Chapter 23 SPARC: Adding a Disk (Tasks)

This chapter provides the procedures for adding a disk to a SPARC system.

This is a list of the step-by-step instructions in this chapter.

• "SPARC: How to Connect a System Disk and Boot"

• "SPARC: How to Connect a Secondary Disk and Boot"

• "SPARC: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk"

• "SPARC: How to Create File Systems"

• "SPARC: How to Install a Boot Block on a System Disk"

For overview information about disk management, see Chapter 21, Disk Management (Overview).

SPARC: About System and Secondary Disks

A system disk contains the root (/) or /usr file systems, or both. If the disk containing either of these file systems becomes damaged, you have two ways to recover:

• You can reinstall the entire Solaris environment.

• Or, you can replace the system disk and restore your file systems from a backup medium.

A secondary disk doesn't contain the root (/) and /usr file systems. It usually contains space for user files. You can add a secondary disk to a system for more disk space or you can replace a damaged secondary disk. If you replace a secondary disk on a system, you can restore the old disk's data on the new disk.

SPARC: Adding a System or Secondary Disk Task Map

SPARC: How to Connect a System Disk and Boot

This procedure assumes that the system is shut down.

1. Disconnect the damaged system disk from the system.

2. Make sure the disk you are adding has a different target number than the other devices on the system.

   You will often find a small switch located at the back of the disk for this purpose.

3. Connect the replacement system disk to the system and check the physical connections.

   Refer to the disk's hardware installation guide for installation details.

4. Follow the instructions in the table below depending on whether you are booting from a local or remote Solaris 2.x CD.

   If You Are Booting From ...	Then ...
   A Solaris 2.x CD from a local CD-ROM drive	1. Make sure the CD is in the CD-ROM drive.  2. Boot from the CD to single-user mode:  ok boot cdrom -s
   A Solaris 2.x CD from a CD-ROM drive over the network	Boot from the net to single-user mode:   ok boot net -s

   After a few minutes, the root prompt (#) is displayed.

Where to Go From Here

After you boot the system, you can create slices and a disk label on the disk. Go to "SPARC: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk".

SPARC: How to Connect a Secondary Disk and Boot

1. Become superuser.

2. If the disk type is unsupported by the Solaris software, add the device driver for the disk by following the instructions included with the hardware.

   If necessary, see "How to Create a format.dat Entry" for information on creating a format.dat entry for the disk.

3. Create the /reconfigure file that will be read when the system is booted.

   # touch /reconfigure

   The /reconfigure file will cause the SunOS software to check for the presence of any newly installed peripheral devices when you power on or boot your system later.

4. Shut down the system.

   # shutdown -i0 -g30 -y

   -i0	Brings the system down to init state 0 (zero), the power-down state.
   -gn	Notifies logged-in users that they have n seconds before the system begins to shut down.
   -y	Specifies the command should run without user intervention.

   The ok or > prompt is displayed after the operating environment is shut down.

5. Turn off power to the system and all external peripheral devices.

6. Make sure the disk you are adding has a different target number than the other devices on the system.

   You will often find a small switch located at the back of the disk for this purpose.

7. Connect the disk to the system and check the physical connections.

   Refer to the disk's hardware installation guide for installation details.

8. Turn on the power to all external peripherals.

9. Turn on the power to the system.

   The system will boot and display the login prompt.

Where to Go From Here

After you boot the system, you can create slices and a disk label on the disk. Go to "SPARC: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk".

SPARC: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk

1. Become superuser.

2. Start the format utility.

   # format

   A list of available disks is displayed.

3. Enter the number of the disk that you want to repartition from the list displayed on your screen.

   Specify disk (enter its number): disk-number

   disk-number

   Is the number of the disk that you want to repartition.

4. Go into the partition menu (which lets you set up the slices).

   format> partition

5. Display the current partition (slice) table.

   partition> print

6. Start the modification process.

   partition> modify

7. Set the disk to all free hog.

   Choose base (enter number) [0]? 1

   See "Using the Free Hog Slice" for more information about the free hog slice.

8. Create a new partition table by answering y when prompted to continue.

   Do you wish to continue creating a new partition table based on above table[yes]?y

9. Identify the free hog partition (slice) and the sizes of the slices when prompted.

   When adding a system disk, you must set up slices for:

   • root (slice 0) and swap (slice 1) and/or

   • /usr (slice 6)

   After you identify the slices, the new partition table is displayed.

10. Make the displayed partition table the current partition table by answering y when asked.

    Okay to make this the current partition table[yes]? y

    If you don't want the current partition table and you want to change it, answer no and go to Step 6.

11. Name the partition table.

    Enter table name (remember quotes): "partition-name"

    partition-name

    Is the name for the new partition table.

12. Label the disk with the new partition table when you have finished allocating slices on the new disk.

    Ready to label disk, continue? yes

13. Quit the partition menu.

    partition> q

14. Verify the disk label using the verify command.

    format> verify

15. Quit the format menu.

    format> q

SPARC: Example--Creating Disk Slices and Labeling a System Disk

The following example uses the format utility to divide a 200-Mbyte disk into two slices: one for the root (/) file system and one for the swap area.

# format
Searching for disks...done
AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
       0. c0t2d0 <SUN0207 cyl 1254 alt 2 hd 9 sec 36>
          /sbus@1,f8000000/esp@0,800000/sd@2,0
       1. c0t3d0 <SUN0424 cyl 1151 alt 2 hd 9 sec 80>
          /sbus@1,f8000000/esp@0,800000/sd@3,0
Specify disk (enter its number): 0
selecting c0t2d0
[disk formatted]
format> partition
partition> print
partition> modify
Select partitioning base:
	0. Current partition table (original)
	1. All Free Hog
Choose base (enter number) [0]? 1
 
Part      Tag    Flag     Cylinders        Size       Blocks
  0       root    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)
  1       swap    wu       0               0         (0/0/0)
  2     backup    wu       0 - 1253      198.39MB    (1254/0/0)
  3 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)
  4 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)
  5 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)
  6        usr    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)
  7 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)

SPARC: Example--Creating Disk Slices and Labeling a System Disk (Continued)

Do you wish to continue creating a new partition
table based on above table[yes]? yes
Free Hog partition[6]? 5
Enter size of partition `0' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]: 100mb
Enter size of partition `1' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]: 98mb
Enter size of partition `3' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]:
Enter size of partition `4' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]:
Enter size of partition `6' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]:
Enter size of partition `7' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]:
 
Part      Tag    Flag     Cylinders        Size       Blocks
  0       root    wm       0 -  632      100.14MB    (633/0/0)
  1       swap    wu     633 - 1233       95.08MB    (601/0/0)
  2     backup    wu       0 - 1253      198.39MB    (1254/0/0)
  3 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)
  4 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)
  5 unassigned    wm    1234 - 1253        3.16MB    (20/0/0)
  6        usr    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)
  7 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)
 
Okay to make this the current partition table[yes]? yes
Enter table name (remember quotes): "disk2"
Ready to label disk, continue? yes
 
partition> quit
format> verify
format> quit

SPARC: Example--Creating Disk Slices and Labeling a Secondary Disk

The following example uses the format utility to divide a 200-Mbyte disk into one slice for the /export/home1 file system.

# format
Searching for disks...done
AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
       0. c0t2d0 <SUN0207 cyl 1254 alt 2 hd 9 sec 36>
          /sbus@1,f8000000/esp@0,800000/sd@2,0
       1. c0t3d0 <SUN0424 cyl 1151 alt 2 hd 9 sec 80>
          /sbus@1,f8000000/esp@0,800000/sd@3,0
Specify disk (enter its number): 0
selecting c0t2d0
[disk formatted]
format> partition
partition> print
partition> modify
Select partitioning base:
	0. Current partition table (original)
	1. All Free Hog
Choose base (enter number) [0]? 1
 
Part      Tag    Flag     Cylinders        Size       Blocks
  0       root    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)
  1       swap    wu       0               0         (0/0/0)
  2     backup    wu       0 - 1253      198.39MB    (1254/0/0)
  3 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)
  4 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)
  5 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)
  6        usr    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)
  7 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)
Do you wish to continue creating a new partition
table based on above table[yes]? y
Free Hog partition[6]? 5
Enter size of partition `0' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]:
Enter size of partition `1' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]:
Enter size of partition `3' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]:
Enter size of partition `4' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]: 198mb
Enter size of partition `6' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]:
Enter size of partition `7' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]: 

SPARC: Example--Creating Disk Slices and Labeling a Secondary Disk (Continued)

Part      Tag    Flag     Cylinders        Size
      Blocks
  0       root    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)
  1       swap    wu       0               0         (0/0/0)
  2     backup    wu       0 - 1253      198.39MB    (1254/0/0)
  3 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)
  4 unassigned    wm       0 - 1251      198.07MB    (1252/0/0)
  5 unassigned    wm    1252 - 1253        0.32MB    (2/0/0)
  6        usr    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)
  7 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)
 
Okay to make this the current partition table[yes]? yes
Enter table name (remember quotes): "home1"
Ready to label disk, continue? y
partition> q
format> verify
format> q
# 

Where to Go From Here

After you create disk slices and label the disk, you can create file systems on the disk. Go to "SPARC: How to Create File Systems".

SPARC: How to Create File Systems

1. Become superuser.

2. Create a file system for each slice with the newfs command.

   # newfs /dev/rdsk/cwtxdysz

   /dev/rdsk/cwtxdysx

   Raw device for the file system to be created.

   See Chapter 27, Creating File Systems (Tasks), for more information about the newfs command.

3. Verify the new file system by mounting it on an unused mount point.

   # mount /dev/dsk/cwtxdysz/mnt # ls lost+found

Where to Go From Here

SPARC: How to Install a Boot Block on a System Disk

1. Become superuser.

2. Install a boot block on a system disk using the installboot command.

   # /usr/sbin/installboot /usr/platform/`uname -i`/lib/fs/ufs/bootblk /dev/rdsk/cwtxdys0

   /usr/platform/`uname -i`/lib/fs /ufs/bootblk	Boot block code.
   /dev/rdsk/cwtxdys0	Raw device of the root (/) file system.

3. Verify the boot blocks are installed by rebooting the system to run level 3.

   # init 6

SPARC: Example--Installing a Boot Block on a System Disk

The following example installs the boot block on a SPARCstation 10.

# installboot /usr/platform/sun4m/lib/fs/ufs/bootblk /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0