join
(1g)
Name
join - join lines of two files on a common field
Synopsis
join [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
Description
User Commands JOIN(1)
NAME
join - join lines of two files on a common field
SYNOPSIS
join [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
DESCRIPTION
For each pair of input lines with identical join fields,
write a line to standard output. The default join field is
the first, delimited by whitespace. When FILE1 or FILE2
(not both) is -, read standard input.
-a FILENUM
also print unpairable lines from file FILENUM, where
FILENUM is 1 or 2, corresponding to FILE1 or FILE2
-e EMPTY
replace missing input fields with EMPTY
-i, --ignore-case
ignore differences in case when comparing fields
-j FIELD
equivalent to '-1 FIELD -2 FIELD'
-o FORMAT
obey FORMAT while constructing output line
-t CHAR
use CHAR as input and output field separator
-v FILENUM
like -a FILENUM, but suppress joined output lines
-1 FIELD
join on this FIELD of file 1
-2 FIELD
join on this FIELD of file 2
--check-order
check that the input is correctly sorted, even if all
input lines are pairable
--nocheck-order
do not check that the input is correctly sorted
--header
treat the first line in each file as field headers,
print them without trying to pair them
--help
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User Commands JOIN(1)
display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
Unless -t CHAR is given, leading blanks separate fields and
are ignored, else fields are separated by CHAR. Any FIELD
is a field number counted from 1. FORMAT is one or more
comma or blank separated specifications, each being
'FILENUM.FIELD' or '0'. Default FORMAT outputs the join
field, the remaining fields from FILE1, the remaining fields
from FILE2, all separated by CHAR. If FORMAT is the keyword
'auto', then the first line of each file determines the num-
ber of fields output for each line.
Important: FILE1 and FILE2 must be sorted on the join
fields. E.g., use "sort -k 1b,1" if 'join' has no options,
or use "join -t ''" if 'sort' has no options. Note, compar-
isons honor the rules specified by 'LC_COLLATE'. If the
input is not sorted and some lines cannot be joined, a warn-
ing message will be given.
AUTHOR
Written by Mike Haertel.
REPORTING BUGS
Report join bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org
GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/core-
utils/>
General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/geth-
elp/>
Report join translation bugs to <http://translationpro-
ject.org/team/>
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License
GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later
<http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redis-
tribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted
by law.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following
attributes:
GNU coreutils 8.16 Last change: March 2012 2
User Commands JOIN(1)
+---------------+--------------------+
|ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
+---------------+--------------------+
|Availability | file/gnu-coreutils |
+---------------+--------------------+
|Stability | Uncommitted |
+---------------+--------------------+
SEE ALSO
comm(1), uniq(1)
The full documentation for join is maintained as a Texinfo
manual. If the info and join programs are properly
installed at your site, the command
info coreutils 'join invocation'
should give you access to the complete manual.
NOTES
This software was built from source available at
https://java.net/projects/solaris-userland. The original
community source was downloaded from
http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/coreutils-8.16.tar.xz
Further information about this software can be found on the
open source community website at http://www.gnu.org/soft-
ware/coreutils/.
GNU coreutils 8.16 Last change: March 2012 3