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Oracle Solaris ZFS Administration Guide Oracle Solaris 11 Express 11/10 |
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Oracle Solaris ZFS Administration Guide Oracle Solaris 11 Express 11/10 |
1. Oracle Solaris ZFS File System (Introduction)
ZFS Snapshot Differences (zfs diff)
ZFS Storage Pool Recovery and Performance Enhancements
Tuning ZFS Synchronous Behavior
ZFS ACL Interoperability Improvements
Splitting a Mirrored ZFS Storage Pool (zpool split)
Changes to the zpool list Command
ZFS Device Replacement Enhancements
ZFS ACL Pass Through Inheritance for Execute Permission
Using Cache Devices in Your ZFS Storage Pool
Rolling Back a Dataset Without Unmounting
Enhancements to the zfs send Command
ZFS Quotas and Reservations for File System Data Only
ZFS File System Properties for the Solaris CIFS Service
ZFS and File System Mirror Mounts
ZFS Command History Enhancements (zpool history)
Upgrading ZFS File Systems (zfs upgrade)
Setting Up Separate ZFS Log Devices
Creating Intermediate ZFS Datasets
Recursively Renaming ZFS Snapshots (zfs rename -r)
gzip Compression Is Available for ZFS
Storing Multiple Copies of ZFS User Data
ZFS and Solaris iSCSI Improvements
Sharing ZFS File System Enhancements
ZFS Command History (zpool history)
Setting Properties When Creating ZFS File Systems
Displaying All ZFS File System Information
Hot Spares for ZFS Storage Pool Devices
Replacing a ZFS File System With a ZFS Clone (zfs promote)
Upgrading ZFS Storage Pools (zpool upgrade)
Using ZFS to Clone Non-Global Zones and Other Enhancements
ZFS Backup and Restore Commands Are Renamed
Recovering Destroyed Storage Pools
Checksums and Self-Healing Data
ZFS Component Naming Requirements
2. Getting Started With Oracle Solaris ZFS
3. Oracle Solaris ZFS and Traditional File System Differences
4. Managing Oracle Solaris ZFS Storage Pools
5. Managing ZFS Root Pool Components
6. Managing Oracle Solaris ZFS File Systems
7. Working With Oracle Solaris ZFS Snapshots and Clones
8. Using ACLs and Attributes to Protect Oracle Solaris ZFS Files
9. Oracle Solaris ZFS Delegated Administration
10. Oracle Solaris ZFS Advanced Topics
11. Oracle Solaris ZFS Troubleshooting and Pool Recovery
This section summarizes new features in the ZFS file system.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 149: In this Solaris release, you can encrypt a ZFS file system.
For example, the tank/cindys file system is created with the encryption property enabled. The default encryption policy is to prompt for a passphrase, which must be a minimum of 8 characters in length.
# zfs create -o encryption=on tank/cindys Enter passphrase for 'tank/cindys': xxx Enter again: xxx
An encryption policy is set when a ZFS dataset is created. A dataset's encryption policy is inherited by descendent file systems and cannot be removed.
For more information, see Encrypting ZFS File Systems.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 148: In this Solaris release, you can set file system properties that are sent and received in a snapshot stream. These enhancements provide flexibility in applying file system properties in a send stream to the receiving file system or in determining whether the local file system properties should be ignored when received, such as a mountpoint property value.
For more information, see Applying Different Property Values to a ZFS Snapshot Stream.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 147: In this Solaris release, you can determine ZFS snapshot differences by using the zfs diff command.
For example, the following two snapshots are created:
$ ls /tank/cindys fileA $ zfs snapshot tank/cindys@0913 $ ls /tank/cindys fileA fileB $ zfs snapshot tank/cindys@0914
Identify the snapshot differences. For example:
$ zfs diff tank/cindys@0913 tank/cindys@0914 M /tank/cindys/ + /tank/cindys/fileB
In the above output, the M indicates that the directory has been modified. The + indicates that fileB exists in the later snapshot.
For more information, see Identifying ZFS Snapshot Differences (zfs diff).
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 146 and build 147: In this Solaris release, the following new ZFS storage pool features are provided:
You can import a pool with a missing log by using the zpool import -m command.
For more information, see Importing a Pool With a Missing Log Device.
You can import a pool in read-only mode. This feature is primarily for pool recovery. If a damaged pool can not be accessed because the underlying devices are damaged, you can import the pool read-only to recover the data.
For more information, see Importing a Pool in Read-Only Mode.
A RAIDZ (raidz1, raidz2, or raidz3) storage pool, created in this release and upgraded to at least pool version 29, will have some latency-sensitive metadata automatically mirrored to improve read I/O throughput performance. For existing RAIDZ pools that are upgraded to at least pool version 29, some metadata will be mirrored for all newly written data.
Mirrored metadata in a RAIDZ pool does not provide additional protection against hardware failures, similar to what a mirrored storage pool provides. Additional space is consumed by mirrored metadata, but the RAIDZ protection remains the same as previous releases. This is a performance enhancement only.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 140: In this Solaris release, you can determine a ZFS file system's synchronous behavior by using the sync property.
The default synchronous behavior is to write all synchronous file system transactions to the intent log and to flush all devices to ensure the data is stable. Disabling the default synchronous behavior is not recommended. Applications that depend on synchronous support might be impacted and data loss could occur.
The property can be set before or after the dataset is created, and it takes effect immediately. For example:
# zfs set sync=always tank/perrin
The zil_disable parameter is no longer available in Solaris releases that include the sync property.
For more information, see Table 6-1.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 140: In this Solaris release, you can use the -T option to provide an interval and count value for the zpool list and zpool status commands to display additional information.
In addition, more pool scrub and resilver information is provided in the zpool status command as follows:
Resilver in-progress report. For example:
scan: resilver in progress since Wed Mar 31 11:12:48 2010 1.26G scanned out of 2.40G at 6.15M/s, 0h3m to go 1.26G resilvered, 56.3% done
Scrub in-progress report. For example:
scan: scrub in progress since Wed May 5 10:34:33 2010 18.0M scanned out of 2.35G at 8.99M/s, 0h4m to go 0 repaired, 0.75% done
Resilver completion message. For example:
scan: resilvered 2.34G in 1h2m with 0 errors on Wed Mar 31 11:19:49 2010
Scrub completion message. For example:
scan: scrub repaired 512B in 1h2m with 0 errors on Wed Mar 31 11:19:49 2010
Ongoing scrub cancellation message. For example:
scan: scrub canceled on Wed May 5 10:37:34 2010
Scrub and resilver completion messages persist across system reboots
The following syntax uses the interval and count option to display ongoing pool resilvering information. You can use the -T d value to display the information the standard date format or -T u to display the information by using an internal format.
# zpool status -T d tank 3 2
Thu Apr 8 06:46:39 PDT 2010
pool: tank
state: ONLINE
status: One or more devices is currently being resilvered. The pool will
continue to function, possibly in a degraded state.
action: Wait for the resilver to complete.
scan: resilver in progress since Thu Apr 8 06:46:18 2010
81.3M scanned out of 202M at 3.69M/s, 0h0m to go
37.0M resilvered, 40.21% done
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
tank ONLINE 0 0 0
mirror-0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c2t3d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c2t4d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
mirror-1 ONLINE 0 0 0
c2t7d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c2t8d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 (resilvering)
errors: No known data errors
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 139: In this Solaris release, the following ACL improvements are provided:
Trivial ACLs do not require deny ACEs except for unusual permissions. For example, a mode of 0644, 0755, 0664 do not need deny ACEs, but modes, such as 0705, 0060 and so on, require deny ACEs.
The old behavior includes deny ACEs in a trivial ACL like 644. For example:
# ls -v file.1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 206663 Jun 14 11:52 file.1
0:owner@:execute:deny
1:owner@:read_data/write_data/append_data/write_xattr/write_attributes
/write_acl/write_owner:allow
2:group@:write_data/append_data/execute:deny
3:group@:read_data:allow
4:everyone@:write_data/append_data/write_xattr/execute/write_attributes
/write_acl/write_owner:deny
5:everyone@:read_data/read_xattr/read_attributes/read_acl/synchronize
:allow
The new behavior for a trivial ACL like 644 does not include the deny ACEs. For example:
# ls -v file.1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 206674 Jun 14 10:54 file.1
0:owner@:read_data/write_data/append_data/read_xattr/write_xattr
/read_attributes/write_attributes/read_acl/write_acl/write_owner
/synchronize:allow
1:group@:read_data/read_xattr/read_attributes/read_acl/synchronize:allow
2:everyone@:read_data/read_xattr/read_attributes/read_acl/synchronize
:allowACLs are no longer split into multiple ACEs during inheritance to try to preserve the original unmodified permission. Instead, the permissions are modified as necessary to enforce the file creation mode.
The aclinherit property behavior includes a reduction of permissions when the property is set to restricted, which means ACLs are no longer split into multiple ACEs during inheritance.
An existing ACL is discarded during chmod(2) operations by default. This change means that the ZFS aclmode property is no longer available.
A new permission mode calculation rule means that if an ACL has a user ACE that is also the file owner, then those permissions are included in the permission mode computation. The same rule applies if a group ACE is the group owner of the file.
For more information, see Chapter 8, Using ACLs and Attributes to Protect Oracle Solaris ZFS Files.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 140: In this Solaris release, you can use the zpool split command to split a mirrored storage pool, which detaches a disk or disks in the original mirrored pool to create another identical pool.
For more information, see Creating a New Pool By Splitting a Mirrored ZFS Storage Pool.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 136: In this Solaris release, the Solaris iSCSI target daemon is replaced by using the COMSTAR target daemon. This also means that the shareiscsi property that was used to share a ZFS volume as an iSCSI LUN is no longer available. Use the sbdadm command to configure and share a ZFS volume as an iSCSI LUN.
For more information, see Using a ZFS Volume as a Solaris iSCSI LUN.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 129: In this Solaris release, each ZFS storage pool has an associated process, zpool-poolname. The threads in this process are the pool's I/O processing threads to handle I/O tasks, such as compression and checksumming, that are associated with the pool. The purpose of this process is to provide visibility into each storage pool's CPU utilization. Information about these process can be reviewed by using the ps and prstat commands. These processes are only available in the global zone. For more information, see SDC(7).
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 128: In this Solaris release, you can use the deduplication property to remove redundant data from your ZFS file systems. If a file system has the dedup property enabled, duplicate data blocks are removed synchronously. The result is that only unique data is stored and common components are shared between files.
You can enable this property as follows:
# zfs set dedup=on tank/home
Although deduplication is set as a file system property, the scope is pool-wide. For example, you can identify the deduplication ratio as follows:
# zpool list tank NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT tank 136G 55.2G 80.8G 40% 2.30x ONLINE -
The zpool list output has been updated to support the deduplication property. For more information, see Changes to the zpool list Command.
For more information setting the deduplication property, see The dedup Property.
Do not enable the dedup property on file systems on production systems until you review the following considerations:
Determine if your data would benefit from deduplication space savings
Determine whether your system has enough physical memory to support deduplication
Known issues exist when attempting to remove a large dataset or destroying a large snapshot with deduplicated data
For more information about these considerations, see this FAQ:
http://hub.opensolaris.org/bin/view/Community+Group+zfs/dedup
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 128: In this Solaris release, the zpool list output has changed to provide better space allocation information. For example:
# zpool list tank NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE CAP HEALTH ALTROOT tank 136G 55.2G 80.8G 40% ONLINE -
The previous USED and AVAIL fields have been replaced with ALLOC and FREE.
The ALLOC field identifies the amount of physical space allocated to all datasets and internal metadata. The FREE field identifies the amount of unallocated space in the pool.
For more information, see Displaying Information About ZFS Storage Pools.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 128: A storage pool can become damaged if underlying devices become unavailable, a power failure occurs, or if more than the supported number of devices fail in a redundant ZFS configuration. This release provides new command features for recovering your damaged storage pool. However, using this recovery feature means that the last few transactions that occurred prior to the pool outage might be lost.
Both the zpool clear and zpool import commands support the -F option to possibly recover a damaged pool. In addition, running the zpool status, zpool clear, or zpool import command automatically report a damaged pool and these commands describe how to recover the pool.
For more information, see Repairing ZFS Storage Pool-Wide Damage.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, builds 122–125: The following log device enhancements are available:
The logbias property – You can use this property to provide a hint to ZFS about handling synchronous requests for a specific dataset. If logbias is set to latency, ZFS uses the pool's separate log devices, if any, to handle the requests at low latency. If logbias is set to throughput, ZFS does not use the pool's separate log devices. Instead, ZFS optimizes synchronous operations for global pool throughput and efficient use of resources. The default value is latency. For most configurations, the default value is recommended. Using the logbias=throughput value might improve performance for writing database files.
Log device removal – You can now remove a log device from a ZFS storage pool by using the zpool remove command. A single log device can be removed by specifying the device name. A mirrored log device can be removed by specifying the top-level mirror for the log. When a separate log device is removed from the system, ZIL transaction records are written to the main pool.
Redundant top-level virtual devices are now identified with a numeric identifier. For example, in a mirrored storage pool of two disks, the top level virtual device is mirror-0.
For more information, see Example 4-3.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: In this Solaris release, a redundant RAID-Z configuration can now have either single-, double-, or triple-parity, which means that one, two, three device failures can be sustained respectively, without any data loss. You can specify the raidz3 keyword for a triple-parity RAID-Z configuration. For more information, see Creating a RAID-Z Storage Pool.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: If you implement different automatic snapshot policies so that older snapshots are being inadvertently destroyed by zfs receive because they no longer exist on the sending side, you might consider using the snapshots hold feature in this Solaris release.
Holding a snapshot prevents it from being destroyed. In addition, this feature allows a snapshot with clones to be deleted pending the removal of the last clone by using the zfs destroy -d command.
You can hold a snapshot or set of snapshots. For example, the following syntax puts a hold tag, keep, on tank/home/cindys/snap@1.
# zfs hold keep tank/home/cindys@snap1
For more information, see Holding ZFS Snapshots.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: In this Solaris release, a system event or sysevent is provided when an underlying device is expanded. ZFS has been enhanced to recognize these events and adjusts the pool based on the new size of the expanded LUN, depending on the setting of the autoexpand property. You can use the autoexpand pool property to enable or disable automatic pool expansion when a dynamic LUN expansion event is received.
These features enable you to expand a LUN and the resulting pool can access the expanded space without having to export and import pool or reboot the system.
For example, automatic LUN expansion is enabled on the tank pool.
# zpool set autoexpand=on tank
Or, you can create the pool with the autoexpand property enabled.
# zpool create -o autoexpand=on tank c1t13d0
The autoexpand property is disabled by default so you can decide whether you want the LUN expanded or not.
A LUN can also be expanded by using the zpool online -e command. For example:
# zpool online -e tank c1t6d0
Or, you can reset the autoexpand property after the LUN is attached or made available by using the zpool replace feature. For example, the following pool is created with one 8-GB disk (c0t0d0). The 8-GB disk is replaced with a 16-GB disk (c1t13d0), but the pool size is not expanded until the autoexpand property is enabled.
# zpool create pool c0t0d0 # zpool list NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE CAP HEALTH ALTROOT pool 8.44G 76.5K 8.44G 0% ONLINE - # zpool replace pool c0t0d0 c1t13d0 # zpool list NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE CAP HEALTH ALTROOT pool 8.44G 91.5K 8.44G 0% ONLINE - # zpool set autoexpand=on pool # zpool list NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE CAP HEALTH ALTROOT pool 16.8G 91.5K 16.8G 0% ONLINE -
Another way to expand the LUN in the above example without enabling the autoexpand property, is to use the zpool online -e command even though the device is already online. For example:
# zpool create tank c0t0d0 # zpool list tank NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE CAP HEALTH ALTROOT tank 8.44G 76.5K 8.44G 0% ONLINE - # zpool replace tank c0t0d0 c1t13d0 # zpool list tank NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE CAP HEALTH ALTROOT tank 8.44G 91.5K 8.44G 0% ONLINE - # zpool online -e tank c1t13d0 # zpool list tank NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE CAP HEALTH ALTROOT tank 16.8G 90K 16.8G 0% ONLINE -
Additional device replacement enhancements in this release include the following features:
In previous releases, ZFS was not able to replace an existing disk with another disk or attach a disk if the replacement disk was a slightly different size. In this release, you can replace an existing disk with another disk or attach a new disk that is nominally the same size provided that the pool is not already full.
In this release, you do not need to reboot the system or export and import a pool to expand a LUN. As described above, you can enable the autoexpand property or use the zpool online -e command to expand the full size of a LUN.
For more information about replacing devices, see Replacing Devices in a Storage Pool.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: In previous Solaris releases, you could apply quotas and reservations to ZFS file systems to manage and reserve disk space.
In this Solaris release, you can set a quota on the amount of disk space consumed by files that are owned by a particular user or group. You might consider setting user and group quotas in an environment with a large number of users or groups.
You can set a user quota by using the zfs userquota property. To set a group quota, use the zfs groupquota property. For example:
# zfs set userquota@user1=5G tank/data # zfs set groupquota@staff=10G tank/staff/admins
You can display a user's or a group's current quota setting as follows:
# zfs get userquota@user1 tank/data NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE tank/data userquota@user1 5G local # zfs get groupquota@staff tank/staff/admins NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE tank/staff/admins groupquota@staff 10G local
Display general quota information as follows:
# zfs userspace tank/data TYPE NAME USED QUOTA POSIX User root 3K none POSIX User user1 0 5G
# zfs groupspace tank/staff/admins TYPE NAME USED QUOTA POSIX Group root 3K none POSIX Group staff 0 10G
You can display an individual user's disk space usage by viewing the userused@user property. A group's disk space usage can be viewed by using the groupused@group property. For example:
# zfs get userused@user1 tank/staff NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE tank/staff userused@user1 213M local # zfs get groupused@staff tank/staff NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE tank/staff groupused@staff 213M local
For more information about setting user quotas, see Setting ZFS Quotas and Reservations.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: In previous Solaris releases, you could apply ACL inheritance so that all files are created with 0664 or 0666 permissions. In this release, if you want to optionally include the execute bit from the file creation mode into the inherited ACL, you can set the aclinherit mode to pass the execute permission to the inherited ACL.
If aclinherit=passthrough-x is enabled on a ZFS dataset, you can include execute permission for an output file that is generated from cc or gcc compiler tools. If the inherited ACL does not include execute permission, then the executable output from the compiler won't be executable until you use the chmod command to change the file's permissions.
For more information, see Example 8-13.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: This release includes the Time Slider snapshot tool. This tool automatically snapshots ZFS file systems and allows you to browse and recover snapshots of file systems. For more information, see Managing Automatic ZFS Snapshots.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: The following ZFS file system enhancements are included in these releases.
Setting ZFS Security Labels – The mlslabel property is a sensitivity label that determines if a dataset can be mounted in a Trusted Extensions labeled-zone. The default is none. The mlslabel property can be modified only when Trusted Extensions is enabled and only with the appropriate privilege.
ZFS Snapshot Stream Property Enhancements – You can set a received property that is different from its local property setting. For example, you might receive a stream with the compression property disabled, but you want compression enabled in the receiving file system. This means that the received stream has a received compression value of off and a local compression value of on. Since the local value overrides the received value, you don't have to worry about the setting on the sending side replacing the received side value. The zfs get command shows the effective value of the compression property under the VALUE column.
New ZFS command options and properties to support send and local property values are as follows:
Use the zfs inherit -S to revert a local property value to the received value, if any. If a property does not have a received value, the behavior of the zfs inherit -S command is the same as the zfs inherit command without the -S option. If the property does have a received value, the zfs inherit command masks the received value with the inherited value until issuing a zfs inherit -S command reverts it to the received value.
You can use the zfs get -o to include the new non-default RECEIVED column. Or, use the zfs get -o all command to include all columns, including RECEIVED.
You can use the zfs send -p option to include properties in the send stream without the -R option.
In addition, you can use the zfs send -e option to use the last element of the sent snapshot name to determine the new snapshot name. The following example sends the poola/bee/cee@1 snapshot to the poold/eee file system and only uses the last element (cee@1) of the snapshot name to create the received file system and snapshot.
# zfs list -rt all poola NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT poola 134K 134G 23K /poola poola/bee 44K 134G 23K /poola/bee poola/bee/cee 21K 134G 21K /poola/bee/cee poola/bee/cee@1 0 - 21K - # zfs send -R poola/bee/cee@1 | zfs receive -e poold/eee # zfs list -rt all poold NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT poold 134K 134G 23K /poold poold/eee 44K 134G 23K /poold/eee poold/eee/cee 21K 134G 21K /poold/eee/cee poold/eee/cee@1 0 - 21K -
Setting ZFS file system properties at pool creation time – You can set ZFS file system properties when a storage pool is created. In the following example, compression is enabled on the ZFS file system that is created when the pool is created:
# zpool create -O compression=on pool mirror c0t1d0 c0t2d0
Setting cache properties on a ZFS file system – Two new ZFS file system properties enable you to control what is cached in the primary cache (ARC) and the secondary cache (L2ARC). The cache properties are set as follows:
primarycache – Controls what is cached in the ARC.
secondarycache – Controls what is cached in the L2ARC.
Possible values for both properties – all, none, and metadata. If set to all, both user data and metadata are cached. If set to none, neither user data nor metadata is cached. If set to metadata, only metadata is cached. The default is all.
You can set these properties on an existing file system or when a file system is created. For example:
# zfs set primarycache=metadata tank/datab # zfs create -o primarycache=metadata tank/newdatab
When these properties are set on existing file systems, only new I/O is cache based on the values of these properties.
Some database environments might benefit from not caching user data. You must determine if setting cache properties is appropriate for your environment.
Viewing disk space accounting properties – New read-only file system properties help you identify disk space usage for clones, file systems, and volumes, and snapshots. The properties are as follows:
usedbychildren – Identifies the amount of disk space that is used by children of this dataset, which would be freed if all the dataset's children were destroyed. The property abbreviation is usedchild.
usedbydataset – Identifies the amount of disk space that is used by this dataset itself, which would be freed if the dataset was destroyed, after first destroying any snapshots and removing any refreservation. The property abbreviation is usedds.
usedbyrefreservation – Identifies the amount of disk space that is used by a refreservation set on this dataset, which would be freed if the refreservation was removed. The property abbreviation is usedrefreserv.
usedbysnapshots – Identifies the amount of disk space that is consumed by snapshots of this dataset, which would be freed if all of this dataset's snapshots were destroyed. Note that this is not the sum of the snapshots' used properties, because disk space can be shared by multiple snapshots. The property abbreviation is usedsnap.
These new properties break down the value of the used property into the various elements that consume disk space. In particular, the value of the used property breaks down as follows:
used property = usedbychildren + usedbydataset + usedbyrefreservation + usedbysnapshots
You can view these properties by using the zfs list -o space command. For example:
$ zfs list -o space NAME AVAIL USED USEDSNAP USEDDS USEDREFRESERV USEDCHILD rpool 25.4G 7.79G 0 64K 0 7.79G rpool/ROOT 25.4G 6.29G 0 18K 0 6.29G rpool/ROOT/snv_98 25.4G 6.29G 0 6.29G 0 0 rpool/dump 25.4G 1.00G 0 1.00G 0 0 rpool/export 25.4G 38K 0 20K 0 18K rpool/export/home 25.4G 18K 0 18K 0 0 rpool/swap 25.8G 512M 0 111M 401M 0
The preceding command is equivalent to the zfs list -o name,avail,used,usedsnap,usedds,usedrefreserv,usedchild -t filesystem,volume command.
Listing snapshots – The listsnapshots pool property controls whether snapshot information is displayed by the zfs list command. The default value is off, which means snapshot information is not displayed by default.
You can use the zfs list -t snapshots command to display snapshot information. For example:
# zfs list -t snapshot NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT pool/home@today 16K - 22K - pool/home/user1@today 0 - 18K - pool/home/user2@today 0 - 18K - pool/home/user3@today 0 - 18K -
To display snapshot information by default, set the listsnapshots property. For example:
# zpool get listsnapshots pool NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE pool listsnapshots off default # zpool set listsnaps=on pool # zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT pool 208K 6.71G 19K /pool pool/home 92K 6.71G 22K /pool/home pool/home@today 16K - 22K - pool/home/user1 18K 6.71G 18K /pool/home/user1 pool/home/user1@today 0 - 18K - pool/home/user2 18K 6.71G 18K /pool/home/user2 pool/home/user2@today 0 - 18K - pool/home/user3 18K 6.71G 18K /pool/home/user3 pool/home/user3@today 0 - 18K -
Keep in mind that changing the default listsnapshots setting might cause the zfs list output to run slowly in a pool with many snapshots.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: In this release, ZFS identifies intent log failures in the zpool status command output. Fault Management Architecture (FMA) reports these errors as well. Both ZFS and FMA describe how to recover from an intent log failure.
For example, if the system shuts down abruptly before synchronous write operations are committed to a pool with a separate log device, you see messages similar to the following:
# zpool status -x
pool: pool
state: FAULTED
status: One or more of the intent logs could not be read.
Waiting for adminstrator intervention to fix the faulted pool.
action: Either restore the affected device(s) and run 'zpool online',
or ignore the intent log records by running 'zpool clear'.
scrub: none requested
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
pool FAULTED 0 0 0 bad intent log
mirror ONLINE 0 0 0
c0t1d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c0t4d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
logs FAULTED 0 0 0 bad intent log
c0t5d0 UNAVAIL 0 0 0 cannot open
You can resolve the log device failure in the following ways:
Replace or recover the log device. In this example, the log device is c0t5d0.
Bring the log device back online.
# zpool online pool c0t5d0
Reset the failed log device error condition.
# zpool clear pool
To recover from this error without replacing the failed log device, you can clear the error with the zpool clear command. In this scenario, the pool will operate in a degraded mode and the log records will be written to the main pool until the separate log device is replaced.
Consider using mirrored log devices to avoid the log device failure scenario.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: This release provides the ability to apply NFSv4–style ACLs in sets, rather than apply different ACL permissions individually. The following ACL sets are provided:
full_set = all permissions
modify_set = all permissions except write_acl and write_owner
read_set = read_data, read_attributes, read_xattr, and read_acl
write_set = write_data, append_data, write_attributes, and write_xattr
These ACL sets are prefined and cannot be modified.
For more information about using ACL sets, see Example 8-5.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: In this release, when you create a pool, you can specify cache devices, which are used to cache storage pool data.
Cache devices provide an additional layer of caching between main memory and disk. Using cache devices provides the greatest performance improvement for random-read workloads of mostly static content.
One or more cache devices can be specified when the pool is created. For example:
# zpool create pool mirror c0t2d0 c0t4d0 cache c0t0d0
# zpool status pool
pool: pool
state: ONLINE
scrub: none requested
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
pool ONLINE 0 0 0
mirror ONLINE 0 0 0
c0t2d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c0t4d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
cache
c0t0d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
errors: No known data errors
After cache devices are added, they gradually fill with content from main memory. Depending on the size of your cache device, it could take over an hour for the device to fill. Capacity and reads can be monitored by using the zpool iostat command as follows:
# zpool iostat -v pool 5
Cache devices can be added or removed from a pool after the pool is created.
For more information, see Creating a ZFS Storage Pool With Cache Devices and Example 4-4.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: This Oracle Solaris release uses a ZFS root file system by default. For more information about managing root pool components, see Chapter 5, Managing ZFS Root Pool Components.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: This release enables you to roll back a dataset without unmounting it first. Thus, the zfs rollback -f option is no longer needed to force an unmount operation. The -f option is no longer supported and is ignored, if specified.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: This release includes the following enhancements to the zfs send command. Using this command, you can now perform the following tasks:
Send all incremental streams from one snapshot to a cumulative snapshot. For example:
# zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT pool 428K 16.5G 20K /pool pool/fs 71K 16.5G 21K /pool/fs pool/fs@snapA 16K - 18.5K - pool/fs@snapB 17K - 20K - pool/fs@snapC 17K - 20.5K - pool/fs@snapD 0 - 21K - # zfs send -I pool/fs@snapA pool/fs@snapD > /snaps/fs@combo
This syntax sends all incremental snapshots between fs@snapA to fs@snapD to fs@combo.
Send an incremental stream from the original snapshot to create a clone. T he original snapshot must already exist on the receiving side to accept the incremental stream. For example:
# zfs send -I pool/fs@snap1 pool/clone@snapA > /snaps/fsclonesnap-I . . # zfs receive -F pool/clone < /snaps/fsclonesnap-I
Send a replication stream of all descendent file systems, up to the named snapshots. When received, all properties, snapshots, descendent file systems, and clones are preserved. For example:
# zfs send -R pool/fs@snap > snaps/fs-R
For an extended example, see Example 7-1.
Send an incremental replication stream. For example:
# zfs send -R -[iI] @snapA pool/fs@snapD
For an extended example, see Example 7-1.
For more information, see Sending and Receiving Complex ZFS Snapshot Streams.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: In addition to the existing ZFS quota and reservation features, this release includes dataset quotas and reservations that do not include descendents, such as snapshots and clones, in the disk space accounting.
The refquota property enforces a hard limit on the amount of disk space that a dataset can consume. This hard limit does not include disk space used by descendents, such as snapshots and clones.
The refreservation property sets the minimum amount of disk space that is guaranteed for a dataset, not including its descendents.
For example, you can set a 10-GB refquota limit for studentA that sets a 10-GB hard limit of referenced disk space. For additional flexibility, you can set a 20-GB quota that enables you to manage studentA's snapshots.
# zfs set refquota=10g tank/studentA # zfs set quota=20g tank/studentA
For more information, see Setting ZFS Quotas and Reservations.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: This release provides support for the Solaris Common Internet File System (CIFS) service. This product provides the ability to share files between Solaris and Windows or MacOS systems.
To facilitate sharing files between these systems by using the Solaris CIFS service, the following new ZFS properties are provided:
Case sensitivity support (casesensitivity)
Non-blocking mandatory locks (nbmand)
SMB share support (sharesmb)
Unicode normalization support (normalization)
UTF-8 character set support (utf8only)
Currently, the sharesmb property is available to share ZFS files in the Solaris CIFS environment. More ZFS CIFS-related properties will be available in an upcoming release. For information about using the sharesmb property, see Sharing and Unsharing ZFS File Systems.
In addition to the ZFS properties added for supporting the Solaris CIFS software product, the vscan property is available for scanning ZFS files if you have a 3rd-party virus scanning engine.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: ZFS storage pool properties were introduced in an earlier release. This release provides two properties, cachefile and failmode.
The following describes the new storage pool properties in this release:
The cachefile property – Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120 This property controls where pool configuration information is cached. All pools in the cache are automatically imported when the system boots. However, installation and clustering environments might require this information to be cached in a different location so that pools are not automatically imported.
You can set this property to cache pool configuration in a different location that can be imported later by using the zpool import -c command. For most ZFS configurations, this property would not be used.
The cachefile property is not persistent and is not stored on disk. This property replaces the temporary property that was used to indicate that pool information should not be cached in previous Solaris releases.
The failmode property – This property determines the behavior of a catastrophic pool failure due to a loss of device connectivity or the failure of all devices in the pool. The failmode property can be set to these values: wait, continue, or panic. The default value is wait, which means you must reconnect the device or replace a failed device, and then clear the error with the zpool clear command.
The failmode property is set like other settable ZFS properties, which can be set either before or after the pool is created. For example:
# zpool set failmode=continue tank # zpool get failmode tank NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE tank failmode continue local
# zpool create -o failmode=continue users mirror c0t1d0 c1t1d0
For a description of pool properties, see Table 4-1.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: In this Solaris release, NFSv4 mount enhancements are provided to make ZFS file systems more accessible to NFS clients.
When file systems are created on the NFS server, the NFS client can automatically discover these newly created file systems within their existing mount of a parent file system.
For example, if the server neo already shares the tank file system and client zee has it mounted, /tank/baz is automatically visible on the client after it is created on the server.
zee# mount neo:/tank /mnt zee# ls /mnt baa bar neo# zfs create tank/baz zee% ls /mnt baa bar baz zee% ls /mnt/baz file1 file2
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: The zpool history command has been enhanced to provide the following new features:
ZFS file system event information is now displayed. For example:
# zpool history History for 'rpool': 2010-06-23.09:30:12 zpool create -f -o failmode=continue -R /a -m legacy -o cachefile=/tmp/root/etc/zfs/zpool.cache rpool c1t0d0s0 2010-06-23.09:30:13 zfs set canmount=noauto rpool 2010-06-23.09:30:13 zfs set mountpoint=/rpool rpool 2010-06-23.09:30:13 zfs create -o mountpoint=legacy rpool/ROOT 2010-06-23.09:30:14 zfs create -b 8192 -V 2048m rpool/swap 2010-06-23.09:30:14 zfs create -b 131072 -V 1024m rpool/dump 2010-06-23.09:30:15 zfs create -o canmount=noauto rpool/ROOT/zfsBE 2010-06-23.09:30:16 zpool set bootfs=rpool/ROOT/zfsBE rpool 2010-06-23.09:30:16 zfs set mountpoint=/ rpool/ROOT/zfsBE 2010-06-23.09:30:16 zfs set canmount=on rpool 2010-06-23.09:30:16 zfs create -o mountpoint=/export rpool/export 2010-06-23.09:30:17 zfs create rpool/export/home
The -l option can be used to display a long format that includes the user name, the host name, and the zone in which the operation was performed. For example:
# zpool history -l rpool History for 'tank': 2010-06-24.13:07:58 zpool create tank mirror c2t2d0 c2t5d0 [user root on neo:global] 2010-06-24.13:08:23 zpool scrub tank [user root on neo:global] 2010-06-24.13:38:42 zpool clear tank [user root on neo:global] 2010-06-29.11:44:18 zfs create tank/home [user root on neo:global] 2010-06-29.13:28:51 zpool clear tank c2t5d0 [user root on neo:global] 2010-06-30.14:07:40 zpool add tank spare c2t1d0 [user root on neo:global
The -i option can be used to display internal event information for diagnostic purposes. For example:
# zpool history -i tank History for 'tank': 2010-06-24.13:07:58 zpool create tank mirror c2t2d0 c2t5d0 2010-06-24.13:08:23 [internal pool scrub txg:6] func=1 mintxg=0 maxtxg=6 2010-06-24.13:08:23 [internal pool create txg:6] pool spa 22; zfs spa 22; zpl 4; uts neo 5.10 Generic_142909-13 sun4u 2010-06-24.13:08:23 [internal pool scrub done txg:6] complete=1 2010-06-24.13:08:23 zpool scrub tank 2010-06-24.13:38:42 zpool clear tank 2010-06-24.13:38:42 [internal pool scrub txg:69] func=1 mintxg=3 maxtxg=8 2010-06-24.13:38:42 [internal pool scrub done txg:69] complete=1 2010-06-29.11:44:18 [internal create txg:14241] dataset = 34 2010-06-29.11:44:18 zfs create tank/home 2010-06-29.13:28:51 zpool clear tank c2t5d0 2010-06-30.14:07:40 zpool add tank spare c2t1d0
For more information about using the zpool history command, see Resolving Problems With ZFS.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: The zfs upgrade command is included in this release to provide future ZFS file system enhancements to existing file systems. ZFS storage pools have a similar upgrade feature to provide pool enhancements to existing storage pools.
For example:
# zfs upgrade This system is currently running ZFS filesystem version 3. All filesystems are formatted with the current version.
Note - File systems that are upgraded and any streams created from those upgraded file systems by the zfs send command are not accessible on systems that are running older software releases.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: In this release, you can grant fine-grained permissions to allow nonprivileged users to perform ZFS administration tasks.
You can use the zfs allow and zfs unallow commands to delegate and remove permissions.
You can modify delegated administration with the pool's delegation property. For example:
# zpool get delegation users NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE users delegation on default # zpool set delegation=off users # zpool get delegation users NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE users delegation off local
By default, the delegation property is enabled.
For more information, see Chapter 9, Oracle Solaris ZFS Delegated Administration and zfs(1M).
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: The ZFS intent log (ZIL) is provided to satisfy POSIX requirements for synchronous transactions. For example, databases often require their transactions to be on stable storage devices when returning from a system call. NFS and other applications can also use fsync() to ensure data stability. By default, the ZIL is allocated from blocks within the main storage pool. In this Solaris release, you can decide if you want the ZIL blocks to continue to be allocated from the main storage pool or from a separate log device. Better performance might be possible by using separate intent log devices in your ZFS storage pool, such as with NVRAM or a dedicated disk.
Log devices for the ZFS intent log are not related to database log files.
You can set up a ZFS log device when the storage pool is created or after the pool is created. For examples of setting up log devices, see Creating a ZFS Storage Pool With Log Devices and Adding Devices to a Storage Pool.
You can attach a log device to an existing log device to create a mirrored log device. This operation is identical to attaching a device in a unmirrored storage pool.
Consider the following points when determining whether setting up a ZFS log device is appropriate for your environment:
Any performance improvement seen by implementing a separate log device depends on the device type, the hardware configuration of the pool, and the application workload. For preliminary performance information, see this blog:
Log devices can be unreplicated or mirrored, but RAID-Z is not supported for log devices.
If a separate log device is not mirrored and the device that contains the log fails, storing log blocks reverts to the storage pool.
Log devices can be added, replaced, removed, attached, detached, imported, and exported as part of the larger storage pool.
The minimum size of a log device is the same as the minimum size of each device in a pool, which is 64 MB. The amount of in-play data that might be stored on a log device is relatively small. Log blocks are freed when the log transaction (system call) is committed.
The maximum size of a log device should be approximately 1/2 the size of physical memory because that is the maximum amount of potential in-play data that can be stored. For example, if a system has 16 GB of physical memory, consider a maximum log device size of 8 GB.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: You can use the -p option with the zfs create, zfs clone, and zfs rename commands to quickly create a non-existent intermediate dataset, if it doesn't already exist.
In the following example, ZFS datasets (users/area51) are created in the datab storage pool.
# zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT datab 106K 16.5G 18K /datab # zfs create -p -o compression=on datab/users/area51
If the intermediate dataset already exists during the create operation, the operation completes successfully.
Properties specified apply to the target dataset, not to the intermediate dataset. For example:
# zfs get mountpoint,compression datab/users/area51 NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE datab/users/area51 mountpoint /datab/users/area51 default datab/users/area51 compression on local
The intermediate dataset is created with the default mount point. Any additional properties are disabled for the intermediate dataset. For example:
# zfs get mountpoint,compression datab/users NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE datab/users mountpoint /datab/users default datab/users compression off default
For more information, see zfs(1M).
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: In this release, ZFS more effectively responds to devices that are removed and can now automatically identify devices that are inserted.
You can replace an existing device with an equivalent device without having to use the zpool replace command.
The autoreplace property controls automatic device replacement. If set to off, device replacement must be initiated by the administrator by using the zpool replace command. If set to on, any new device that is found in the same physical location as a device that previously belonged to the pool is automatically formatted and replaced. The default behavior is off.
The storage pool state REMOVED is provided when a device or hot spare has been physically removed while the system was running. A hot spare device is substituted for the removed device, if available.
If a device is removed and then reinserted, the device is placed online. If a hot spare was activated when the device was reinserted, the hot spare is removed when the online operation completes.
Automatic detection when devices are removed or inserted is hardware-dependent and might not be supported on all platforms. For example, USB devices are automatically configured upon insertion. However, you might have to use the cfgadm -c configure command to configure a SATA drive.
Hot spares are checked periodically to ensure that they are online and available.
For more information, see zpool(1M).
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: You can recursively rename all descendent ZFS snapshots by using the zfs rename -r command. For example:
First, a snapshot of a set of ZFS file systems is created.
# zfs snapshot -r users/home@today # zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT users 216K 16.5G 20K /users users/home 76K 16.5G 22K /users/home users/home@today 0 - 22K - users/home/markm 18K 16.5G 18K /users/home/markm users/home/markm@today 0 - 18K - users/home/marks 18K 16.5G 18K /users/home/marks users/home/marks@today 0 - 18K - users/home/neil 18K 16.5G 18K /users/home/neil users/home/neil@today 0 - 18K -
Then, the snapshots are renamed the following day.
# zfs rename -r users/home@today @yesterday # zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT users 216K 16.5G 20K /users users/home 76K 16.5G 22K /users/home users/home@yesterday 0 - 22K - users/home/markm 18K 16.5G 18K /users/home/markm users/home/markm@yesterday 0 - 18K - users/home/marks 18K 16.5G 18K /users/home/marks users/home/marks@yesterday 0 - 18K - users/home/neil 18K 16.5G 18K /users/home/neil users/home/neil@yesterday 0 - 18K -
A snapshot is the only type of dataset that can be renamed recursively.
For more information about snapshots, see Overview of ZFS Snapshots and this blog entry that describes how to create rolling snapshots:
http://blogs.sun.com/mmusante/entry/rolling_snapshots_made_easy
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: In this Solaris release, you can set gzip compression on ZFS file systems, in addition to lzjb compression. You can specify compression as gzip, or gzip-N, where N equals 1 through 9. For example:
# zfs create -o compression=gzip users/home/snapshots # zfs get compression users/home/snapshots NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE users/home/snapshots compression gzip local # zfs create -o compression=gzip-9 users/home/oldfiles # zfs get compression users/home/oldfiles NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE users/home/oldfiles compression gzip-9 local
For more information about setting ZFS properties, see Setting ZFS Properties.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: As a reliability feature, ZFS file system metadata is automatically stored multiple times across different disks, if possible. This feature is known as ditto blocks.
In this Solaris release, you can also store multiple copies of user data is also stored per file system by using the zfs set copies command. For example:
# zfs set copies=2 users/home # zfs get copies users/home NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE users/home copies 2 local
Available values are 1, 2, or 3. The default value is 1. These copies are in addition to any pool-level redundancy, such as in a mirrored or RAID-Z configuration.
The benefits of storing multiple copies of ZFS user data are as follows:
Improves data retention by enabling recovery from unrecoverable block read faults, such as media faults (commonly known as bit rot) for all ZFS configurations.
Provides data protection, even when only a single disk is available.
Enables you to select data protection policies on a per-file system basis, beyond the capabilities of the storage pool.
Note - Depending on the allocation of the ditto blocks in the storage pool, multiple copies might be placed on a single disk. A subsequent full disk failure might cause all ditto blocks to be unavailable.
You might consider using ditto blocks when you accidentally create a non-redundant pool and when you need to set data retention policies.
For a detailed description of how storing multiple copies on a system with a single-disk pool or a multiple-disk pool might impact overall data protection, see this blog:
http://blogs.sun.com/relling/entry/zfs_copies_and_data_protection
For more information about setting ZFS properties, see Setting ZFS Properties.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: You can use the zpool status -v command to display a list of files with persistent errors. Previously, you had to use the find -inum command to identify the file names from the list of displayed inodes.
For more information about displaying a list of files with persistent errors, see Repairing a Corrupted File or Directory.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: In this Solaris release, you can create a ZFS volume as a Solaris iSCSI target device by setting the shareiscsi property on the ZFS volume. This method is a convenient way to quickly set up a Solaris iSCSI target. For example:
# zfs create -V 2g tank/volumes/v2
# zfs set shareiscsi=on tank/volumes/v2
# iscsitadm list target
Target: tank/volumes/v2
iSCSI Name: iqn.1986-03.com.sun:02:984fe301-c412-ccc1-cc80-cf9a72aa062a
Connections: 0
After the iSCSI target is created, you can set up the iSCSI initiator. For information about setting up a Solaris iSCSI initiator, see Chapter 14, Configuring iSCSI Storage Devices With COMSTAR, in System Administration Guide: Devices and File Systems.
For more information about managing a ZFS volume as an iSCSI target, see Using a ZFS Volume as a Solaris iSCSI LUN.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: In this Solaris release, the process of sharing file systems has been improved. Although modifying system configuration files, such as /etc/dfs/dfstab, is unnecessary for sharing ZFS file systems, you can use the sharemgr command to manage ZFS share properties. The sharemgr command enables you to set and manage share properties on share groups. ZFS shares are automatically designated in the zfs share group.
As in previous releases, you can set the ZFS sharenfs property on a ZFS file system to share a ZFS file system. For example:
# zfs set sharenfs=on tank/home
Or, you can use the new sharemgr add-share subcommand to share a ZFS file system in the zfs share group. For example:
# sharemgr add-share -s tank/data zfs
# sharemgr show -vp zfs
zfs nfs=()
zfs/tank/data
/tank/data
/tank/data/1
/tank/data/2
/tank/data/3
Then, you can use the sharemgr command to manage ZFS shares. The following example shows how to use sharemgr to set the nosuid property on the shared ZFS file systems. You must preface ZFS share paths with a /zfs designation.
# sharemgr set -P nfs -p nosuid=true zfs/tank/data
# sharemgr show -vp zfs
zfs nfs=()
zfs/tank/data nfs=(nosuid="true")
/tank/data
/tank/data/1
/tank/data/2
/tank/data/3
For more information, see sharemgr(1M).
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: In this Solaris release, ZFS automatically logs successful zfs and zpool commands that modify pool state information. For example:
# zpool history History for 'newpool': 2007-04-25.11:37:31 zpool create newpool mirror c0t8d0 c0t10d0 2007-04-25.11:37:46 zpool replace newpool c0t10d0 c0t9d0 2007-04-25.11:38:04 zpool attach newpool c0t9d0 c0t11d0 2007-04-25.11:38:09 zfs create newpool/user1 2007-04-25.11:38:15 zfs destroy newpool/user1 History for 'tank': 2007-04-25.11:46:28 zpool create tank mirror c1t0d0 c2t0d0 mirror c3t0d0 c4t0d0
This features enables you or Oracle support personnel to identify the actual ZFS commands that were executed to troubleshoot an error scenario.
You can identify a specific storage pool with the zpool history command. For example:
# zpool history newpool History for 'newpool': 2007-04-25.11:37:31 zpool create newpool mirror c0t8d0 c0t10d0 2007-04-25.11:37:46 zpool replace newpool c0t10d0 c0t9d0 2007-04-25.11:38:04 zpool attach newpool c0t9d0 c0t11d0 2007-04-25.11:38:09 zfs create newpool/user1 2007-04-25.11:38:15 zfs destroy newpool/user1
In this Solaris release, the zpool history command does not record user-ID, hostname, or zone-name. For more information, see ZFS Command History Enhancements (zpool history).
For more information about troubleshooting ZFS problems, see Resolving Problems With ZFS.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: You can use the xattr property to disable or enable extended attributes for a specific ZFS file system. The default value is on. For a description of ZFS properties, see Introducing ZFS Properties.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: The new canmount property enables you to specify whether a dataset can be mounted by using the zfs mount command. For more information, see The canmount Property.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: In addition to the standard native properties that can be used to either export internal statistics or control ZFS file system behavior, ZFS provides user properties. User properties have no effect on ZFS behavior, but you can use them to annotate datasets with information that is meaningful in your environment.
For more information, see ZFS User Properties.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: In this Solaris release, you can set properties when you create a file system, not just after the file system is created.
The following examples illustrate equivalent syntax:
# zfs create tank/home # zfs set mountpoint=/export/zfs tank/home # zfs set sharenfs=on tank/home # zfs set compression=on tank/home
# zfs create -o mountpoint=/export/zfs -o sharenfs=on -o compression=on tank/home
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: In this Solaris release, you can use various forms of the zfs get command to display information about all datasets if you do not specify a dataset or if you specify all. In previous releases, all dataset information was not retreivable with the zfs get command.
For example:
# zfs get -s local all tank/home atime off local tank/home/bonwick atime off local tank/home/marks quota 50G local
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: In this Solaris release, you can use the new -F option to the zfs receive command to force a rollback of the file system to the most recent snapshot before the receive is initiated. Using this option might be necessary when the file system is modified after a rollback occurs but before the receive is initiated.
For more information, see Receiving a ZFS Snapshot.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: When you use the zfs snapshot command to create a file system snapshot, you can use the -r option to recursively create snapshots for all descendent file systems. In addition, you can use the -r option to recursively destroy all descendent snapshots when a snapshot is destroyed.
Recursive ZFS snapshots are created quickly as one atomic operation. The snapshots are created together (all at once) or not created at all. The benefit of such an operation is that the snapshot data is always taken at one consistent time, even across descendent file systems.
For more information, see Creating and Destroying ZFS Snapshots.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: A redundant RAID-Z configuration can now have either a single- or double-parity configuration, which means that one or two device failures, respectively, can be sustained, without any data loss. You can specify the raidz2 keyword for a double-parity RAID-Z configuration. Or, you can specify the raidz or raidz1 keyword for a single-parity RAID-Z configuration.
For more information, see Creating a RAID-Z Storage Pool or zpool(1M).
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: The ZFS hot spares feature enables you to identify disks that could be used to replace a failed or faulted device in one or more storage pools. Designating a device as a hot spare means that if an active device in the pool fails, the hot spare automatically replaces the failed device. Or, you can manually replace a device in a storage pool with a hot spare.
For more information, see Designating Hot Spares in Your Storage Pool and zpool(1M).
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: The zfs promote command enables you to replace an existing ZFS file system with a clone of that file system. This feature is helpful when you want to run tests on an alternative version of a file system and then make that alternative version the active file system.
For more information, see Replacing a ZFS File System With a ZFS Clone and zfs(1M).
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: You can upgrade your storage pools to a newer version of ZFS to take advantage of the latest features by using the zpool upgrade command. In addition, the zpool status command has been modified to notify you when your pools are running older versions of ZFS.
For more information, see Upgrading ZFS Storage Pools and zpool(1M).
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: When the source zonepath and the target zonepath both reside on ZFS and are in the same pool, zoneadm clone now automatically uses the ZFS clone feature to clone a zone. This enhancement means that zoneadm clone will take a ZFS snapshot of the source zonepath and set up the target zonepath. The snapshot is named SUNWzoneX, where X is a unique ID used to distinguish between multiple snapshots. The destination zone's zonepath is used to name the ZFS clone. A software inventory is performed so that a snapshot used at a future time can be validated by the system. Note that you can still specify that the ZFS zonepath be copied instead of the ZFS clone, if desired.
To clone a source zone multiple times, a new parameter added to zoneadm allows you to specify that an existing snapshot should be used. The system validates that the existing snapshot is usable on the target. Additionally, the zone install process now has the capability to detect when a ZFS file system can be created for a zone, and the uninstall process can detect when a ZFS file system in a zone can be destroyed. These steps are then performed automatically by the zoneadm command.
Keep the following points in mind when using ZFS on a system with Solaris containers installed:
Do not use the ZFS snapshot features to clone a zone
You can delegate or add a ZFS file system to a non-global zone. For more information, see Adding ZFS File Systems to a Non-Global Zone or Delegating Datasets to a Non-Global Zone.
For more information, see System Administration Guide: Oracle Solaris Zones, Oracle Solaris 10 Containers, and Resource Management.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: In this Solaris release, the zfs backup and zfs restore commands are renamed to zfs send and zfs receive to more accurately describe their functions. These commands send and receive ZFS data stream representations.
For more information about these commands, see Sending and Receiving ZFS Data.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: This release includes the zpool import -D command, which enables you to recover pools that were previously destroyed with the zpool destroy command.
For more information, see Recovering Destroyed ZFS Storage Pools.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: This release includes a ZFS diagnostic engine that is capable of diagnosing and reporting pool failures and device failures. Checksum, I/O, device, and pool errors associated with pool or device failures are also reported.
The diagnostic engine does not include predictive analysis of checksum and I/O errors, nor does it include proactive actions based on fault analysis.
If a ZFS failure occurs, you might see a message similar to the following:
SUNW-MSG-ID: ZFS-8000-D3, TYPE: Fault, VER: 1, SEVERITY: Major EVENT-TIME: Wed Jun 30 14:53:39 MDT 2010 PLATFORM: SUNW,Sun-Fire-880, CSN: -, HOSTNAME: neo SOURCE: zfs-diagnosis, REV: 1.0 EVENT-ID: 504a1188-b270-4ab0-af4e-8a77680576b8 DESC: A ZFS device failed. Refer to http://sun.com/msg/ZFS-8000-D3 for more information. AUTO-RESPONSE: No automated response will occur. IMPACT: Fault tolerance of the pool may be compromised. REC-ACTION: Run 'zpool status -x' and replace the bad device.
By reviewing the recommended action, which is to follow the more specific directions in the zpool status command, you can quickly identify and resolve the failure.
For an example of recovering from a reported ZFS problem, see Resolving a Missing Device.
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: This release includes the zpool clear command for clearing error counts associated with a device or a pool. Previously, error counts were cleared when a device in a pool was brought online with the zpool online command. For more information, see Clearing Storage Pool Device Errors and zpool(1M).
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: In this release, you can set and display NFSv4 ACLs in two formats: verbose and compact. You can use the chmod command to set either ACL formats. You can use the ls -V command to display the compact ACL format. You can use the ls -v command to display the verbose ACL format.
For more information, see Setting and Displaying ACLs on ZFS Files in Compact Format, chmod(1), and ls(1).
Oracle Solaris 11 Express, build 120: A new file system monitoring tool, fsstat, reports file system operations. Activity can be reported by mount point or by file system type. The following example shows general ZFS file system activity:
$ fsstat zfs new name name attr attr lookup rddir read read write write file remov chng get set ops ops ops bytes ops bytes 7.82M 5.92M 2.76M 1.02G 3.32M 5.60G 87.0M 363M 1.86T 20.9M 251G zfs
For more information, see fsstat(1M).
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