This chapter describes how to prepare the servers for an enterprise deployment.
This chapter includes the following sections:
Before you deploy Oracle Fusion Middleware on new hardware, you should set up the servers you plan to use so that the Oracle Software can work with optimum performance. Specifically, you should verify the following configuration:
The servers are running on a certified operating system with the required software patches installed.
You have configured the UNIX Kernel correctly.
You have created users and groups to own the Oracle software.
The settings in this chapter are only a guide. After using your Oracle software, you should use operating system utilities to tune the configuration to ensure that you are maximizing the potential of your servers.
Table 6-0 lists the hosts on which the servers run in the Oracle WebCenter Content enterprise deployment topology.
Ensure that the server and operating system that you plan to use is are a certified combination for the products you plan to use. For details, see the Oracle Certification Matrix.
To use a server in an Oracle enterprise deployment, you must verify that it meets the minimum specification described in Section 1.2, "Hardware Requirements for an Enterprise Deployment on a Linux System." If you plan to use a different deployment architecture, such as one with more or fewer components deployed on a different number of machines, check the Oracle Fusion Middleware System Requirements and Specifications to ensure that you have the minimum specification to support the products you plan to deploy on these servers.
If you are deploying to a virtual server environment, such as Oracle Exalogic, ensure that each of the virtual servers meets the minimum requirements.
Ensure that you have sufficient local disk space and that shared storage is configured as described in Chapter 4, "Preparing the File System for an Enterprise Deployment."
Allow sufficient swap space and temporary space:
Swap Space: 500 MB minimum
Temporary Space: 500 MB minimum in /tmp.
Before starting your operating system provisioning, perform the following tasks:
Install a certified operating system.
Install all necessary patches and packages.
The following topics describe configuration tasks for meeting the Oracle software requirements for a UNIX or Linux operating system:
Configuring Kernel Parameters
Setting the Open File Limit
Setting Shell Limits
Configuring Local Hosts File
Oracle recommends that you tune the following kernel parameter and shell-limit values to optimize the performance of a production database system. For more information about tuning kernel parameters, see your operating system documentation.
Kernel parameters must be set to at least the minimum values in the following table for all nodes in a cluster.
The values in the following table are the current Linux recommendations. For more information, see the Oracle Fusion Middleware System Requirements and Specifications. If you are deploying a database onto the host, you might need to modify additional kernel parameters.
Table 6-2 UNIX Kernel Parameters
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
|
kernel.sem |
256 32000 100 142 |
|
kernel.shmmax |
4294967295 |
To set these kernel parameters:
Log in as root, and add or amend the entries in the file /etc/sysctl.conf.
Save the file.
Activate the changes by issuing this command:
/sbin/sysctl -p
On all UNIX operating systems, the minimum Open File Limit should be 4096.
Note:
The following examples are for Linux operating systems. Consult your operating system documentation to determine the commands to be used on your system.You can see how many files are open with the following command:
/usr/sbin/lsof | wc -l
To check your open file limits, use the commands below.
C shell:
limit descriptors
Bash:
ulimit -n
To change the shell limits, log in as root and edit the /etc/security/limits.conf file, and add the following lines:
* soft nofile 4096 * hard nofile 65536 * soft nproc 2047 * hard nproc 16384
After editing the file, reboot the machine.
For the latest suggested values, see the Oracle Fusion Middleware System Requirements and Specifications.
Before you begin the installation of the Oracle software, ensure that your local hosts file is formatted like this:
IP_Address Fully_Qualified_Name Short_Name
Your operating system configuration can influence the behavior of characters supported by Oracle Fusion Middleware products.
On UNIX operating systems, Oracle highly recommends that you enable Unicode support by setting the LANG and LC_ALL environment variables to a locale with the UTF-8 character set. This enables the operating system to process any character in Unicode. Oracle SOA Suite technologies, for example, are based on Unicode.
If the operating system is configured to use a non-UTF-8 encoding, Oracle SOA Suite components may function in an unexpected way. For example, a non-ASCII file name might make the file inaccessible and cause an error. Oracle does not support problems caused by operating system constraints.
The enterprise deployment requires that certain hosts, such as those running the WebLogic Server Administration Server or Oracle SOA Suite Managed Servers, use virtual IP addresses. You must enable the appropriate IP address on each server.
Section 3.4, "IP Addresses and Virtual IP Addresses," describes the mapping of IP addresses to servers.
Virtual IP addresses are required for failover of the WebLogic Server Administration Server, regardless of whether other Oracle Fusion Middleware components are installed later or not.
You associate the Administration Server and each of the Managed Servers with a virtual IP address. This allows the Administration Server to be started on a different host if the primary host fails.
Check that each virtual host is enabled as Table 6-3 shows.
Table 6-3 Virtual Hosts for the Domain
| Virtual IP Address | Enabled on Host |
|---|---|
|
|
WCCHOST1 |
|
|
WCCHOST1 |
|
|
WCCHOST2 |
|
|
WCCHOST1 |
|
|
WCCHOST2 |
|
|
WCCHOST1 |
|
|
WCCHOST2 |
Note:
This is the DNS name associated with the floating IP address. It is not the DNS name of the virtual host configured on the load balancer.This step is required for failover of the WebLogic Server Administration Server, regardless of whether other Oracle Fusion Middleware components are installed later or not.
You associate an Administration Server with a virtual IP address. This allows the Administration Server to be started on a different host if the primary host fails.
To enable a virtual IP address from a Linux system, run the following commands as root:
/sbin/ifconfig interface:index IP_Address netmask netmask /sbin/arping -q -U -c 3 -I interface IP_Address
In the commands, interface is eth0 or eth1, and index is 0, 1, or 2.
For example:
/sbin/ifconfig eth0:1 100.200.140.206 netmask 255.255.255.0
Enable your network to register the new location of the virtual IP address:
/sbin/arping -q -U -c 3 -I eth0 100.200.140.206
Validate that the address is available by issuing the ping command from another node; for example:
/bin/ping 100.200.140.206
Groups
You must create the following groups on each node.
oinstall
dba
Users
You must create the following users on each node.
oracle: The group that owns the Oracle software. You may use a different name. The primary group for this account must be oinstall. The account must also be in the dba group.
nobody: An unprivileged user.
Notes:
The group oinstall must have the write privilege for all the file systems on shared and local storage that are used by the Oracle software.
Each group must have the same group ID on every node.
Each user must have the same user ID on every node.