本附录介绍 DTrace 探测器和参数结构。有关其使用示例，请参见对 Kerberos 服务使用 DTrace。
探测器指的是 DTrace 可将请求绑定到的程序位置或活动，以便执行一组操作。探测器由提供者定义并实现。提供者指的是内核可装入的模块，可使其探测器跟踪数据。
这些探测器用于用户静态定义跟踪 (User Statically Defined Tracing, USDT)。USDT 探测器设计为在用户范围内检查 Kerberos 协议。未提供用于静态定义跟踪的内核探测器。
可以创建脚本，以便相应的 DTrace 探测器记录您想要的信息（例如，栈跟踪、时间戳或函数的参数）。当触发探测器时，DTrace 会从探测器中收集数据并报告回给用户。如果没有为探测器指定任何操作，DTrace 将记录每次触发探测器的时间及其在哪个 CPU 触发。
Kerberos DTrace 探测器是仿照 Kerberos 消息类型建立的，如 RFC4120: The Kerberos Network Authentication Service (V5)（RFC4120：Kerberos 网络验证服务 (V5)）中所述。这些探测器可供 libkrb5/mech_krb5 的使用者使用，包括那些通过 libgss 使用 mech_krb5 的应用程序。探测器的功能分为消息创建和使用以及发送和接收。有关 libgss 的更多信息，请参见 libgss(3LIB) 手册页。
要使用探测器，请指定 kerberos 提供者、探测器的名称（例如 krb_message-recv）和参数。有关示例，请参见对 Kerberos 服务使用 DTrace。
用于 KRB_AP_REP 的探测器：
kerberos$pid:::krb_ap_rep-make kerberos$pid:::krb_ap_rep-read args[0] krbinfo_t * args[1] kaprepinfo_t *
用于 KRB_AP_REQ 的探测器：
kerberos$pid:::krb_ap_req-make kerberos$pid:::krb_ap_req-read args[0] krbinfo_t * args[1] kapreqinfo_t * args[2] kticketinfo_t * args[3] kauthenticatorinfo_t *
用于 KRB_KDC_REP 的探测器：
kerberos$pid:::krb_kdc_rep-make kerberos$pid:::krb_kdc_rep-read args[0] krbinfo_t * args[1] kdcrepinfo_t * args[2] kticketinfo_t *
用于 KRB_KDC_REQ 的探测器：
kerberos$pid:::krb_kdc_req-make kerberos$pid:::krb_kdc_req-read args[0] krbinfo_t * args[1] kdcreqinfo_t *
用于 KRB_CRED 的探测器：
kerberos$pid:::krb_cred-make kerberos$pid:::krb_cred-read args[0] krbinfo_t * args[1] kcredinfo_t *
用于 KRB_ERROR 的探测器：
kerberos$pid:::krb_error-make kerberos$pid:::krb_error-read args[0] krbinfo_t * args[1] kerrorinfo_t *
用于 KRB_PRIV 的探测器：
kerberos$pid:::krb_priv-make kerberos$pid:::krb_priv-read args[0] krbinfo_t * args[1] kprivinfo_t *
用于 KRB_SAFE 的探测器：
kerberos$pid:::krb_safe-make kerberos$pid:::krb_safe-read args[0] krbinfo_t * args[1] ksafeinfo_t *
用于发送和接收消息的探测器
kerberos$pid:::krb_message-recv kerberos$pid:::krb_message-send args[0] krbinfo_t * args[1] kconninfo_t *
在某些情况下，部分参数的值可以为 0 或为空。在设计上，Kerberos 参数结构基本符合 RFC4120: The Kerberos Network Authentication Service (V5)（RFC4120：Kerberos 网络验证服务 (V5)）中所述的要求。
typedef struct krbinfo {
uint8_t krb_version; /* protocol version number (5) */
string krb_message_type; /* Message type (AS_REQ(10), ...) */
uint64_t krb_message_id; /* message identifier */
uint32_t krb_message_length; /* message length */
uintptr_t krb_message; /* raw ASN.1 encoded message */
} krbinfo_t;
typedef struct kconninfo {
string kconn_remote; /* remote host address */
string kconn_local; /* local host address */
uint16_t kconn_localport; /* local port */
uint16_t kconn_remoteport; /* remote port */
string kconn_protocol; /* protocol (ipv4, ipv6) */
string kconn_type; /* transport type (udp, tcp) */
} kconninfo_t;
typedef struct kauthenticatorinfo {
string kauth_client; /* client principal identifier */
string kauth_cksum_type; /* type of checksum (des-cbc, ...) */
uint32_t kauth_cksum_length; /* length of checksum */
uintptr_t kauth_cksum_value; /* raw checksum data */
uint32_t kauth_cusec; /* client time, microseconds */
uint32_t kauth_ctime; /* client time in seconds */
string kauth_subkey_type; /* sub-key type (des3-cbc-sha1, ...) */
uint32_t kauth_subkey_length; /* sub-key length */
uintptr_t kauth_subkey_value; /* sub-key data */
uint32_t kauth_seq_number; /* sequence number */
string kauth_authorization_data; /* top-level authorization types
(AD-IF-RELEVANT, ... ) */
} kauthenticatorinfo_t;
typedef struct kticketinfo_t {
string kticket_server; /* service principal identifier */
uint32_t kticket_enc_part_kvno; /* key version number */
string kticket_enc_part_etype; /* enc type of encrypted ticket */
string kticket_enc_flags; /* ticket flags (forwardable, ...) */
string kticket_enc_key_type; /* key type (des3-cbc-sha1, ...) */
uint32_t kticket_enc_key_length; /* key length */
uintptr_t kticket_enc_key_value; /* key data */
string kticket_enc_client; /* client principal identifier */
string kticket_enc_transited; /* list of transited Kerberos realms */
string kticket_enc_transited_type; /* encoding type */
uint32_t kticket_enc_authtime; /* time of initial authentication */
uint32_t kticket_enc_starttime; /* ticket start time in seconds */
uint32_t kticket_enc_endtime; /* ticket end time in seconds */
uint32_t kticket_enc_renew_till; /* ticket renewal time in seconds */
string kticket_enc_addresses; /* addresses associated with ticket */
string kticket_enc_authorization_data; /* list of top-level auth types */
} kticketinfo_t;
typedef struct kdcreqinfo {
string kdcreq_padata_types; /* list of pre-auth types */
string kdcreq_kdc_options; /* requested ticket flags */
string kdcreq_client; /* client principal identifier */
string kdcreq_server; /* server principal identifier */
uint32_t kdcreq_from; /* requested start time in seconds */
uint32_t kdcreq_till; /* requested end time in seconds */
uint32_t kdcreq_rtime; /* requested renewal time in seconds */
uint32_t kdcreq_nonce; /* nonce for replay detection */
string kdcreq_etype; /* preferred encryption types */
string kdcreq_addresses; /* list of requested ticket addresses */
string kdcreq_authorization_data; /* list of top-level auth types */
uint32_t kdcreq_num_additional_tickets; /* number of additional tickets */
} kdcreqinfo_t;
typedef struct kdcrepinfo {
string kdcrep_padata_types; /* list of pre-auth types */
string kdcrep_client; /* client principal identifier */
uint32_t kdcrep_enc_part_kvno; /* key version number */
string kdcrep_enc_part_etype; /* enc type of encrypted KDC reply */
string kdcrep_enc_key_type; /* key type (des3-cbc-sha1, ...) */
uint32_t kdcrep_enc_key_length; /* key length */
uintptr_t kdcrep_enc_key_value; /* key data */
string kdcrep_enc_last_req; /* times of last request of principal */
uint32_t kdcrep_enc_nonce; /* nonce for replay detection */
uint32_t kdcrep_enc_key_expiration; /* expiration time of client's key */
string kdcrep_enc_flags; /* ticket flags */
uint32_t kdcrep_enc_authtime; /* time of authentication of ticket */
uint32_t kdcrep_enc_starttime; /* ticket start time in seconds */
uint32_t kdcrep_enc_endtime; /* ticket end time in seconds */
uint32_t kdcrep_enc_renew_till; /* ticket renewal time in seconds*/
string kdcrep_enc_server; /* server principal identifier */
string kdcrep_enc_caddr; /* zero or more client addresses */
} kdcrepinfo_t;
typedef struct kapreqinfo {
string kapreq_ap_options; /* options (use-session-key,... ) */
uint32_t kapreq_authenticator_kvno; /* key version number */
string kapreq_authenticator_etype; /* enc type of authenticator */
} kapreqinfo_t;
typedef struct kaprepinfo {
uint32_t kaprep_enc_part_kvno; /* key version number */
string kaprep_enc_part_etype; /* enc type of encrypted AP reply */
uint32_t kaprep_enc_ctime; /* client time in seconds */
uint32_t kaprep_enc_cusec; /* client time, microseconds portion */
string kaprep_enc_subkey_type; /* sub-key type */
uint32_t kaprep_enc_subkey_length; /* sub-key length */
uintptr_t kaprep_enc_subkey_value; /* sub-key data */
uint32_t kaprep_enc_seq_number; /* sequence number */
} kaprepinfo_t;
typedef struct kerrorinfo {
uint32_t kerror_ctime; /* client time in seconds */
uint32_t kerror_cusec; /* client time, microseconds */
uint32_t kerror_stime; /* server time in seconds */
uint32_t kerror_susec; /* server time, microseconds */
string kerror_error_code; /* error code (KRB_AP_ERR_SKEW, ...) */
string kerror_client; /* client principal identifier */
string kerror_server; /* server principal identifier */
string kerror_e_text; /* additional error text */
string kerror_e_data; /* additional error data */
} kerrorinfo_t;
typedef struct ksafeinfo {
uintptr_t ksafe_user_data; /* raw application specific data */
uint32_t ksafe_timestamp; /* time of sender in seconds */
uint32_t ksafe_usec; /* time of sender, microseconds */
uint32_t ksafe_seq_number; /* sequence number */
string ksafe_s_address; /* sender's address */
string ksafe_r_address; /* recipient's address */
string ksafe_cksum_type; /* checksum type (des-cbc, ...) */
uint32_t ksafe_cksum_length; /* length of checksum */
uintptr_t ksafe_cksum_value; /* raw checksum data */
} ksafeinfo_t;
typedef struct kprivinfo {
uint32_t kpriv_enc_part_kvno; /* key version number */
string kpriv_enc_part_etype; /* enc type of encrypted message */
uintptr_t kpriv_enc_user_data; /* raw application specific data */
uint32_t kpriv_enc_timestamp; /* time of sender in seconds */
uint32_t kpriv_enc_usec; /* time of sender, microseconds */
uint32_t kpriv_enc_seq_number; /* sequence number */
string kpriv_enc_s_address; /* sender's address */
string kpriv_enc_r_address; /* recipient's address */
} kprivinfo_t;
typedef struct kcredinfo {
uint32_t kcred_enc_part_kvno; /* key version number */
string kcred_enc_part_etype; /* enc type of encrypted message */
uint32_t kcred_tickets; /* number of tickets */
uint32_t kcred_enc_nonce; /* nonce for replay detection */
uint32_t kcred_enc_timestamp; /* time of sender in seconds */
uint32_t kcred_enc_usec; /* time of sender, microseconds */
string kcred_enc_s_address; /* sender's address */
string kcred_enc_r_address; /* recipient's address */
} kcredinfo_t;