Release 1 (9.0.1)
Part Number A89868-02
 Home |
 Book List |
 Contents |
 Index |  Master Index |  Feedback |
| Oracle9i Real Application Clusters Installation and Configuration Release 1 (9.0.1) Part Number A89868-02 |
|
A directory entry under which an Oracle Context (cn=OracleContext) resides. During directory access configuration, clients are configured with an administrative context in the directory configuration file,ldap.ora. The administrative context specifies the location of the Oracle Context in the directory whose entries a client expects to access.
A feature that automatically manages the sizing of undo tablespaces.
Load balancing, whereby if more than one listener services a single database, a client can randomly choose between the listeners for its connect requests. This randomization enables all listeners to share the burden of servicing incoming connect requests.
A set of instances, each typically running on different nodes, that coordinate with one another when accessing the shared database residing on disk.
An operating system-dependent component that discovers and tracks the membership state of nodes by providing a common view of cluster membership across the cluster.
CM monitors process health, specifically the health of the database instance. The LMON, a background process that monitors the health of the Global Cache Service (GCS), registers and de-registers from CM.
A specially formatted description of the destination for a network connection. A connect descriptor contains destination service and network route information.
The destination service is indicated by using its service name for Oracle release 8.1 databases or greater or its Oracle system identifier (sid) for Oracle release 8.0 or version 7 databases. The network route provides, at a minimum, the location of the listener through use of a network address.
A net service name or service name, that resolves to a connect descriptor. Users initiate a connect request by passing a user name and password along with a connect identifier in a connect string for the service to which they wish to connect, for example:
CONNECT username/password@connect_identifier
A feature that balances the number of active connections among various instances and shared server dispatchers for the same service. Because of service registration's ability to register with remote listeners, a listener is always aware of all instances and dispatchers regardless. This way, a listener can sends an incoming client request for a specific service to the least loaded instance and least loaded dispatcher regardless of its location.
A client connect request is forwarded to a another listener if first listener is not responding. Connect-time failover is enabled by service registration, because the listener knows if an instance is up prior to attempting a connection.
The Oracle Enterprise Manager Console gives you a central point of control for the Oracle environment through an intuitive graphical user interface (GUI) that provides powerful and robust system management.
A file that records the physical structure of a database and contains the database name, the names and locations of associated databases and online redo log files, the timestamp of the database creation, the current log sequence number, and checkpoint information.
The Oracle Database Configuration Assistant's Customized configuration type enables you to use the DBCA to create a customized database. Select the Customized installation to create customized database objects.
File that contain the contents of logical database structures, such as tables and indexes. One or more datafiles form a logical unit of storage called a tablespace. A datafile can be associated with only one tablespace, and only one database.
The Oracle Database Configuration Assistant's preconfigured database template for a data warehouse environment. This template includes datafiles.
A server that requires a dedicated server process for each user process. There is one server process for each client. Oracle Net sends the address of an existing server process back to the client. The client then resends its connect request to the server address provided. Contrast with shared server.
A process that enables many clients to connect to the same server without the need for a dedicated server process for each client. A dispatcher handles and directs multiple incoming network session requests to shared server processes. See also shared server.
A tool for creating, deleting, and modifying Oracle Enterprise Manager configurations and settings.
A type of partition on Windows NT and Windows 2000 that points to raw space on the disk. An extended partition can be assigned multiple logical drives to accommodate datafiles, control files, and redo log files.
Functions or procedures written in a third-generation language (3GL) that can be called from PL/SQL code. Only C is supported for external procedures.
The Oracle Database Configuration Assistant's preconfigured database template for a hybrid database environment. This template includes datafiles.
Initialization parameters determine the size of the collection of global resources that protect the database buffers on all instances. These parameters should be set in your parameter file.
Real Application Clusters software that provides mechanisms to control the allocation and modification of Oracle resources.
Global Cache Service Processes are processes that, when spawned by Oracle, transmit both the consistent read and the current blocks from holding instances to requesting instances. Real Application Clusters software provides for up to 10 LMS processes; however, there is by default one LMS processes per pair of CPUs. In general, the number of LMS processes varies depending on the amount of messaging traffic among nodes in the cluster.
The full name of the database that uniquely identifies the database from any other database. The global database name is of the form database_name.database_domain, for example, sales.us.acme.com.
The database name portion, in this case sales, should be an easy to remember name that you wish to call your database. The database domain portion, us.acme.com, specifies the database domain in which the database is located, making the global database name unique. When possible, Oracle Corporation recommends that your database domain mirror the network domain.
The global database name is the default service name of database, as specified by the SERVICE_NAMES parameter in the common database initialization file, initdb_name.ora.
A process that handles remote resource requests. Remote requests are requests that originate from another instance.
Formerly OPSD. The Global Services Daemon is a process that receives requests from the SRVCTL Utility to execute administrative tasks, such as startup or shutdown. The command is executed locally on each node and the results are returned to SRVCTL. GSD is installed on all nodes; do not delete the GSD process.
See Global Services Daemon (GSD).
A hybrid database is one that has both online transaction and data warehouse processing characteristics.
Files that contains information to initialize the database (initdb_name.ora) and instances (initsid.ora).
An instance initialization file that contains parameters unique for an instance and points to initdb_name.ora for database parameters.
A common database initialization file shared among the instance that contains database parameters.
Input/Output is an operating system-dependent component that provides I/O to access shared disks. See Oracle9i Real Application Clusters Concepts
For a Real Application Clusters database, each node within the cluster has an instance of the running Oracle9i software referencing the database.
When a database is started on a database server (regardless of the type of computer), Oracle allocates a memory area called the System Global Area (SGA) and starts one or more Oracle processes. This combination of the SGA and the Oracle processes is called an instance. The memory and processes of an instance efficiently manage the associated database's data and serve the database users. You can connect to any instance to access information within a Real Application Clusters database.
Each instance has a unique Oracle system identifier (sid), INSTANCE_NAME, INSTANCE_NUMBER, rollback segments, and thread ID.
Represents the name of the instance and is used to uniquely identify a specific instance when clusters share common services names. The instance name is identified by the INSTANCE_NAME parameter in the instance initialization file, initsid.ora.
The instance name is the same as the Oracle system identifier (sid).
A number that associates extents of data blocks with particular instances. The instance number enables you to start up an instance and ensure that it uses the extents allocated to it for inserts and updates. This will ensure that it does not use space allocated for other instances. The instance cannot use data blocks in another free list unless the instance is restarted with that instance number.
You can use various SQL options with the INSTANCE_NUMBER initialization parameter to associate extents of data blocks with instances.
The instance number is depicted by the INSTANCE_NUMBER parameter in the instance initialization file, initsid.ora.
An operating system-dependent component that transfers of messages and consistent-read versions of data blocks between instances on different nodes.
A separate process that resides on the server whose responsibility is to listen for incoming client connection requests and manage the traffic to the server.
The listener brokers the client request, handing off the request to the server. Every time a client (or server acting as a client) requests a network session with a server, a listener receives the actual request. If the client's information matches the listener's information, the listener grants a connection to the server.
A configuration file for the listener that identifies the:
The listener.ora file typically resides in $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin on UNIX platforms and %ORACLE_HOME%\network\admin on Windows NT and Windows 2000.
An Oracle release 8.1 database or greater does not require identification of the database service because of service registration. However, static service configuration is required for Oracle release 8.1 databases or greater if you plan to use Oracle Enterprise Manager.
See Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP).
A protocol for accessing on-line directory services.
See Global Cache Service Processes (LMSn).
A process that handles remote resource requests. Remote requests are requests that originate from another instance.
See Global Enqueue Service Monitor (LMON).
The Oracle Enterprise Manager Management Server provides centralized intelligence and distributed control between the Console and the managed nodes. It also processes system management tasks sent by the Console and administers the distribution of these tasks across the enterprise. The Management Server stores all system data, application data, and information about the state of managed nodes in a repository, which is a set of tables stored in a database. High performance and scalability is ensured because the workload is automatically shared and balanced when there are multiple Management Servers.
The capability of having more than one Oracle home directory on a machine.
The method that client applications use to resolve a net service name to a connect descriptor.
A simple name for a service that resolves to a connect descriptor. Users initiate a connect request by passing a user name and password along with a net service name in a connect string for the service to which they wish to connect:
CONNECT username/password@net_service_name
Depending on your needs, net service names can be stored in a variety of places, including:
tnsnames.ora, on each client
See Oracle Net.
See Oracle Net Manager.
See Oracle Net Configuration Assistant.
The Oracle Database Configuration Assistant's template that does not include datafiles. This template is fully customizable.
A machine where an instance resides.
A component of the Cluster Setup Wizard that you use to create persistent symbolic links to the logical drives required by Oracle Real Application Clusters. The Object Link Manager is associated with the Oracle Object Service.
A software layer that consists of several software components developed by vendors. The OSD layer maps the key operating system/cluster-ware services required for proper operation of Real Application Clusters.
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition is an Object-Relational Database Management System (ORDBMS). It provides the applications and files to manage a database. All other Oracle9i Real Application Clusters components are layered on top of Oracle9i Enterprise Edition.
This service updates all nodes when symbolic links are modified. When installed, this service is set to autostart, so that it starts whenever you reboot your system.
See Global Services Daemon (GSD).
A set of file naming and placement guidelines for Oracle software and databases.
An entry in a LDAP-compliant directory of cn=OracleContext, under which all Oracle software relevant information is kept.
A GUI tool that you can use to create a database for an online transaction processing (OLTP), data warehouse, or hybrid database environment. The DBCA creates a standard set of tablespaces for the type of database you select.
The DBCA also has administrative features such as instance and template management. Use the instance management feature to add or delete instances. Use the template management feature to manage and customize your database creation scripts. You can also use template management to reverse-engineer databases to preserve the attributes of existing databases for which you do not have creation scripts.
The Oracle Data Gatherer collects performance statistics for the Oracle Performance Manager. The Oracle Data Gatherer must be installed on a node somewhere on the network.
A system management tool that provides an integrated solution for centrally managing your heterogeneous environment. Oracle Enterprise Manager combines a graphical Console, Management Server, Oracle Intelligent Agent, repository database, and tools to provide an integrated, comprehensive systems management platform for managing Oracle products.
A product family consists of system management tools designed to efficiently manage the complete Oracle environment.
A process that runs on each of the nodes. It functions as the executor of jobs and events sent by the console by way of the Management Server. High availability is ensured since the agent can function regardless of the status of the Console or network connections.
The foundation of Oracle's family of networking products. Oracle Net allows services and their applications to reside on different computers so they can communicate as peer applications. The main function of Oracle Net is to establish network sessions and transfer data between a client machine and a server or between two servers. Once a network session is established, Oracle Net acts as a data courier for the client and the server.
Oracle Net Manager is a graphical user interface tool that combines configuration abilities with component control to provide an integrated environment for configuring and managing Oracle Net. It can be used on either the client or server.
You can use Oracle Net Manager to configure the following network components:
tnsnames.ora files, centralized LDAP-compliant directory service, or an Oracle Names server.
A post-installation tool that configures basic network components after installation, including:
tnsnames.ora file
An automated file system that controls the use of files within Oracle. Oracle Managed Files requires a clustered file system.
Divides the work of processing certain types of SQL statements among multiple parallel execution server processes.
An add-on application for Oracle Enterprise Manager that offers a variety of tabular and graphic performance statistics for Real Application Clusters. The statistics represent the aggregate performance for all instances running on a Real Application Clusters database.
Real Application Clusters is a breakthough architecture that allows clusters to access a shared database. Real Application Clusters includes the software component that provides the necessary Real Application Clusters scripts, initialization files, and datafiles to make the Oracle9i Enterprise Edition an Oracle9i Real Application Clusters database.
Oracle services are created and associated with Oracle products, such as the database or listener.
A name that identifies a specific instance of a running pre-release 8.1 Oracle database. For an Oracle9i Real Application Clusters database, each node within the cluster has an instance referencing the database. The database name, specified by the DB_NAME parameter in the initdb_name.ora file, and unique thread ID make up each node's sid. The thread ID starts at 1 for the first instance in the cluster, and is incremented by 1 for the next instance, and so on.
For pre-release 8.1 databases, sid identified the database. The sid was included in the part of the connect descriptor in a tnsnames.ora file, and in the definition of the network listener in the listener.ora file.
A graphical user interface that facilitates the installation of the Oracle database software and its related components.
An add-on application for Oracle Enterprise Manager that offers a variety of tabular and graphic performance statistics for Real Application Clusters. The statistics represent the aggregate performance for all instances running on Real Application Clusters.
A database process that performs process monitoring. PMON also performs recovery when a user process fails. PMON is responsible for cleaning up the cache and freeing resources that the process was using. P MON also checks on dispatcher and server processes and restarts them if they have failed. As a part of service registration, PMON registers instance information with the listener.
Each Oracle Enterprise Manager administrator can set up specific user names, passwords, and roles for nodes, listeners, databases, and other services that you administer in the network.
After these credentials are set up, you log in once to start the Console and are then automatically logged in as needed to the nodes. All login credentials are encrypted in the repository database.
See voting disk.
A raw device is a disk or partition on a disk drive that does not have a file system set up on it.
The raw, unformatted devices on shared disk arrays as used in Windows NT and Windows 2000 platforms.
Real Application Clusters is a breakthough architecture that allows clusters to access a shared database. Real Application Clusters includes the software component that provides the Real Application Clusters scripts, initialization files, and datafiles to support an Oracle9i Real Application Clusters database.
A file that contains a record of all changes made to data in the database buffer cache. If an instance failure occurs, the redo log files are used to recover the modified data that was in memory.
A repository database is a set of tables in an Oracle database that stores data required by Oracle Enterprise Manager. This database is separate from the database on the nodes.
Recovery Manager (RMAN) is an Oracle tool that backs up, copies, restores, and recovers datafiles, control files, and archived redo logs.
Contains transactions to undo changes to data blocks for uncommitted transactions. Rollback segments also provide read consistency to roll back transactions and to recover the database. Each node typically has two rollback segments that are identified with a naming convention of RBSthread_id_rollback_number by the ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS parameter in the instance initialization file, initsid.ora.
A preconfigured, ready-to-use database that requires minimal user input to create.
A comprehensive and integrated system management solution for Real Application Clusters. Use Server Management to manage cluster databases running in heterogeneous environments through an open client/server architecture through Oracle Enterprise Manager.
In addition to managing Real Application Clusters, Server Manager enables you to schedule jobs, perform event management, monitor performance, and obtain statistics to tune Real Application Cluster databases.
A binary parameter file that resides on the Oracle Server. This file contains parameter settings that are both global and instance-specific. These parameter settings are persistent across instance shutdown and instance startup events.
When you execute the Discover Node command from the Console, the Management Server contacts the Oracle Intelligent Agent installed on that node to discover the Oracle services installed on the node. The Management Server then places the new information in the repository and updates the hierarchical tree in the Navigator window of the Console, displaying a big-picture view of all nodes and their respective services.
A logical representation of a database, which is the way a database is presented to clients. A database can be presented as multiple services and a service can be implemented as multiple database instances. The service name is a string that is the global database name, a name comprised of the database name (DB_NAME) and domain name (DB_DOMAIN), entered during installation or database creation.
If you are not sure what the global database name is, you can obtain it from the combined values of the SERVICE_NAMES parameter in the common database initialization file, initdb_name.ora.
The service name is included in the CONNECT_DATA part of the connect descriptor.
A feature by which the PMON process automatically registers information with a listener. Because this information is registered with the listener, the listener.ora file does not need to be configured with this static information.
Service registration provides the listener with the following information:
This allows the listener to direct a client's request appropriately.
This load information allows the listener to determine which dispatcher can best handle a client connection's request. If all dispatchers are blocked, the listener can spawn a dedicated server for the connection.
A server that is configured to allow many user processes to share very few server processes. This increased the number of users that can be supported. With shared server configurations, many user processes connect to a dispatcher. The dispatcher directs multiple incoming network session requests to a common queue. An idle shared server process from a shared pool of server processes picks up a request from the queue. This means a small pool of server processes can server a large amount of clients. Contrast this with dedicated server.
A sid is an abbreviation for Oracle system identifier (sid).
The Oracle Universal Installer's database configuration type that only copies the software onto your hard drive. This configuration type does not use datafiles or perform configuration tasks.
The binary parameter file that resides on the Oracle Server.
A configuration file for the client or server that specifies:
The sqlnet.ora file typically resides in $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin on UNIX platforms and ORACLE_HOME\network\admin on Windows platforms.
A utility that manage instances. SRVCTL gathers information about all the instances for Oracle Enterprise Manager. SRVCTL serves as a single point of control between the Oracle Intelligent Agent and the nodes. Only one node's Oracle Intelligent Agent is used to communicate to SRVCTL. SRVCTL on that node then communicates to the other nodes through Oracle Net.
A preconfigured, ready-to-use database that requires minimal user input to create.
Startup is an operating system-dependent component that provides one-time configuration to startup functionality.
A name for a Windows NT and Windows 2000 logical partition.
A database administration role that contains all system privileges with the ADMIN OPTION and the SYSOPER system privileges. SYSDBA also permits CREATE DATABASE and time-based recovery.
A database administration role that enables a database administrator to perform STARTUP, SHUTDOWN, ALTER DATABASE OPEN/MOUNT, ALTER DATABASE BACKUP, ARCHIVE LOG, and RECOVER, and includes the RESTRICTED SESSION privilege.
A group of shared memory structures that contain data and control information for an Oracle instance.
A logical portion of an Oracle database used to allocate storage for table and index data. Each tablespace corresponds to one or more physical datafiles. Every Oracle database has a tablespace called SYSTEM and may have additional tablespaces. A tablespace is used to group related logical structures. For example, tablespaces commonly group all of an application's objects to simplify administrative operations.
The number of the redo thread to be used by an instance. Any available redo thread number can be used, but an instance cannot use the same thread number as another instance. Also, an instance cannot start when its redo thread is disabled. An instance cannot mount a database if the thread is used by another instance or if the thread is disabled.
The thread starts at 1 node for the first instance in the cluster, and is incremented by 1 for the next instance, and so on.
Threads are depicted by the THREAD parameter in the instance initialization file, initsid.ora.
When redo log files are generated, they include the thread ID, allowing you to easily identify a particular node's log files.
A configuration file that contains
net service names mapped to
connect descriptors. The tnsnames.ora file typically resides in $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin on UNIX platforms and %ORACLE_HOME%\network\admin on Windows NT and Windows 2000 platforms. This file is needed on clients, nodes, the Console, and on the Oracle Performance Manager machine.
The Oracle Database Configuration Assistant's preconfigured database template for a transaction processing environment. This template includes datafiles.
A runtime failover for high-availability environments, such as Real Application Clusters and Oracle Real Application Clusters Guard, that refers to the failover and re-establishment of application-to-service connections. It allows client applications to automatically reconnect to the database if the connection fails, and optionally resume a SELECT statement that was in progress. This reconnect happens automatically from within the Oracle Call Interface (OCI) library.
Transmission Control Protocol/Interconnect Protocol (TCP/IP) is a set of protocols that govern how information is packaged and transferred across the internet to guarantee reliable service.
Each server and background process can write to an associated trace file. When a process detects an internal error, the process dumps information about the error to its trace file. Some of the information written to the trace file is intended for the database administrator, while other information is intended for Oracle Support Services. Trace file information is also used to tune applications and instances.
A transport layer protocol defined by the US Department of Defence (DoD) for use with the IP network layer. It provides a best-effort datagram service to an End System. The service provided by UDP is an unreliable service because is does not have a delivery guarantee or protection from duplication.
Virtual Interface Architecture is
Real Application Clusters uses a voting disk to improve cluster availability. Oracle stores cluster status information on the partition reserved for the voting disk.
The process of transferring the most important information about parsed SQL statements and compiled PL/SQL units from the library cache on the primary instance to the library cache on the secondary instance. Warming the cache improves performance after failover because the library cache is already populated.
|
 Copyright © 1996-2001, Oracle Corporation. All Rights Reserved. |
|