5 Configuring Stored Procedure Auditing

This chapter contains:

• About Stored Procedure Auditing (SPA)

• Setting User Permissions for SPA

• Enabling SPA on the Database Firewall

• Disabling SPA

About Stored Procedure Auditing (SPA)

Stored procedure auditing (SPA) enables users to audit and approve changes to stored procedures on monitored databases. Oracle Database Firewall connects to the database server at scheduled intervals and discovers any changes or additions that have been made to stored procedures. Stored Procedure Auditing is supported for Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, Sybase ASE, Sybase SQL Anywhere, and IBM DB2 (Microsoft Windows, UNIX, and Linux) databases.

This chapter explains how to configure a Database Firewall-protected database so that users can audit changes to stored procedures. Instructions for performing the audit are in Oracle Database Firewall Security Guide.

Setting User Permissions for SPA

This section contains:

• Setting SPA User Permissions on Oracle Databases

• Setting SPA User Permissions for SQL Server Databases

• Setting SPA User Permissions for MySQL Databases

• Setting SPA User Permissions for Sybase ASE Databases

• Setting SPA User Permissions for Sybase SQL Anywhere Databases

• Setting SPA User Permissions for IBM DB2 SQL Databases

Setting SPA User Permissions on Oracle Databases

To set up the user account for Oracle databases (all releases later than Oracle Database 8i):

1. From the Oracle Database Firewall Product CD (Oracle Database Firewall Utilities 5.1), copy the database directory to the server where you plan to run the scripts.

2. On this server, go to the database/spa directory and uncompress the oracle compressed file, preferably into a directory called oracle.

3. Go to this oracle directory and review the uncompressed file (spa_setup.sql) so that you will understand its settings.

   The spa_setup.sql script contains settings for the following information:

   • $(username) refers to the user account that will be responsible for stored procedure auditing. Ideally, this user account should be different from the user accounts specified for user role auditing and direct database interrogation (DDI) (for example, spa_auditor).

   • $(password) refers to the password for this user account.

4. Log in to Oracle Database as a user with privileges to create users and set user permissions.

   For example:

   sqlplus sys/ as sysdba
   Enter password: password
   Connected.
   SQL> 
   

   If the database has been enabled with Oracle Database Vault, then log in as a user who has been granted the DV_ACCTMGR role.

5. Run the spa_setup script and answer the prompts.

   For example:

   SQL> @database/spa/oracle/spa_setup.sql
   username: as parameter 1:
   Enter value for 1: user_name
   password: as parameter 2:
   Enter value for 2: password
   

   The spa_setup.sql script grants the stored procedure auditing user account the following privileges:

   • CREATE SESSION

   • SELECT on the sys.dba_objects and sys.dba_source system tables

6. (Optional) If you need to remove this user account, run the spa_drop script.

   For example:

   SQL> @database/spa/oracle/spa_drop.sql
   username: as parameter 1:
   Enter value for 1: user_name
   

Setting SPA User Permissions for SQL Server Databases

To set up the user account for Microsoft SQL Server (2000, 2005, or 2008) databases:

1. Decide where you are going to run the scripts: on the database server (locally) or from another computer (remotely).

2. Ensure that the computer where you will run the scripts has the sqlcmd.exe utility installed.

3. Choose a user name and password for the database user account that will be responsible for the stored procedure auditing.

   You will create this user account and password later in this procedure.

4. From the Oracle Database Firewall Product CD (Oracle Database Firewall Utilities 5.1), copy the database directory to the server where you plan to run the scripts.

5. On this server, go to the database/spa directory and uncompress the sqlserver compressed file, preferably into a directory called sqlserver.

6. Go to this sqlserver directory and review the uncompressed files so that you will understand their settings.

   The scripts contain settings for the following information:

   • $(username) refers to the user account that will be responsible for stored procedure auditing. Ideally, this user account should be different from the user accounts specified for user role auditing and direct database interrogation (DDI) (for example, spa_auditor).

   • $(password) refers to the password for this user account.

   • $(database) refers to the database that you want to audit.

7. As a user who has privileges to create users and set user permissions, run the spa_add_user script on the SQL Server database.

   The syntax is as follows:

   sqlcmd -S server_name -U sa -P sa_password -i spa_add_user.sql 
   -v username="username" password="password"
   

   In this specification:

   • server_name: Enter the name or the IP address of the database server where the protected database resides. Only use this argument if you are running the script from a remote server.

   • sa: Enter the system administrator user name.

   • sa_password: Enter the system administrator password.

   • username: Enter the user account that you plan to create for stored procedure auditing, specified by $(username) in the scripts. Enclose this user name in double quotation marks.

   • password: Enter the password for the stored procedure auditing user account, specified by $(password) in the scripts. Enclose this password in double quotation marks.

   Following are two command examples. (The lines wrap below, but you may see them on one line.)

   sqlcmd -U sa -P sa_password -i spa_add_user.sql  -v username="spa_auditor" password="abcd1234"
   
   sqlcmd -S my_server -U sa -P sa_password -i spa_add_user.sql 
   -v username="spa_auditor" password="abcd1234"
   

8. Grant the user permissions by running the spa_add_db_permissions or spa_add_all_db_permissions script.

   The following examples show how to run the scripts remotely, but if you are running the scripts locally, then omit the -S server_name argument.

   For permissions to a specific database, use the following syntax:

   sqlcmd -S server_name -U sa -P sa_password -i spa_add_db_permissions.sql 
   -v username="username" database="protected_database"
   

   For the database="protected_database" setting:

   • Enter the name of the database within this server that you want to audit, specified by $(database) in the scripts.

   • Enclose this database name in double quotation marks.

   For permissions to all databases, use this syntax:

   sqlcmd -S server_name -U sa -P sa_password -i spa_add_all_db_permissions.sql
   -v username="username"
   

   Below are two command examples. (The lines wrap below, but you may see each command on one line.)

   sqlcmd -S my_server -U sa -P sa_password -i spa_add_db_permissions.sql
   -v username="jsmith" database="my_database"
   
   sqlcmd -S my_server -U sa -P sa_password -i spa_add_all_db_permissions.sql
   -v username="jsmith"
   

   The scripts grant the stored procedure auditing user account the following privileges:

   • VIEW DEFINITION and SELECT on the sys.all_objects and dbo.syscomments system tables for product version greater than 8.

   • SELECT on dbo.sysobjects and dbo.syscomments for product version less than Version 8.

9. (Optional) If you need to remove the above user permissions run the spa_drop_db_permissions or spa_drop_all_db_permissions script.

   Use the following syntax for a specific database:

   sqlcmd -S server_name -U sa -P sa_password -i spa_drop_db_permissions.sql 
   -v username="username" database="protected_database"
   

   Use the following syntax for all databases:

   sqlcmd -S server_name -U sa -P sa_password -i spa_drop_all_db_permissions.sql
   -v username="username"
   

   Below are two command examples. (The lines wrap below, but you may see each command on one line.)

   sqlcmd -S my_server -U sa -P sa_password -i spa_drop_db_permissions.sql
   -v username="jsmith" database="my_database"
   
   sqlcmd -S my_server -U sa -P sa_password -i spa_drop_all_db_permissions.sql
   -v username="jsmith"
   

10. (Optional) If you need to remove the stored procedure auditing user from the SQL Server database, run the spa_drop_user script.

    The syntax is as follows:

    sqlcmd -S server_name -U sa -P sa_password -i spa_drop_user.sql 
    -v username="username" password="password"
    

    For example:

    sqlcmd -U sa -P sa_password -i spa_drop_user.sql  -v username="spa_auditor"
    

Setting SPA User Permissions for MySQL Databases

To set up the user account for MySQL databases:

1. Log in to the database as a user who has privileges to create users and set user permissions, and run the following command on the MySQL database:

   create user 'username'@'hostname' identified by 'password'
   

   For username, use the name of the Stored Procedure Auditing account, and for hostname use the hostname of the Database Firewall. For example:

   create user 'spa_auditor'@'10.155.56.2' identified by 'jj_1234'
   

2. Grant required permissions to the user you just created by running the following command:

   grant select on mysql.proc TO 'username'@'hostname'
   

   For example:

   grant select on mysql.proc TO 'spa_auditor'@'10.155.56.2'
   

   The above command grants the stored procedure auditing user account the following privilege: SELECT on the mysql.proc system table.

3. (Optional) If you need to remove the stored procedure auditing user from the MySQL database, run the following command:

   drop user 'username'@'hostname'
   

   For example:

   drop user 'spa_auditor'@'10.155.56.2'
   

Setting SPA User Permissions for Sybase ASE Databases

For Sybase ASE stored procedure auditing, the tempdb database must be large enough to accommodate the generated temp files.

To check the size of tempdb :

1. Run the sp_helpdb system stored procedure.

2. Compare the db_size columns for the sybsystemproc and tempdb databases.

   The tempdb database should be larger than sybsystemproc, at least by a couple of MBs.

To set up the Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise user accounts:

1. From the Oracle Database Firewall Product CD (Oracle Database Firewall Utilities 5.1), copy the database directory to the server where you plan to run the scripts.

2. On this server, go to the database/spa directory and uncompress the sybase compressed file, preferably into a directory called sybase.

3. As a user who has privileges to create users and set user permissions, run the spa_add_user script on the Sybase ASE database.

   The syntax is as follows:

   isql -S server_name -U sa -P sa_password -i spa_add_user.sql 
   

   In this specification:

   • server_name: Only use this argument if the database is remote. You can enter the name of the server or its IP address. If you are running the script locally, then you can omit the -S server_name argument.

   • sa: Enter the system administrator user name.

   • sa_password: Enter the system administrator password.

   Examples:

   isql -U sa -P sa_password -i spa_add_user.sql  
   
   isql -S my_server -U sa -P sa_password -i spa_add_user.sql 
   

   This script adds a default stored procedure auditing user, dbfw_spa_user, with a default password, defaultpassword. It is good practice to change this password later.

4. Grant this user permissions by running the spa_add_db_permissions script.

   The syntax is as follows:

   isql -S server_name -U sa -P sa_password -i spa_add_db_permissions.sql
   

   In this specification:

   • server_name: Enter the name of the server or its IP address. Only use the argument -S server_name if the database is remote.

   • sa_password: Enter the system administrator password.

   This script grants the stored procedure auditing user account the following privileges:

   • SELECT on dbo.sysdatabases, dbo.sysobjects, and dbo.syscomments.

5. (Optional) If you need to remove the above permissions, run the spa_drop_db_permissions script.

   The syntax is as follows:

   isql -S server_name -U sa -P sa_password -i spa_drop_db_permissions.sql
   

6. (Optional) If you need to remove the stored procedure auditing user, run the spa_drop_user script on the Sybase ASE database.

   The syntax is as follows:

   isql -S server_name -U sa -P sa_password -i spa_add_user.sql 
   

Setting SPA User Permissions for Sybase SQL Anywhere Databases

This section contains:

• Installing the Sybase SQL Anywhere ODBC Driver for Linux

• Setting Stored Procedure Auditing User Permissions

Installing the Sybase SQL Anywhere ODBC Driver for Linux

Before you can use Sybase SQL Anywhere, you must install the SQL Anywhere ODBC driver for Linux.

To install the ODBC driver for Linux:

1. Log in to the Database Firewall server as user root.

2. From the Sybase SQL Anywhere installation media, copy the linux_x86_GA_sa1101_2044_l10n.tar.gz to a temporary location on the Database Firewall server.

3. Expand this archive file.

   tar zxvf linux_x86_GA_sa1101_2044_l10n.tar.gz
   

4. Run the setup utility to begin the installation of the client.

   ./setup
   

5. When prompted, select to install only 3. Administration Tools.

6. When prompted, install the client to the /var/sqlanywhere11 directory.

7. From the Sybase SQL Anywhere installation media, copy sa11_full_linux_x86+x64.1101_2420_ebf.tar.gz to the Database Firewall server.

8. Expand this archive file.

   tar zxvf sa11_full_linux_x86+x64.1101_2420_ebf.tar.gz
   

9. Run the setup utility to begin the installation of the client.

   ./setup
   

10. When prompted, select to install to the /var/sqlanywhere11 directory.

Setting Stored Procedure Auditing User Permissions

To set up the Sybase SQL Anywhere user accounts:

1. From the Oracle Database Firewall Product CD (Oracle Database Firewall Utilities 5.1), copy the database directory to the server where you plan to run the scripts.

2. On this server, go to the database/spa directory and uncompress the sqlanywhere compressed file, preferably into a directory called sqlanywhere.

3. Go to this sqlanywhere directory and review the uncompressed file (spa_setup.sql) so that you will understand its settings.

   The spa_setup.sql script contains settings for the following information:

   • $(username) refers to the user account that will be responsible for stored procedure auditing. Ideally, this user account should be different from the user accounts specified for user role auditing and direct database interrogation (DDI) (for example, spa_auditor).

   • $(password) refers to the password for this user account.

4. As a user who has privileges to create users and set user permissions, run the spa_setup.sql script on the SQL Anywhere database.

   The syntax is as follows:

   isql -S server_name -U sa -P sa_password -i spa_setup.sql
   -v username="username" password="password" database="protected_database"
   

   In this specification:

   • server_name: Only use this argument if the database is remote. You can enter the name of the server or its IP address. If you are running the script locally, then you can omit the -S server_name argument.

   • username: Enter the user account that you plan to create for stored procedure auditing, specified by $(username) in the spa_setup.sql script. Enclose this user name in double quotation marks.

   • password: Enter the password for the stored procedure auditing user account, specified by $(password) in the spa_setup.sql script. Enclose this password in double quotation marks.

   • database="protected_database": Enter the name of the database within this server that you want to protect, specified by $(database) in the spa_setup.sql script. Enclose this database name in double quotation marks.

   For example:

   isql -S my_server -U sa -P password -i spa_setup.sql
   -v username="spa_auditor" password="$(password)_password" database="sales_db"
   

   The spa_setup.sql script grants the stored procedure auditing user account the following privileges:

   • CONNECT

   • SELECT on the sys.sysuser, sys.sysprocedure, and sys.sysprocparm system tables.

5. (Optional) If you need to remove the above permissions, run the spa_drop script on the SQL Anywhere database.

   The syntax is as follows:

   isql -S server_name -U sa -P password -i spa_drop.sql
   -v username="username" password="password" database="protected_database"
   

Setting SPA User Permissions for IBM DB2 SQL Databases

To set up an IBM DB2 user account, you do not need to run any scripts. Instead, you create a new user account or designate an existing user account to be used for the stored procedure auditing.

To set up the IBM DB2 user account:

1. Log in to the IBM DB2 Windows, UNIX, or Linux database that you want to audit.

2. Create a new user account or designate an existing user account to be used for the stored procedure auditing.

3. Grant the following privilege to this user:

   grant select on syscat.routines to user
   

4. (Optional) If you need to remove the above permission, either revoke the granted permission, or remove the user account from the IBM DB2 database.

Enabling SPA on the Database Firewall

To enable stored procedure auditing:

1. Log in to the standalone Database Firewall or Management Server Administration Console.

   See "Logging in to the Administration Console" for more information.

2. In the Monitoring tab, click List in the Enforcement Points menu.

3. Choose an enforcement point (or create one) to monitor the stored procedures, and click the Settings button.

   All enforcement points also monitor SQL traffic to a nominated database server. If required, the enforcement point can monitor stored procedures in databases located on a different server.

4. Under Monitoring Settings, select the SPA check box.

   
   Description of the illustration image069.gif
   
   

5. Complete the SPA fields and options:

   • Database Address and Port: Specify the IP address of the server that holds the databases to be audited. For the port number, enter the port number used by the database. (For example, the default port number for Oracle databases is 1521. For Oracle databases, you can find this information in the tnsnames.ora file.) To use a hostname instead of an IP address, first configure DNS servers in System Services page.

     The IP address of the protected database specified in the enforcement point is not automatically included in the audit.

   • Database Name: Name of the database. For Oracle databases, enter the service name, as defined in the tnsnames.ora file.

   • User Name: Enter the user name of the stored procedure auditing account, for example, spa_auditor.

   • Change Password: If you want to change the password of the user, click the Change Password button and then enter a new password. (This field appears only if you are editing an existing configuration. The first time that you configure stored procedure auditing, the Password and Confirm Password fields appear.)

   • Database Connection (Test Now): Clicking Test Now checks that the specified user can log into the databases and has the required permissions.

   • First Run Time and Repeat Every: Specify the date and time to run the first audit and the frequency to repeat the audits. Select a time when the database is not busy, such as 2 a.m.

     If you want to run an audit immediately, click List in the Enforcement Points menu, then the Manage button for the appropriate enforcement point, followed by Run Now.

Disabling SPA

You can disable stored procedure auditing. If you want to completely remove stored procedure auditing, see Oracle Database Firewall Installation Guide.

To disable stored procedure auditing:

1. Log in to the standalone Database Firewall or Management Server Administration Console.

   See "Logging in to the Administration Console" for more information.

2. Select the Monitoring tab.

   By default, the Enforcement Points page appears. If it does not, then click the List button in the Enforcement Points menu on the left side of the page.

3. Find the enforcement point for the stored procedure auditing that you want to disable.

4. Click the Settings button.

   The Monitoring Settings page appears.

5. In the SPA area, clear the Activate Stored Procedure Auditing check box.

6. Scroll to the bottom of the Monitoring Settings page and click the Save button.