8 Glossary

• A
  
• B
  
• C
  
• D
  
• E
  
• F
  
• G
  
• H
  
• I
  
• J
  
• K
  
• L
  
• M
  
• N
  
• O
  
• P
  
• Q
  
• R
  
• S
  
• T
  
• U
  
• V
  
• W
  
• X
  

A

AC power

AC stands for alternating current, meaning the current constantly changes direction

Access Point

A networking device that allows multiple wireless devices to connect to a network

ADSL

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, a type of broadband networking technology

AES

Advanced Encryption Standard, a widely used symmetric encryption algorithm that encrypts and decrypts data in fixed-size blocks (typically 128 bits) using keys of 128, 192, or 256 bits

AP

Access Point, a networking device that allows multiple wireless devices to connect to a network

Application layer

The topmost layer that provides shared communication protocols and interface methods which application hosts use to communicate over a network

API

Application Programming Interface, a set of rules and protocols that allows different software programs to communicate and interact with each other

Asynchronous

Data transmitted intermittently or not at the same intervals

ATM

Asynchronous Transfer Mode, a high-speed networking technology designed to transmit data, voice, and video over the same network

Authentication

A security measure designed to verify the identity of a transmission

B

Backbone

Core networking component that connects different computer networks

Band

Specific range of frequencies in the radio frequency spectrum

Bandwidth

Maximum rate of data transfer across a given path (may be characterized as network bandwidth)

Bps

Bits per second, a unit of measurement for data transfer rate, indicating how many bits of data are transmitted or received each second over a communication channel or network

Broadband

High-speed internet access that is always on, and provides a wide bandwidth network transmission that can carry multiple signals and traffic types simultaneously

Bus

A network topology or architecture where all devices are connected to a single central communication line, known as the "bus." A bus is a topology for a Local Area Network (LAN) where all network devices (such as computers, printers, and servers) are connected by a single cable (the bus).

C

CA

Certificate Authority, a trusted organization or entity that issues, manages, and revokes digital certificates

Cable Modem

A device that enables high-speed internet access by connecting a computer or local network to a broadband internet service over coaxial cable

Cabling

The physical wires and cables used to connect devices in a network. It includes the design, installation, and management of various cable types—such as Ethernet cables, coaxial cables, or fiber optic cables—to support data transmission, communication, and power delivery between devices.

CAL

Client Application Loader

The CAL allows seamless distribution, installation, and maintenance of Simphony software from a CAL server to all Simphony client workstations and service hosts.

CAPS

Check and Posting Service

CAPS is a required service that runs on-premises at the property. CAPS acts as the bridge between the Simphony enterprise and the property, storing information entered on workstations and then posting it in real-time to the enterprise.

CAT 6

Category 6 Ethernet cable

CCTV

Closed circuit television

CCTV RF

Closed-circuit television Radio Frequency refers to the use of Radio Frequency (RF) signals to transmit closed-circuit television (CCTV) video signals.

• Passive Infrared
• Microwave
• Dual Technology Motion Sensors

Channel

A Wi-Fi channel is a medium used by wireless networks to transmit and receive data

Cloud

On-demand availability of computer system resources

Coaxial cable

A shielded cable consisting of one copper wire surrounded by insulation layers. Commonly used by cable TV and Internet providers.

CRL

Certificate Revocation List, a list published by a Certificate Authority (CA) that identifies digital certificates that have been revoked and are no longer trusted, even if they have not yet expired

CRL Endpoint

A network location (usually a URL) where a Certificate Authority (CA) publishes its Certificate Revocation List (CRL)

CSIRT

Computer Security Incident Response Team, a group of experts within an organization or service provider who play a critical role in minimizing the impact of security incidents and improving an organization’s overall cybersecurity posture

CSR

Certificate Signing Request, a digital request generated by a user or organization and sent to a Certificate Authority (CA) to apply for a digital certificate

CSU

Channel Service Unit, a device used in digital telecommunications to connect customer equipment, such as routers or PBXs, to a digital circuit provided by a telecommunications carrier (like a T1 or E1 line)

D

DB

Database

DBSync

Database Synchronization

In the context of Oracle Simphony, DBSync keeps local workstation databases and central servers in sync, ensuring critical data such as sales, inventory, and configuration are consistent across the network.

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, a network protocol used to automatically assign IP addresses and other network configuration parameters (such as subnet mask, gateway, and DNS servers) to devices on a network, allowing them to communicate effectively

DoS/DDoS

An attack that attempts to bring down your system by sending a large volume of requests—such as SYN flood attacks—is known as a Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack. Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) is a type of cyberattack where multiple compromised computers or devices are used to flood a target system—such as a website, server, or network—with an overwhelming amount of traffic. The goal is to exhaust the target's resources, making it slow, unavailable, or completely inaccessible to legitimate users. DDoS attacks are often more difficult to mitigate than single-source attacks because the malicious traffic comes from many different sources.

Downlink

Communication transmission from a central point—such as a server—to a remote device or end user. In networking and telecommunications, "downlink" commonly describes the data sent from the provider to the user, such as receiving data from the internet, a cellular network, or a satellite to your device. It is the opposite of "uplink," which refers to sending data from the user to the provider.

DSL

Digital subscriber line, a technology used to transmit digital data over traditional telephone lines

DSU

Data Service Unit, a device used in digital telecommunications that connects data terminal equipment (such as routers, computers, or multiplexers) to a digital circuit, like a T1 line

Dual-band

In wireless networking refers to a device or access point that can operate on two different frequency bands, typically 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz

E

E-1

A leased-line digital transmission standard used for carrying data at 2,048,000 bits-per-second, primarily outside of North American and Japan

E-3

A leased-line digital transmission standard used for carrying data at 34,386,000 bits-per-second, primarily outside of North American and Japan

EMC

Enterprise Management Console, the application used to configure Simphony

EMI

Electromagnetic interference, unwanted electrical noise or disturbance that affects the performance of electrical circuits and devices

Encryption

The process that transforms data into a coded or unreadable format to protect it from unauthorized access

Ethernet

A widely used technology for connecting devices in a local area network (LAN). Ethernet uses protocols to manage the transmission of information and prevent multiple systems from sending data at the same time.

F

Fast Ethernet

Fast Ethernet physical layers transmit data at a nominal rate of 100 Mbit/s.

FDDI

Fiber Distributed Data Interface, a high-speed network technology primarily used for local area networks (LANs) that require fast and reliable data transmission

Fiber Optic

Refers to the medium and technology that transmits information as light pulses

Firewall

A security device or software that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules

Flow Control

The management of data flow between computers

FQDN

Fully qualified domain name, the complete, unique address of a device or resource on the internet or a network

Frame Relay

Frame Relay is a packet-switching technology that breaks data into transmission units called frames, which are sent in high-speed bursts across a digital network.

FTP

File transfer protocol, a standard network protocol used to transfer files between a client and a server over a computer network, such as the internet or a local area network (LAN)

F-Type Connector

A type of coaxial RF (radio frequency) connector commonly used in television, satellite, and broadband cable installations

G

Gateway

A device used to connect two different networks

Gbps

Gigabits per second, a unit of data transfer rate commonly used in networking to measure the speed at which data is transmitted

Gigahertz (GHz)

A unit of frequency equal to one billion cycles per second

H

Hash

Distributes requests based on a key you define, such as the client IP address or the request URL. This technique helps evenly distribute traffic by consistently directing similar requests to the same server or resource.

Hop

A term used to represent the number of routers a packet must traverse to travel between two hosts on a network. For example, if three routers separate the source and destination, the hosts are four hops apart.

Host

A network host is any device or computer connected to a network. It provides services, information resources, or applications to users or other devices on the network.

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the foundational protocol used for transmitting web pages and other resources over the internet. It defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and how web servers and browsers should respond to various requests.

Hub

A network hub is a central connection point for devices on a network, allowing multiple computers and devices to communicate with each other within a local area network (LAN).

Hub and Spoke

A transport topology optimization in which routes are organized as a series of "spokes" connecting outlying points to a central hub. This design streamlines traffic flow by channeling all communication or transportation through the central hub, simplifying management and improving efficiency.

Hybrid LAN Topology

A hybrid topology combines two or more basic network topologies—such as star, bus, or ring—into a single network. This approach leverages the advantages of each individual topology to meet specific network requirements.

I

IDN

Integrated Device Network, a network architecture where various devices are interconnected to enable communication, data sharing, and coordinated operation

IDS

Intrusion Detection Systems, security solutions designed to monitor network or system activities for malicious actions, policy violations, or unauthorized access

IEEE 802.1X

Standard published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), specifically under the 802 family of networking standards. The "1X" refers to a specific protocol within the 802.1 set, which covers network access control. IEEE 802.1X stands for port-based network access control. It provides an authentication mechanism to devices wishing to connect to a LAN or WLAN, ensuring that only authorized devices can access the network.

IETF

Internet Engineering Task Force, an open standards organization that develops and promotes voluntary Internet standards, particularly the standards that comprise the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP)

IFC

Interface Flow Control, mechanisms designed to regulate data transmission rates between devices or network interfaces to avoid congestion and ensure efficient communication

IP Address

The unique identifier assigned to a device on a TCP/IP network. An IP address is typically either a number in dotted decimal notation (e.g., for IPv4) or a 128-bit hexadecimal string (e.g., for IPv6).

IP Hash

An IP hash is a value generated by applying a hash function to an IP address. This process transforms the original IP address into an obfuscated, fixed-length string, which helps protect the original IP address from direct exposure. Note that hashing is different from encryption; a hash is typically non-reversible, while encryption is reversible with a key.

IP Header

The IP header is the section at the beginning of an IP packet that contains essential information about the packet, such as the IP version, source and destination IP addresses, packet length, time to live (TTL), and other control and routing information.

IP Lease

A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) lease is a temporary assignment of an IP address from a DHCP server to a device on the network. The lease has a set duration, after which the device must renew the lease to continue using the assigned IP address.

IPS

Intrusion Prevention Systems, network security solutions designed to actively monitor network traffic and system activities to detect and block potential threats, such as exploits, malware, and policy violations, in real time

IPv4

The fourth version of the Internet Protocol, supporting a 32-bit address space. IPv4 provides unique numerical addresses for devices on a network and is sometimes referred to simply as IP.

IPv6

The sixth version of the Internet Protocol, supporting a 128-bit address space. IPv6 allows for a vastly larger number of unique IP addresses compared to IPv4 and is designed to accommodate the growing needs of global Internet connectivity.

ISDN

Integrated Services Digital Network, a set of international standards for digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over traditional telephone networks

ISP

Internet service provider, an organization or company that offers services for accessing, using, or participating in the Internet. ISPs provide connectivity to individuals, businesses, and organizations through various technologies such as DSL, cable, fiber-optic, wireless, or satellite.

J

Jitter

SymmetricDS by Jump Mind

Jump Mind is designed for the cruise market and is capable of handling expected WAN outages that may last for several hours while ships are at sea.

K

Kbps

Kilobits per second

KDS

Kitchen Display System, an order device which communicates order information to a preparation area. Instead of orders printing on a kitchen printer, orders appear on monitors enabling kitchen staff to see what needs to be prepared.

L

LAN

Local Area Network, a network of computers and devices that are connected within a limited geographic area, such as an office, building, or campus

LAN Topology

Refers to the physical and logical arrangement of devices and the connections between them in a Local Area Network (LAN)

Layer

The network layer is a part of the communication process that enables the connection and transfer of data over a network.

Latency

The amount of time it takes for data to travel from its source to its destination across a network. It is typically measured in milliseconds (ms) and represents the delay between sending a request and receiving a response.

Leased Line

A private telecommunications circuit that connects two or more locations, provided by a service provider under a commercial contract

Load Balancing

Refers to the process of distributing a set of tasks across multiple resources, such as servers or network connections, to optimize performance, reliability, and resource utilization

M

MAC Address

Media Access Control (MAC) address is a unique identifier assigned to the network interface controller (NIC) of a device. The MAC address is used in communications within a physical network segment.

Managed Switch

A managed switch allows users to configure its settings.

Mbps

Megabytes per second, a unit of measurement used to indicate data transfer speed, especially in networking and internet connections

Mesh

A mesh network is a network topology in which infrastructure nodes connect directly, dynamically, and non-hierarchically to as many other nodes as possible.

Mesh, Full

A full mesh topology occurs when every node in a network has a direct connection to every other node.

Mesh, Partial

A partial mesh topology is a network configuration in which only some nodes have multiple connections, rather than every node being directly connected to every other node.

MoCA

Multimedia over Coax Alliance, a technology standard that enables high-speed networking over the existing coaxial cables in a building—typically the same cables used for cable television

Modem

A device that enables communication between the digital data of a computer and the analog signal of a telephone line

N

NAT

Network Address Translation, the translation of an IP address used within one network to a different IP address known within another network

NetBIOS

Network Basic Input/Output System, an API that allows applications on different computers to communicate within a LAN

Netmask

A 32-bit bitmask that specifies how an IP address is divided into network, subnet, and host portions

Network Switch

A network switch is networking hardware that connects devices within a computer network by using packet switching to receive and forward data to the appropriate destination device.

NGINX

A web server that can also function as a reverse proxy, load balancer, mail proxy, and HTTP cache

NGINX Plus

A software load balancer, web server, and content cache built on top of the open-source NGINX platform, offering additional enterprise features and support

NIC

Network Interface Card, a hardware component that allows a computer or other device to connect to a network. It provides the physical interface for network communication, enabling the transmission and reception of data over wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Wi-Fi) networks.

Node

A device within a network that serves as either a redistribution point or a communication endpoint

NTP Servers

The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a networking protocol used for clock synchronization between computer systems.

O

OSCP

Online Certificate Status Protocol, an Internet protocol used to check the revocation status of digital certificates in real time.

OSI Model

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model, developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to provide a common reference framework for all parts of a network. The OSI Model has seven layers of network infrastructure.

P

P2P

Peer to Peer refers to a network architecture in which each device, or "peer," has equal status and can act as both a client and a server.

PAC Scripts

A Proxy Auto-Configuration (PAC) file is a JavaScript function that determines whether web browser requests for HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP should go directly to the destination or be forwarded to a web proxy server.

Packet

A unit of data transmitted over communication lines that contains a MAC header, a payload, and may also include an IP header

Payload

The data that is carried within a packet. It does not include the header information that is necessary to deliver the packet to its destination.

PMC

Property Management Console

PMS

Property Management System

PoE

Power over Ethernet, a technology that allows electrical power and data to be transmitted over the same Ethernet cable. This enables devices such as IP cameras, wireless access points, and VoIP phones to receive both power and network connectivity through a single cable, simplifying installation and reducing cable clutter.

Point-to-point

Point-to-point topology is a network configuration that connects two nodes directly to each other.

POS

Point-of-Sale

Refers to the place or system where a retail transaction occurs, typically involving the sale of goods or services. In technology terms, a POS system usually includes hardware (such as workstations, barcode scanners, and receipt printers) and software that manage sales, process payments, track inventory, and generate reports.

Power Conditioner

A device designed to monitor and improve the quality of electrical power supplied to equipment by regulating voltage, filtering noise, and protecting against power fluctuations

Powerline Extender

Powerline extenders are network adapters that use existing electrical wiring to transmit network communication.

Proxy Server

A proxy server acts as a gateway between your device and the internet.

PSK

Pre-shared key, a type of authentication method often used in wireless networks, such as Wi-Fi, where a shared password or passphrase is distributed to all users or devices that need access. This key must be entered on each device to connect to the network securely.

Q

QoS

Quality of Service, a set of technologies and techniques used in networking to manage and prioritize network traffic

QSR

Quick Service Restaurant, a type of restaurant that offers fast food service with minimal table service. Customers typically place their orders at a counter or drive-thru, and food is delivered quickly, either for dine-in or take-out.

R

R&A

Oracle Reporting and Analytics, a web-based application that centralizes point-of-sale (POS) data to provide operational and analytical insights into business operations, and to improve efficiency by delivering information to all roles within an organization

Redundancy

Network redundancy involves adding extra network devices and communication lines to help ensure continuous network availability. This reduces the risk of downtime by providing alternative paths and resources in case of hardware failures or other network issues.

REST

Representational State Transfer, an architectural style for designing networked applications

RFI

Radio Frequency Interface refers to the disturbance that affects an electrical circuit due to electromagnetic radiation emitted from an external source.

RFID Reader

Radio frequency identification reader, a device used to read and sometimes write information stored on RFID tags or smart labels. The reader uses radio waves to communicate with the RFID tag, allowing it to capture the tag’s stored data without direct contact or line of sight.

Ring

A ring network is a network topology in which each node is connected to exactly two other nodes, forming a continuous circular pathway for data to travel.

RJ12

RJ12 is a 6P6C (6 Positions, 6 Contacts) wiring standard commonly used for telephone and data connections.

RJ45

RJ45 is a type of connector used for Ethernet networking cables, not the cable itself. It is an 8P8C (8 Positions, 8 Contacts) connector commonly used with twisted-pair cables, such as Cat5e or Cat6, to connect computers, switches, routers, and other network devices in both local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs).

RJ-45 Connector

A connector used to terminate Ethernet cables, typically for connecting devices to a network. It is most commonly used with twisted-pair cables, such as Cat5e or Cat6, in Ethernet networking.

Roaming

Roaming occurs when a device moves between access points (APs) within the same wireless network, allowing the device to maintain a continuous connection as it changes locations. This process enables uninterrupted service for users as they move throughout the network coverage area.

Round Robin

An algorithm used by process and network schedulers in computing to allocate resources or schedule tasks by cycling through them in a fixed, sequential order, ensuring each task receives equal time or opportunities.

Router

A router is a networking device that functions as a gateway, forwarding data packets between computer networks. It directs traffic based on destination addresses, ensuring data reaches its intended endpoint efficiently.

S

SC Connector

A fiber-optic cable connector that uses a push-pull latching mechanism for easy and secure connection and disconnection

SDH

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy is a standard technology for synchronous data transmission over optical media, commonly used in telecommunications networks for high-speed data transfer.

SD-WAN

Software-Defined WAN, a technology that uses software-based management to control and optimize the operation of a wide area network (WAN)

Segment

A network segment is a portion of a computer network that is separated by devices such as switches, routers, or bridges, allowing improved traffic management and reduced network congestion within that segment.

Shielded

Shielded cables are designed to reduce external magnetic interference. These Ethernet cables may include a drain wire, which provides a means for grounding the cable.

Smart Switch

Smart switches provide features that improve network performance and offer greater control over data transmission.

SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol, a standard protocol used for monitoring, managing, and configuring network devices such as routers, switches, servers, and printers.

SOAP

Simple Object Access Protocol, a protocol used for exchanging structured information in the implementation of web services over computer networks. SOAP relies on Extensible Markup Language (XML) for message formatting and typically uses HTTP or SMTP for message transmission. It enables applications running on different operating systems and platforms to communicate with each other in a standardized way.

SONET

Synchronous Optical Network, a standardized protocol that transfers multiple digital bit streams over optical fiber using lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs).

SPI

Stateful Packet Inspection, a network security feature used in firewalls that monitors the state and context of active connections as data packets traverse the firewall.

SSID

Service Set Identifier is the name assigned to a wireless local area network (WLAN). It is used to identify and distinguish one wireless network from another. Clients use the SSID to connect to the desired network among available options.

SSL

Secure Socket Layer, a security protocol that establishes encrypted links between a web server and a client (typically a web browser), ensuring that data transmitted between them remains private and protected. SSL has largely been replaced by Transport Layer Security (TLS), which is a more secure and updated version of the protocol.

SSL Server

A protocol that enables web browsers and servers to authenticate each other and establish an encrypted connection to protect data transmitted between them

Star

A star network is a topology in which each node is individually connected to a central hub or switch, forming a spoke–hub distribution model in computer networks.

STP

Spanning Tree Protocol, a network protocol used to prevent loops in Ethernet networks with redundant paths

Subnet Mask

An IP address contains two parts—the Network ID and the Host ID. The subnet mask is used to distinguish between these parts, allowing data packets to be routed to the correct network and specific host.

SymmetricDS

Open-source software designed for database and file synchronization

T

T-1

A leased-line connection used in North America that can carry data at 1,544,000 bits per second (1.544 Mbps)

T-3

A leased-line connection used in North America that can carry data at 44,736,000 bits per second (44.736 Mbps)

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol, a core protocol of the Internet protocol suite. TCP enables reliable, orderly, and error-checked delivery of data between applications over a network. It establishes a connection between sender and receiver, ensuring that data packets arrive intact and in sequence.

Termination

Cable termination is the process of connecting a wire or fiber optic cable to a device or endpoint, ensuring a secure and reliable electrical or optical connection.

Throughput

The amount of data successfully transmitted through a system or network over a given period of time, typically measured in bits per second (bps). In networking, it indicates how much data can flow from source to destination within the network.

TKIP

Temporal Key Integrity Protocol is a security protocol used in wireless networks as part of the IEEE 802.11 standard.

TLS

Transport Layer Security is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide secure communication over a computer network.

Token Ring

A computer networking technology used to build local area networks (LANs). In a Token Ring network, devices are connected in a logical ring or circle, and a special data packet called a "token" circulates around the network.

Topology

Layout or arrangement of devices and cables in a computer network

Tree

A tree network, also known as a star-bus network, is a hybrid network topology that combines characteristics of star and bus topologies. In a tree network, multiple star networks are connected together using a central bus. The structure is hierarchical, allowing each node to have any number of child nodes, making it suitable for organizing devices in a tiered fashion.

TSR

Table Service Restaurant, a type of dining establishment where customers are seated at tables and served by waitstaff

Twisted Pair

A type of wiring in which two conductors are twisted together to help reduce electromagnetic interference from external sources and crosstalk between adjacent pairs. Twisted pair cables are commonly used in telephone and network wiring.

U

UDP

User Datagram Protocol, a communication protocol used in computer networks as part of the Internet protocol suite. UDP enables the transmission of data packets, called datagrams, between devices with minimal protocol overhead.

Unmanaged Switch

A network switch that does not allow user configuration or input. It operates automatically, forwarding data between devices without customization or management options.

Uplink

The transmission path from a user/terminal toward the network infrastructure—for example, from a ground station to a satellite, from a mobile device to a cellular base station, or from a client to a Wi‑Fi access point. It’s the opposite of downlink (network to user).

UPS

Uninterruptible Power Supply, a device that provides immediate, short‑term backup power and power conditioning to connected equipment when the main power source fails or fluctuates. It bridges the gap during outages, sags, surges, and brownouts, preventing data loss, downtime, and hardware damage.

URL

Uniform Resource Locator, a standardized address that specifies how to access a resource on a network (usually the web). It encodes the protocol to use and the resource’s location on a host.

V

VLAN

A virtual LAN is a broadcast domain that is partitioned and isolated within a computer network at the data link layer.

VOIP

Voice over IP, a technology that enables voice communication and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the internet or private intranets, by converting analog voice signals into digital data packets for transmission.

VPLS

Virtual Private LAN Service, a Layer 2 Virtual Private Network (VPN) technology that enables multiple geographically dispersed sites to connect and communicate as if they were part of a single local area network (LAN), typically over a provider's MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) or IP/MPLS backbone.

VPN

Virtual Private Network, a secure, logical network overlay that extends a private network across a public infrastructure (e.g., the internet) using encrypted tunnels to protect data confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. It allows remote users or sites to access resources as if directly connected to the private network.

W

WAN

Wide Area Network, a telecommunications network that extends over a large geographical area—ranging from cities and regions to entire countries or continents

WAP

Wireless Application Protocol, a technical standard developed to enable early mobile devices—such as cell phones, pagers, and wireless PDAs—to access information on the Internet and other services

WEP

Wired Equivalent Privacy, a security protocol that was designed to provide a wireless local area network (WLAN) with a level of security and privacy comparable to what is usually expected of a wired LAN

Wi-Fi

Wireless Fidelity, a technology that allows electronic devices to connect to a local area network (LAN) wirelessly using radio waves

Windows CAL

Client Access License, a license required by Microsoft to allow users or devices to legally access and use the services of Windows Server software

WLAN

Wireless Local Area Network, a type of local area network (LAN) that allows devices to communicate and connect to the network wirelessly, using radio waves instead of physical cables

WPA

Wi-Fi Protected Access, a family of security protocols designed to protect wireless computer networks (such as those using Wi-Fi)

X

X-Forwarded Headers

Standard HTTP headers used to identify the originating IP address of a client connecting to a web server through an HTTP proxy or load balancer

X-Forwarded Host

Standard HTTP header used to identify the original host requested by the client in the Host HTTP request header

X-Forwarded Proto

Standard HTTP header used to indicate whether the original request was made using the HTTP or HTTPS protocol