Switch

Hubs connect multiple Ethernet segments and extend network distances beyond the limits of a single cable. However, hubs are now rarely used because they transmit all communication to every port on the network. Newer devices like switches are preferred, as they send data only to the intended device on a specific port.

An unmanaged switch directs network communication only to the intended device on a specific port, unlike a hub. Its purpose is to extend network connections beyond the length limits of individual Ethernet cables. Unmanaged switches are more efficient than hubs because they can "learn" the MAC addresses of connected devices and route messages only to the correct destination.

A managed switch offers greater user control over the LAN and is recommended for medium to large point-of-sale networks. By default, it functions like an unmanaged switch but can be further configured through an interface for advanced features. Managed switches allow users to monitor, manage, and optimize network traffic and performance. The following advanced features are commonly found in managed switches:

• Allow administrators to segment networks using virtual LAN (VLAN)
• Precise monitoring
• Prioritize certain types of data transmission using Quality of Service (QoS)

Smart switches are an evolving technology that serve as a bridge between unmanaged and managed switches. They offer some management features, such as QoS and basic security, but are considered a lighter version compared to fully managed switches.