Version 1.1.2, June 1999
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Contents
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Preface
1 Introduction to Java 3D
- 1.1 Goals
- 1.2 Programming Paradigm
- 1.2.1 The Scene Graph Programming Model
- 1.2.2 Rendering Modes
- 1.2.3 Extensibility
- 1.3 High Performance
- 1.3.1 Layered Implementation
- 1.3.2 Target Hardware Platforms
- 1.4 Support for Building Applications and Applets
- 1.4.1 Browsers
- 1.4.2 Games
- 1.5 Overview of Java 3D Object Hierarchy
- 1.6 Structuring the Java 3D Program
- 1.6.1 Java 3D Application Scene Graph
- 1.6.2 Recipe for a Java 3D Program
- 1.6.3 HelloUniverse: A Sample Java 3D Program
2 Scene Graph Basics
- 2.1 Scene Graph Structure
- 2.1.1 Spatial Separation
- 2.1.2 State Inheritance
- 2.1.3 Rendering
- 2.2 Scene Graph Objects
- 2.2.1 Node Objects
- 2.2.2 NodeComponent Objects
- 2.3 Scene Graph Superstructure Objects
- 2.3.1 VirtualUniverse Object
- 2.3.2 Locale Object
- 2.4 Scene Graph Viewing Objects
- 2.4.1 Canvas3D Object
- 2.4.2 Screen3D Object
- 2.4.3 View Object
- 2.4.4 PhysicalBody Object
- 2.4.5 PhysicalEnvironment Object
3 Scene Graph Superstructure
- 3.1 The Virtual Universe
- 3.2 Establishing a Scene
- 3.3 Loading a Virtual Universe
- 3.4 Coordinate Systems
- 3.5 High-resolution Coordinates
- 3.5.1 Java 3D High-resolution Coordinates
- 3.5.2 Java 3D Virtual World Coordinates
- 3.5.3 Details of High-resolution Coordinates
- 3.6 API for Superstructure Objects
- 3.6.1 VirtualUniverse Object
- 3.6.2 Locale Object
- 3.6.3 HiResCoord Object
4 Group Node Objects
- 4.1 Group Node
- 4.2 BranchGroup Node
- 4.3 TransformGroup Node
- 4.4 OrderedGroup Node
- 4.5 DecalGroup Node
- 4.6 Switch Node
- 4.7 SharedGroup Node
5 Leaf Node Objects
- 5.1 Leaf Node
- 5.2 Shape3D Node
- 5.3 BoundingLeaf Node
- 5.4 Background Node
- 5.5 Clip Node
- 5.6 Fog Node
- 5.6.1 ExponentialFog Node
- 5.6.2 LinearFog Node
- 5.7 Light Node
- 5.7.1 AmbientLight Node
- 5.7.2 DirectionalLight Node
- 5.7.3 PointLight Node
- 5.7.4 SpotLight Node
- 5.8 Sound Node
- 5.8.1 BackgroundSound Node
- 5.8.2 PointSound Node
- 5.8.3 ConeSound Node
- 5.9 Soundscape Node
- 5.10 ViewPlatform Node
- 5.11 Behavior Node
- 5.12 Morph Node
- 5.13 Link Node
6 Reusing Scene Graphs
- 6.1 Sharing Subgraphs
- 6.1.1 SharedGroup Node
- 6.1.2 Link Leaf Node
- 6.2 Cloning Subgraphs
- 6.2.1 References to Node Component Objects
- 6.2.2 References to Other Scene Graph Nodes
- 6.2.3 Dangling References
- 6.2.4 Subclassing Nodes
- 6.2.5 NodeReferenceTable Object
- 6.2.6 Example User Behavior Node
7 Node Component Objects
- 7.1 Node Component Objects: Attributes
- 7.1.1 Appearance Object
- 7.1.2 ColoringAttributes Object
- 7.1.3 LineAttributes Object
- 7.1.4 PointAttributes Object
- 7.1.5 PolygonAttributes Object
- 7.1.6 RenderingAttributes Object
- 7.1.7 TextureAttributes Object
- 7.1.8 TransparencyAttributes Object
- 7.1.9 Material Object
- 7.1.10 Texture Object
- 7.1.11 Texture2D Object
- 7.1.12 Texture3D Object
- 7.1.13 TexCoordGeneration Object
- 7.1.14 MediaContainer Object
- 7.1.15 AuralAttributes Object
- 7.1.16 ImageComponent Object
- 7.1.17 ImageComponent2D Object
- 7.1.18 ImageComponent3D Object
- 7.1.19 DepthComponent Object
- 7.1.20 DepthComponentFloat Object
- 7.1.21 DepthComponentInt Object
- 7.1.22 DepthComponentNative Object
- 7.1.23 Bounds Object
- 7.1.24 BoundingBox Object
- 7.1.25 BoundingSphere Object
- 7.1.26 BoundingPolytope Object
- 7.1.27 Transform3D Object
- 7.2 Node Component Objects: Geometry
- 7.2.1 GeometryArray Object
- 7.2.2 PointArray Object
- 7.2.3 LineArray Object
- 7.2.4 TriangleArray Object
- 7.2.5 QuadArray Object
- 7.2.6 GeometryStripArray Object
- 7.2.7 LineStripArray Object
- 7.2.8 TriangleStripArray Object
- 7.2.9 TriangleFanArray Object
- 7.2.10 IndexedGeometryArray Object
- 7.2.11 IndexedPointArray Object
- 7.2.12 IndexedLineArray Object
- 7.2.13 IndexedTriangleArray Object
- 7.2.14 IndexedQuadArray Object
- 7.2.15 IndexedGeometryStripArray Object
- 7.2.16 IndexedLineStripArray Object
- 7.2.17 IndexedTriangleStripArray Object
- 7.2.18 IndexedTriangleFanArray Object
- 7.2.19 CompressedGeometry Object
- 7.2.20 CompressedGeometryHeader Object
- 7.2.21 Raster Object
- 7.2.22 Font3D Object
- 7.2.23 FontExtrusion Object
- 7.2.24 Text3D Geometry Object
- 7.3 Math Component Objects
- 7.3.1 Tuple Objects
- 7.3.2 Matrix Objects
8 View Model
- 8.1 Why a New Model?
- 8.1.1 The Physical Environment Influences the View
- 8.2 Separation of Physical and Virtual
- 8.2.1 The Virtual World
- 8.2.2 The Physical World
- 8.3 The Objects That Define the View
- 8.4 ViewPlatform: A Place in the Virtual World
- 8.4.1 Moving Through the Virtual World
- 8.4.2 Dropping In on a Favorite Place
- 8.4.3 View Attach Policy
- 8.4.4 Associating Geometry with a ViewPlatform
- 8.5 Generating a View
- 8.5.1 Composing Model and Viewing Transformations
- 8.5.2 Multiple Locales
- 8.6 A Minimal Environment
- 8.7 The View Object
- 8.7.1 Projection Policy
- 8.7.2 Clip Policies
- 8.7.3 Projection and Clip Parameters
- 8.7.4 Frame Start Time, Duration, and Number
- 8.7.5 View Traversal and Behavior Scheduling
- 8.7.6 Scene Antialiasing
- 8.7.7 Depth Buffer
- 8.8 The Screen3D Object
- 8.9 The Canvas3D Object
- 8.9.1 Window System-Provided Parameters
- 8.9.2 Other Canvas3D Parameters
- 8.9.3 GraphicsConfig-Temp-late-3D Object
- 8.10 The PhysicalBody Object
- 8.11 The PhysicalEnvironment Object
9 Behaviors and Interpolators
- 9.1 Behavior Object
- 9.1.1 Code Structure
- 9.1.2 WakeupCondition Object
- 9.1.3 WakeupCriterion Object
- 9.1.4 Composing WakeupCriterion Objects
- 9.2 Composing Behaviors
- 9.3 Scheduling
- 9.4 How Java 3D Performs Execution Culling
- 9.5 The Behavior API
- 9.5.1 The Behavior Node
- 9.5.2 WakeupCondition Object
- 9.5.3 The WakeupCriterion Objects
- 9.6 Interpolator Behaviors
- 9.6.1 Mapping Time to Alpha
- 9.6.2 Acceleration of Alpha
- 9.6.3 The Alpha Class
- 9.6.4 The Interpolator Base Class
- 9.6.5 PositionInterpolator Object
- 9.6.6 RotationInterpolator Object
- 9.6.7 ColorInterpolator Objectpl
- 9.6.8 ScaleInterpolator Object
- 9.6.9 SwitchValueInterpolator Object
- 9.6.10 TransparencyInterpolator Object
- 9.6.11 PathInterpolator Object
- 9.6.12 PositionPathInterpolator Object
- 9.6.13 RotPosPathInterpolator Object
- 9.6.14 RotPosScalePathInterpolator Object
- 9.6.15 RotationPathInterpolator Object
- 9.7 Level-of-Detail Behaviors
- 9.7.1 LOD Object
- 9.7.2 DistanceLOD Object
- 9.8 Billboard Behavior
10 Input Devices and Picking
- 10.1 InputDevice Interface
- 10.1.1 The Abstract Interface
- 10.1.2 Instantiating and Registering a New Device
- 10.2 Sensors
- 10.2.1 Using and Assigning Sensors
- 10.2.2 Behind the (Sensor) Scenes
- 10.2.3 The Sensor Object
- 10.2.4 The SensorRead Object
- 10.3 Picking
- 10.3.1 SceneGraphPath Object
- 10.3.2 BranchGroup Node and Locale Node Pick Methods
- 10.3.3 PickShape Object
- 10.3.4 PickBounds Object
- 10.3.5 PickPoint Object
- 10.3.6 PickRay Object
- 10.3.7 PickSegment Object
11 Audio Devices
- 11.1 AudioDevice Interface
- 11.1.1 Initialization
- 11.1.2 Audio Playback
- 11.1.3 Device-Driver-Specific Data
- 11.2 AudioDevice3D Interface
- 11.3 Instantiating and Registering a New Device
12 Execution and Rendering Model
- 12.1 Three Major Rendering Modes
- 12.1.1 Immediate Mode
- 12.1.2 Retained Mode
- 12.1.3 Compiled-retained Mode
- 12.2 Instantiating the Render Loop
- 12.2.1 An Application-level Perspective
- 12.2.2 Retained and Compiled-retained Rendering Modes
13 Immediate-Mode Rendering
- 13.1 Two Styles of Immediate-Mode Rendering
- 13.1.1 Pure Immediate-Mode Rendering
- 13.1.2 Mixed-Mode Rendering
- 13.2 Canvas3D Methods
- 13.3 API for Immediate Mode
- 13.3.1 GraphicsContext3D
A Math Objects
- A.1 Tuple Objects
- A.1.1 Tuple2d Class
- A.1.2 Tuple2f Class
- A.1.3 Tuple3b Class
- A.1.4 Tuple3d Class
- A.1.5 Tuple3f Class
- A.1.6 Tuple4b Class
- A.1.7 Tuple4d Class
- A.1.8 Tuple4f Class
- A.1.9 AxisAngle4d Class
- A.1.10 AxisAngle4f Class
- A.1.11 GVector Class
- A.2 Matrix Objects
- A.2.1 Matrix3f Class
- A.2.2 Matrix3d Class
- A.2.3 Matrix4f Class
- A.2.4 Matrix4d Class
- A.2.5 GMatrix Class
B 3D Geometry Compression
- B.1 Compression
- B.2 Decompression
- B.3 Appendix Organization
- B.4 Generalized Triangle Strip
- B.5 Generalized Triangle Mesh
- B.6 Position Representation and Quantization
- B.7 Color Representation and Quantization
- B.8 Normal Representation and Quantization
- B.8.1 Normals as Indices
- B.8.2 Normal Encoding Parameterization
- B.8.3 Special Warping Rules for Delta Normals
- B.9 Modified Huffman Encoding
- B.10 Compressed Geometry Instructions
- B.11 Bit Layout of Compressed Geometry Instructions
- B.12 Compressed Geometry Instruction Bit Details
- B.12.1 nop
- B.12.2 setState
- B.12.3 setTable
- B.12.4 mbr (meshBufferReference)
- B.12.5 Position Sub-instruction
- B.12.6 Color Sub-instruction
- B.12.7 Normal Sub-instruction
- B.12.8 vertex
- B.12.9 setNormal
- B.12.10 setColor
- B.13 Semantics of Compressed Geometry Instructions
- B.13.1 Header and Body to Variable-Length Instruction
- B.13.2 Variable-Length Instruction to Instruction
- B.13.3 Delta Position to Position
- B.13.4 Delta Color to Color
- B.13.5 Encoded Delta Normal to Encoded Normal
- B.13.6 Encoded Normal to Rectilinear Normal
- B.14 Semantics of Vertices
- B.14.1 Instruction to Vertex
- B.14.2 Vertex to Intermediate Triangle
- B.14.3 Intermediate Triangle to Final Triangle
- B.15 Outline of Geometry Process
- B.15.1 Compressing Geometry Data
- B.15.2 Convert to Generalized Mesh Format
- B.15.3 Position
- B.15.4 Normals
- B.15.5 Colors
- B.15.6 Collect Delta Code Statistics
- B.15.7 Position Delta Code Statistics
- B.15.8 Color Delta Code Statistics
- B.15.9 Normal Delta Code Statistics
- B.15.10 Assign Huffman Tags
- B.15.11 Assemble the Pieces into a Bit Stream
- B.16 Compressed Geometry Assembly Syntax
- B.17 Compressed Geometry Instruction Verifier
C View Model Details
- C.1 An Overview of the Java 3D View Model
- C.2 Physical Environments and Their Effects
- C.2.1 A Head-mounted Example
- C.2.2 A Room-mounted Example
- C.2.3 Impact of Head Position and Orientation on the Camera
- C.3 The Coordinate Systems
- C.3.1 Room-mounted Coordinate Systems
- C.3.2 Head-mounted Coordinate Systems
- C.4 The ViewPlatform Object
- C.5 The View Object
- C.5.1 View Policy
- C.5.2 Screen Scale Policy
- C.5.3 Window Eyepoint Policy
- C.5.4 Monoscopic View Policy
- C.5.5 Sensors and Their Location in the Virtual World
- C.6 The Screen3D Object
- C.6.1 Screen3D Calibration Parameters
- C.6.2 Accessing and Changing Head Tracker Coordinates
- C.7 The Canvas3D Object
- C.7.1 Scene Antialiasing
- C.7.2 Accessing and Modifying an Eye's Image Plate Position
- C.7.3 Canvas Width and Height
- C.8 The PhysicalBody Object
- C.9 The PhysicalEnvironment Object
- C.10 Viewing in Head-tracked Environments
- C.10.1 A Room-mounted Display with Head Tracking
- C.10.2 A Head-mounted Display with Head Tracking
- C.11 Compatibility Mode
- C.11.1 Overview of the Camera-based View Model
- C.11.2 Using the Camera-based View Model
D Exceptions
- D.1 BadTransformException
- D.2 CapabilityNotSetException
- D.3 DanglingReferenceException
- D.4 IllegalRenderingStateException
- D.5 IllegalSharingException
- D.6 MismatchedSizeException
- D.7 MultipleParentException
- D.8 RestrictedAccessException
- D.9 SceneGraphCycleException
- D.10 SingularMatrixException
- D.11 SoundException
E Equations
- E.1 Fog Equations
- E.2 Lighting Equations
- E.3 Sound Equations
- E.3.1 Headphone Playback Equations
- E.3.2 Speaker Playback Equations
- E.4 Texture Mapping Equations
- E.4.1 Texture Lookup
- E.4.2 Texture Application
Glossary
Copyright © 1999, Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.