pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol(3C) sets the protocol attribute of a mutex attribute object.
#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol(pthread_mutexattr_t *attr,
int protocol);attr points to a mutex attribute object created by an earlier call to pthread_mutexattr_init().
protocol defines the protocol that is applied to the mutex attribute object.
The value of protocol that is defined in pthread.h can be one of the following values: PTHREAD_PRIO_NONE , PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT, or PTHREAD_PRIO_PROTECT .
PTHREAD_PRIO_NONE
A thread's priority and scheduling are not affected by the mutex ownership.
PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT
This protocol value affects an owning thread's priority and scheduling. When higher-priority threads block on one or more mutexes owned by thrd1 where those mutexes are initialized with PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT, thrd1 runs with the higher of its priority or the highest priority of any thread waiting on any of the mutexes owned by thrd1.
If thrd1 blocks on a mutex owned by another thread, thrd3, the same priority inheritance effect recursively propagates to thrd3.
Use PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT to avoid priority inversion. Priority inversion occurs when a low-priority thread holds a lock that a higher-priority thread requires. The higher-priority thread cannot continue until the lower-priority thread releases the lock.
Without priority inheritance, the lower priority thread might not be scheduled to run for a long time, causing the higher priority thread to block equally long. Priority inheritance temporarily raises the priority of the lower priority thread so it will be scheduled to run quickly and release the lock, allowing the higher priority thread to acquire it. The lower-priority thread reverts to its lower priority when it releases the lock.
PTHREAD_PRIO_PROTECT
This protocol value affects the priority and scheduling of a thread, such as thrd2, when the thread owns one or more mutexes that are initialized with PTHREAD_PRIO_PROTECT. thrd2 runs with the higher of its priority or the highest-priority ceiling of all mutexes owned by thrd2. Higher-priority threads blocked on any of the mutexes, owned by thrd2, have no effect on the scheduling of thrd2.
The PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT and PTHREAD_PRIO_PROTECT mutex attributes are usable only by privileged processes running in the realtime (RT) scheduling class SCHED_FIFO or SCHED_RR.
A thread can simultaneously own several mutexes initialized with a mix of PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT and PTHREAD_PRIO_PROTECT. In this case, the thread executes at the highest priority obtained by either of these protocols.
On successful completion, pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol() returns 0. Any other return value indicates that an error occurred.
If either of the following conditions occurs, pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol() might fail and return the corresponding value.
EINVAL
Description: The value specified by attr or protocol is not valid.
EPERM
Description: The caller does not have the privilege to perform the operation.