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啟用 Oracle 資料庫的擴充資料類型功能

簡介

Oracle Database 12c 導入了 MAX_STRING_SIZE 參數，可控制 VARCHAR2、NVARCHAR2 及 RAW 資料類型的大小上限。將 MAX_STRING_SIZE 參數設為 EXTENDED 可將資料類型大小設為 32767 位元組限制。將 MAX_STRING_SIZE 設定為 EXTENDED 值時，資料庫 COMPATIBLE 初始化參數應為 12.0.0.0 或更新的版本。

本教學課程詳細說明啟用 Oracle Database 的作業，以充分運用需要特定升級動作的新擴充資料類型。

目標

運用支援的 VARCHAR2、NVARCHAR2 及 RAW 資料類型上限為 32767 個位元組。

必要條件

資料庫版本應為 Oracle 12.2 或更新版本。

作業 1：在非容器資料庫上設定擴充資料類型

執行下列命令。

SQL> SHOW PARAMETER MAX_STRING_

| NAME            | TYPE   | VALUE    |
| --------------- | ------ | -------- |
| max_string_size | string | STANDARD |

以升級模式啟動資料庫。

SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;

Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL>STARTUP UPGRADE

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area   1.4663E+10 bytes
Fixed Size                 15697000 bytes
Variable Size              1.1878E+10 bytes
Database Buffers           2717908992 bytes
Redo Buffers               51404800 bytes

Database mounted.
Database opened.

將 MAX_STRING_SIZE 值變更為 EXTENDED。

SQL>  alter system set MAX_STRING_SIZE='EXTENDED' SCOPE=BOTH;

System altered.

SQL> show parameter MAX_STRING_SIZE

| NAME            | TYPE   | VALUE    |
| --------------- | ------ | -------- |
| max_string_size | string | EXTENDED |

執行 utl32k.sql 程序檔：@?/rdbms/admin/utl32k.sql。

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utl32k.sql

Session altered.

DOC>#######################################################################
DOC>#######################################################################
DOC> The following statement will cause an "ORA-01722: invalid number"
DOC> error if the database has not been opened for UPGRADE.
DOC>
DOC> Perform a "SHUTDOWN ABORT" and
DOC> restart using UPGRADE.
DOC>#######################################################################
DOC>#######################################################################
DOC>#

no rows selected

DOC>#######################################################################
DOC>#######################################################################
DOC> The following statement will cause an "ORA-01722: invalid number"
DOC> error if the database does not have compatible >= 12.0.0
DOC>
DOC> Set compatible >= 12.0.0 and retry.
DOC>#######################################################################
DOC>#######################################################################
DOC>#

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Session altered.

1524 rows updated.

Commit complete.

System altered.

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Commit complete.

System altered.

Session altered.

Session altered.

Table created.

Table created.

Table created.

Table truncated.

0 rows created.

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

no rows selected

DOC>#######################################################################
DOC>#######################################################################
DOC> The following statement will cause an "ORA-01722: invalid number"
DOC> error if we encountered an error while modifying a column to
DOC> account for data type length change as a result of enabling or
DOC> disabling 32k types.
DOC>
DOC> Contact Oracle support for assistance.
DOC>#######################################################################
DOC>#######################################################################
DOC>#

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Commit complete.

重新啟動資料庫。

shutdown immediate;
startup

SQL> show parameter max_string

| NAME            | TYPE   | VALUE    |
| --------------- | ------ | -------- |
| max_string_size | string | EXTENDED |

作業 2：設定容器資料庫上的擴充資料類型 (CDB$ROOT)

執行下列命令。

[oracle@vm4 ~]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Sep 7 13:26:41 2023

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c EE Extreme Perf Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> SHOW PARAMETER MAX_STRING_

| NAME            | TYPE   | VALUE    |
| --------------- | ------ | -------- |
| max_string_size | string | STANDARD |

SQL> show pdbs;

| CON_ID | CON_NAME    | OPEN MODE  | RESTRICTED |
| ------ | ----------- | ---------- | ---------- |
| 2      | PDB$SEED    | READ ONLY  | NO         |
| 3      | RATPRD_PDB1 | READ WRITE | NO         |

[oracle@vm4 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
[oracle@vm4 admin]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin
[oracle@vm4 ~]$  mkdir -p /home/oracle/mydir/utl32k_cdb_pdbs_output
[oracle@vm4 ~]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Sep 7 13:30:18 2023

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c EE Extreme Perf Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER=CDB$ROOT;

Session altered.

將 MAX_STRING_SIZE 值變更為 EXTENDED。

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET MAX_STRING_SIZE=extended SCOPE=SPFILE;

System altered.

以升級模式啟動資料庫。

SQL> shutdown;

Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup upgrade;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3.2749E+10 bytes
Fixed Size                 12351112 bytes
Variable Size            4160751992 bytes
Database Buffers         2.8387E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers              188973056 bytes

Database mounted.
Database opened.

SQL> exit

執行 catcon.pl 程序檔。

注意：使用 catcon.pl 程序檔在 root 與 CDB 中的所有 PDB 中執行 rdbms/admin/utl32k.sql 命令檔，以增加 VARCHAR2、NVARCHAR2 和 RAW 資料欄的大小上限。-force_pdb_mode 'UPGRADE' 選項可用來確保所有 PDB (包括應用程式根複製) 皆以移轉模式開啟。提示時輸入 SYS 密碼。

[oracle@vm4 ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin/perl $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catcon.pl -u SYS --force_pdb_mode 'UPGRADE' -d $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin -l '/home/oracle/mydir/utl32k_cdb_pdbs_output' -b utl32k_cdb_pdbs_output utl32k.sql
catcon: ALL catcon-related output will be written to [/home/oracle/mydir/utl32k_cdb_pdbs_output/utl32k_cdb_pdbs_output_catcon_88242.lst]
catcon: See [/home/oracle/mydir/utl32k_cdb_pdbs_output/utl32k_cdb_pdbs_output*.log] files for output generated by scripts
catcon: See [/home/oracle/mydir/utl32k_cdb_pdbs_output/utl32k_cdb_pdbs_output_*.lst] files for spool files, if any
Enter Password:    -> enter sys password
catcon.pl: completed successfully
[oracle@vm4 ~]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Sep 7 13:48:56 2023

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c EE Extreme Perf Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> startup;

ORA-01081: cannot start already-running ORACLE - shut it down first

SQL> shut immediate;

Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3.2749E+10 bytes
Fixed Size                 12351112 bytes
Variable Size            4160751992 bytes
Database Buffers         2.8387E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers              188973056 bytes

Database mounted.
Database opened.

SQL> show parameter max_string_size;

| NAME            | TYPE   | VALUE    |
| --------------- | ------ | -------- |
| max_string_size | string | EXTENDED |

作業 3：在 PDB 上設定擴充的資料類型

執行下列命令以更改資料庫。

SQL> alter session set container = RATPRD_PDB1;

Session altered.

SQL> show pdbs

| CON_ID | CON_NAME    | OPEN MODE  | RESTRICTED |
| ------ | ----------- | ---------- | ---------- |
| 3      | RATPRD_PDB1 | READ WRITE | NO         |

SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE RATPRD_PDB1 CLOSE IMMEDIATE;

Pluggable database altered.

SQL>  show pdbs

| CON_ID | CON_NAME    | OPEN MODE | RESTRICTED |
| ------ | ----------- | --------- | ---------- |
| 3      | RATPRD_PDB1 | MOUNTED   |

以升級模式開啟 PDB RATPRD_PDB1，需要修改 max_string_size 參數。

SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE RATPRD_PDB1 OPEN UPGRADE;

$
Pluggable database altered.

SQL>  show pdbs;

| CON_ID | CON_NAME    | OPEN MODE | RESTRICTED |
| ------ | ----------- | --------- | ---------- |
| 3      | RATPRD_PDB1 | MIGRATE   | YES        |

執行 utl32k.sql 以修改 PDB RATPRD_PDB1 上 VARCHAR2、NVARCHAR2 以及 RAW 資料欄的大小上限。

SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utl32k.sql;

Session altered.

DOC>#######################################################################
DOC>#######################################################################
DOC> The following statement will cause an "ORA-01722: invalid number"
DOC> error if the database has not been opened for UPGRADE.
DOC>
DOC> Perform a "SHUTDOWN ABORT" and
DOC> restart using UPGRADE.
DOC>#######################################################################
DOC>#######################################################################
DOC>#

no rows selected

DOC>#######################################################################
DOC>#######################################################################
DOC> The following statement will cause an "ORA-01722: invalid number"
DOC> error if the database does not have compatible >= 12.0.0
DOC>
DOC> Set compatible >= 12.0.0 and retry.
DOC>#######################################################################
DOC>#######################################################################
DOC>#

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Session altered.

0 rows updated.

Commit complete.

System altered.

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Commit complete.

System altered.

Session altered.

Session altered.

Table created.

Table created.

Table created.

Table truncated.

0 rows created.

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

STARTTIME :

09/07/2023 14:32:06.790646000

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

No errors.

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Session altered.

Session altered.

0 rows created.

no rows selected

no rows selected

DOC>#######################################################################
DOC>#######################################################################
DOC> The following statement will cause an "ORA-01722: invalid number"
DOC> error if we encountered an error while modifying a column to
DOC> account for data type length change as a result of enabling or
DOC> disabling 32k types.
DOC>
DOC> Contact Oracle support for assistance.
DOC>#######################################################################
DOC>#######################################################################
DOC>#

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Commit complete.

Package altered.

Package altered.

SQL> show pdbs;

| CON_ID | CON_NAME    | OPEN MODE | RESTRICTED |
| ------ | ----------- | --------- | ---------- |
| 3      | RATPRD_PDB1 | MIGRATE   | YES        |

SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE RATPRD_PDB1 CLOSE IMMEDIATE;

Pluggable database altered.

驗證 max_string_size 參數值已變更為 EXTENDED。

SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE RATPRD_PDB1 open ;

Pluggable database altered.

SQL>  show pdbs;

| CON_ID | CON_NAME    | OPEN MODE  | RESTRICTED |
| ------ | ----------- | ---------- | ---------- |
| 3      | RATPRD_PDB1 | READ WRITE | NO         |

SQL> show parameter max_string_size;

| NAME            | TYPE   | VALUE    |
| --------------- | ------ | -------- |
| max_string_size | string | EXTENDED |

Oracle Database 參考：MAX_STRING_SIZE

確認書

作者 - Hakim Ahamad (主要雲端架構師)

其他學習資源

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標題與著作權資訊

Enable the Extended Data Type Capability for Oracle databases

F87592-01

October 2023