1 Introduction to the Nashorn Engine

This section provides introductory information about the Nashorn engine and how it can be used to interpret JavaScript code in a Java application or from the command line.

Note:

The Nashorn engine, the jjs tool, and the modules jdk.scripting.nashorn and jdk.scripting.nashorn.shell are deprecated in JDK 11 in preparation for removal in a future release.

The Nashorn engine is an implementation of the ECMAScript Edition 5.1 Language Specification. It also implements many new features introduced in ECMAScript 6 including template strings; let, const, and block scope; iterators and for..of loops; Map, Set, WeakMap, and WeakSet data types; symbols; and binary and octal literals.

It was fully developed in the Java language as part of the Nashorn Project. The code is based on the new features of the Da Vinci Machine, which is the reference implementation of Java Specification Request (JSR) 292: Supporting Dynamically Typed Languages on the Java Platform.

The Nashorn engine is included in the Java SE Development Kit (JDK). You can invoke Nashorn from a Java application using the Java Scripting API to interpret embedded scripts, or you can pass the script to the jjs or jrunscript tool.

Note:

Nashorn is the only JavaScript engine included in the JDK. However, you can use any script engine compliant with JSR 223: Scripting for the Java Platform or implement your own; see Scripting Languages and Java in Java Platform, Standard Edition Java Scripting Programmer's Guide.

Topics

• Invoking Nashorn from Java Code
• Invoking Nashorn from the Command Line
• Nashorn Parser API

Invoking Nashorn from Java Code

To invoke Nashorn in your Java application, create an instance of the Nashorn engine using the Java Scripting API.

To get an instance of the Nashorn engine:

1. Import the javax.script package.

   The Java Scripting API is composed of classes and interfaces in this package.

2. Create a ScriptEngineManager object.

   The ScriptEngineManager class is the starting point for the Java Scripting API. A ScriptEngineManager object is used to instantiate ScriptEngine objects and maintain global variable values shared by them.

3. Get a ScriptEngine object from the manager using the getEngineByName() method.

   This method takes one String argument with the name of the script engine. To get an instance of the Nashorn engine, pass in "nashorn". Alternatively, you can use any of the following: "Nashorn", "javascript", "JavaScript", "js", "JS", "ecmascript", "ECMAScript".

After you have the Nashorn engine instance, you can use it to evaluate statements and script files, set variables, and so on. The following example, EvalScript.java, provides simple Java application code that evaluates a print("Hello, World!"); statement using Nashorn.

import javax.script.*;

public class EvalScript {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // create a script engine manager
        ScriptEngineManager factory = new ScriptEngineManager();
        // create a Nashorn script engine
        ScriptEngine engine = factory.getEngineByName("nashorn");
        // evaluate JavaScript statement
        try {
            engine.eval("print('Hello, World!');");
        } catch (final ScriptException se) { se.printStackTrace(); }
    }
}

Note:

The eval() method throws a ScriptException that must be handled properly.

Java Scripting API Examples with Java Classes in Java Platform, Standard Edition Java Scripting Programmer's Guide demonstrates how to use scripts in Java code.

Invoking Nashorn from the Command Line

There are two command-line tools that can be used to invoke the Nashorn engine:

• jrunscript

  This is a generic command that invokes any available script engine compliant with JSR 223. By default, without any options, jrunscript invokes the Nashorn engine, because it is the default script engine in the JDK.

• jjs

  This is the recommended tool, created specifically for Nashorn. To evaluate a script file using Nashorn, pass the name of the script file to the jjs tool. To launch an interactive shell that interprets statements passed in using standard input, start the jjs tool without specifying any script files.

Nashorn Parser API

The Nashorn parser API enables applications, in particular IDEs and server-side frameworks, to parse and analyze ECMAScript code.

Parse ECMAScript code from a string, URL, or file with methods from the Parser class. These methods return an instance of CompilationUnitTree, which represents ECMAScript code as an abstract syntax tree. The package jdk.nashorn.api.tree contains the Nashorn parser API.