -c OLTP -s odb1 -sn proddb.example.com -p
Password for SYS:
{
  "jobId" : "317b430f-ad5f-42ae-bb07-13f053d266e2",
  "status" : "Created",
  "message" : null,
  "reports" : [ ],
  "createTimestamp" : "August 08, 2018 05:55:49 AM EDT",
  "description" : "Database service registration with 
                   db service name: proddb.example.com",
  "updatedTime" : "August 08, 2018 05:55:49 AM EDT"
}
rpandrap: ]# odacli describe-job -i "317b430f-ad5f-42ae-bb07-13f053d266e2"

Job details
----------------------------------------------------------------
            ID: 317b430f-ad5f-42ae-bb07-13f053d266e2
   Description: Database service registration with
             db service name: proddb.example.com
        Status: Success
       Created: November 23, 2018 5:55:49 AM EDT
       Message:

Task Name                       Start Time                  
----------------------------- ------------------------------ 
restore control file           November 23, 2018 5:55:49 AM EDT 
move spfile to right location  November 23, 2018 5:56:08 AM EDT  
register DB with clusterware   November 23, 2018 5:56:13 AM EDT  
reset db parameters            November 23, 2018 5:57:05 AM EDT  
Running DataPatch              November 23, 2018 5:57:36 AM EDT  

(Continued)
  End Time                     Status
------------------------------- --------
November 23, 2018 5:56:08 AM EDT   Success
November 23, 2018 5:56:13 AM EDT   Success
November 23, 2018 5:57:05 AM EDT   Success
November 23, 2018 5:57:36 AM EDT   Success
November 23, 2018 5:57:49 AM EDT   Success
  4. Use the odacli list-databases command to view the registered database.

Parent topic: Migrating Databases

About Managing Multiple Database Instances Using Instance Caging

Use instance caging to manage your system resources on Oracle Database Appliance.

Oracle Database provides a method for managing CPU allocations on a multi-CPU server that runs multiple database instances. This method is called instance caging. Instance caging uses an initialization parameter to limit the number of CPUs that an instance can use simultaneously.

Instance caging and Oracle Database Resource Manager (the Resource Manager) work together to support your desired service levels across multiple instances. Consolidation can minimize idle resources, maximize efficiency, and lower costs.

Oracle Database Appliance templates are already tuned for the size of each database instance workload. They are designed to run on a specific number of cores. Instance caging ensures that each database workload is restricted to the set of cores allocated by the template, enabling multiple databases to run concurrently with no performance degradation, up to the capacity of Oracle Database Appliance. You can select database template sizes larger than your current needs to provide for planned growth.

Note:

Oracle strongly recommends that you use the Oracle Database Appliance templates, because they implement best practices and are configured specifically for Oracle Database Appliance.

The Oracle Database Appliance Manager interface refers to the database sizing templates as database classes.

By default, instance caging is not enabled on Oracle Database Appliance. To enable instance caging, set the initialization parameter, RESOURCE_MANAGER_PLAN, for each database on Oracle Database Appliance. The parameter specifies the plan to be used by the Resource Manager for the current instance. Setting this parameter directs the Resource Manager to allocate core resources among databases. If a plan is not specified with this parameter, then the Resource Manager and instance caging are not enabled.

Instance caging allocation of core resources is enabled in accordance with the Oracle Database Appliance database template size that you select for each database. The CPU_COUNT initialization parameter is set in the template. Use the CPU_COUNT setting that matches the size of each database to consolidate, and follow the standard instructions for configuring instance caging.

Parent topic: Managing Oracle Databases

Oracle EM Express and DB Console

You can use Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Express (EM Express), or the Database Control Console (DB Console) to manage your database.

The EM Express console is available for Oracle Database 18c, 12.2.0.1, and 12.1.0.2. The DB Console is available for Oracle Database 11.2.0.4. Both consoles are web-based tools for managing Oracle Databases.

The EM Express console provides the following features:

  • Support for basic administrative tasks, such as storage and user management

  • Comprehensive solutions for performance diagnostics and tuning

  • Performance advisors in a graphic user interface

  • Oracle Database utilities in a graphic user interface, such as SQL*Loader and Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN)

EM Express is built inside the database server and cannot perform actions outside the database. 

Parent topic: Managing Oracle Databases