MySQL 5.6 Reference Manual Including MySQL NDB Cluster 7.3-7.4 Reference Guide
If you specify an ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
clause and a row to be inserted would cause a duplicate value in
a UNIQUE
index or PRIMARY
KEY
, an UPDATE
of the
old row occurs. For example, if column a
is
declared as UNIQUE
and contains the value
1
, the following two statements have similar
effect:
INSERT INTO t1 (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=c+1; UPDATE t1 SET c=c+1 WHERE a=1;
The effects are not quite identical: For an
InnoDB
table where a
is an
auto-increment column, the INSERT
statement
increases the auto-increment value but the
UPDATE
does not.
If column b
is also unique, the
INSERT
is equivalent to this
UPDATE
statement instead:
UPDATE t1 SET c=c+1 WHERE a=1 OR b=2 LIMIT 1;
If a=1 OR b=2
matches several rows, only
one row is updated. In general, you should
try to avoid using an ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
clause on tables with multiple unique indexes.
With ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
, the
affected-rows value per row is 1 if the row is inserted as a new
row, 2 if an existing row is updated, and 0 if an existing row
is set to its current values. If you specify the
CLIENT_FOUND_ROWS
flag to the
mysql_real_connect()
C API
function when connecting to mysqld, the
affected-rows value is 1 (not 0) if an existing row is set to
its current values.
If a table contains an AUTO_INCREMENT
column
and INSERT
... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
inserts or updates a row,
the LAST_INSERT_ID()
function
returns the AUTO_INCREMENT
value.
The ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
clause can
contain multiple column assignments, separated by commas.
In assignment value expressions in the ON DUPLICATE KEY
UPDATE
clause, you can use the
VALUES(
function to refer to column values from the
col_name
)INSERT
portion of the
INSERT ...
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
statement. In other words,
VALUES(
in the col_name
)ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
clause refers
to the value of col_name
that would
be inserted, had no duplicate-key conflict occurred. This
function is especially useful in multiple-row inserts. The
VALUES()
function is meaningful
only in the ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
clause or
INSERT
statements and returns
NULL
otherwise. Example:
INSERT INTO t1 (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3),(4,5,6) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=VALUES(a)+VALUES(b);
That statement is identical to the following two statements:
INSERT INTO t1 (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=3; INSERT INTO t1 (a,b,c) VALUES (4,5,6) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=9;
The DELAYED
option is ignored when you use
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
.
For INSERT
... SELECT
statements, these rules apply regarding
acceptable forms of SELECT
query expressions
that you can refer to in an ON DUPLICATE KEY
UPDATE
clause:
References to columns from queries on a single table, which may be a derived table.
References to columns from queries on a join over multiple tables.
References to columns from DISTINCT
queries.
References to columns in other tables, as long as the
SELECT
does not use
GROUP BY
. One side effect is that you
must qualify references to nonunique column names.
References to columns from a
UNION
do not work reliably. To
work around this restriction, rewrite the
UNION
as a derived table so that
its rows can be treated as a single-table result set. For
example, this statement can produce incorrect results:
INSERT INTO t1 (a, b) SELECT c, d FROM t2 UNION SELECT e, f FROM t3 ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE b = b + c;
Instead, use an equivalent statement that rewrites the
UNION
as a derived table:
INSERT INTO t1 (a, b) SELECT * FROM (SELECT c, d FROM t2 UNION SELECT e, f FROM t3) AS dt ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE b = b + c;
The technique of rewriting a query as a derived table also
enables references to columns from GROUP BY
queries.
Because the results of
INSERT ...
SELECT
statements depend on the ordering of rows from
the SELECT
and this order cannot
always be guaranteed, it is possible when logging
INSERT ...
SELECT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
statements for the
source and the replica to diverge. Thus,
INSERT ...
SELECT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
statements are flagged
as unsafe for statement-based replication. Such statements
produce a warning in the error log when using statement-based
mode and are written to the binary log using the row-based
format when using MIXED
mode. An
INSERT ...
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
statement against a table
having more than one unique or primary key is also marked as
unsafe. (Bug #11765650, Bug #58637)
See also Section 17.1.2.1, “Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based Replication”.
An INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
on a
partitioned table using a storage engine such as
MyISAM
that employs table-level
locks locks any partitions of the table in which a partitioning
key column is updated. (This does not occur with tables using
storage engines such as InnoDB
that
employ row-level locking.) For more information, see
Section 19.6.4, “Partitioning and Locking”.