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Writing Device Drivers
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Document Information

Preface

Part I Designing Device Drivers for the Solaris Platform

1.  Overview of Solaris Device Drivers

2.  Solaris Kernel and Device Tree

3.  Multithreading

4.  Properties

5.  Managing Events and Queueing Tasks

6.  Driver Autoconfiguration

7.  Device Access: Programmed I/O

8.  Interrupt Handlers

9.  Direct Memory Access (DMA)

10.  Mapping Device and Kernel Memory

11.  Device Context Management

12.  Power Management

13.  Hardening Solaris Drivers

14.  Layered Driver Interface (LDI)

Part II Designing Specific Kinds of Device Drivers

15.  Drivers for Character Devices

16.  Drivers for Block Devices

17.  SCSI Target Drivers

Introduction to Target Drivers

Sun Common SCSI Architecture Overview

General Flow of Control

SCSA Functions

Hardware Configuration File

Declarations and Data Structures

scsi_device Structure

scsi_pkt Structure (Target Drivers)

Autoconfiguration for SCSI Target Drivers

probe() Entry Point (SCSI Target Drivers)

attach() Entry Point (SCSI Target Drivers)

detach() Entry Point (SCSI Target Drivers)

getinfo() Entry Point (SCSI Target Drivers)

Resource Allocation

scsi_init_pkt() Function

scsi_sync_pkt() Function

scsi_destroy_pkt() Function

scsi_alloc_consistent_buf() Function

scsi_free_consistent_buf() Function

Building and Transporting a Command

Building a Command

Setting Target Capabilities

Transporting a Command

Synchronous scsi_transport() Function

Command Completion

Reuse of Packets

Auto-Request Sense Mode

Dump Handling

SCSI Options

18.  SCSI Host Bus Adapter Drivers

19.  Drivers for Network Devices

20.  USB Drivers

Part III Building a Device Driver

21.  Compiling, Loading, Packaging, and Testing Drivers

22.  Debugging, Testing, and Tuning Device Drivers

23.  Recommended Coding Practices

Part IV Appendixes

A.  Hardware Overview

B.  Summary of Solaris DDI/DKI Services

C.  Making a Device Driver 64-Bit Ready

D.  Console Frame Buffer Drivers

Index

Resource Allocation

To send a SCSI command to the device, the target driver must create and initialize a scsi_pkt(9S) structure. This structure must then be passed to the host bus adapter driver.

scsi_init_pkt() Function

The scsi_init_pkt(9F) routine allocates and zeroes a scsi_pkt(9S) structure. scsi_init_pkt() also sets pointers to pkt_private, *pkt_scbp, and *pkt_cdbp. Additionally, scsi_init_pkt() provides a callback mechanism to handle the case where resources are not available. This function has the following syntax:

struct scsi_pkt *scsi_init_pkt(struct scsi_address *ap,
     struct scsi_pkt *pktp, struct buf *bp, int cmdlen,
     int statuslen, int privatelen, int flags,
     int (*callback)(caddr_t), caddr_t arg)

where:

ap

Pointer to a scsi_address structure. ap is the sd_address field of the device's scsi_device(9S) structure.

pktp

Pointer to the scsi_pkt(9S) structure to be initialized. If this pointer is set to NULL, a new packet is allocated.

bp

Pointer to a buf(9S) structure. If this pointer is not null and has a valid byte count, DMA resources are allocated.

cmdlen

Length of the SCSI command descriptor block in bytes.

statuslen

Required length of the SCSI status completion block in bytes.

privatelen

Number of bytes to allocate for the pkt_private field.

flags

Set of flags:

  • PKT_CONSISTENT – This bit must be set if the DMA buffer was allocated using scsi_alloc_consistent_buf(9F). In this case, the host bus adapter driver guarantees that the data transfer is properly synchronized before performing the target driver's command completion callback.

  • PKT_DMA_PARTIAL – This bit can be set if the driver accepts a partial DMA mapping. If set, scsi_init_pkt(9F) allocates DMA resources with the DDI_DMA_PARTIAL flag set. The pkt_resid field of the scsi_pkt(9S) structure can be returned with a nonzero residual. A nonzero value indicates the number of bytes for which scsi_init_pkt(9F) was unable to allocate DMA resources.

callback

Specifies the action to take if resources are not available. If set to NULL_FUNC, scsi_init_pkt(9F) returns the value NULL immediately. If set to SLEEP_FUNC, scsi_init_pkt() does not return until resources are available. Any other valid kernel address is interpreted as the address of a function to be called when resources are likely to be available.

arg

Parameter to pass to the callback function.

The scsi_init_pkt() routine synchronizes the data prior to transport. If the driver needs to access the data after transport, the driver should call scsi_sync_pkt(9F) to flush any intermediate caches. The scsi_sync_pkt() routine can be used to synchronize any cached data.

scsi_sync_pkt() Function

If the target driver needs to resubmit the packet after changing the data, scsi_sync_pkt(9F) must be called before calling scsi_transport(9F). However, if the target driver does not need to access the data, scsi_sync_pkt() does not need to be called after the transport.

scsi_destroy_pkt() Function

The scsi_destroy_pkt(9F) routine synchronizes any remaining cached data that is associated with the packet, if necessary. The routine then frees the packet and associated command, status, and target driver-private data areas. This routine should be called in the command completion routine.

scsi_alloc_consistent_buf() Function

For most I/O requests, the data buffer passed to the driver entry points is not accessed directly by the driver. The buffer is just passed on to scsi_init_pkt(9F). If a driver sends SCSI commands that operate on buffers that the driver itself examines, the buffers should be DMA consistent. The SCSI request sense command is a good example. The scsi_alloc_consistent_buf(9F) routine allocates a buf(9S) structure and a data buffer that is suitable for DMA-consistent operations. The HBA performs any necessary synchronization of the buffer before performing the command completion callback.


Note - scsi_alloc_consistent_buf(9F) uses scarce system resources. Thus, you should use scsi_alloc_consistent_buf() sparingly.


scsi_free_consistent_buf() Function

scsi_free_consistent_buf(9F) releases a buf(9S) structure and the associated data buffer allocated with scsi_alloc_consistent_buf(9F). See attach() Entry Point (SCSI Target Drivers) and detach() Entry Point (SCSI Target Drivers) for examples.